高考英語人教版必修1Unit2《Englisharoundtheworld》知識與要點

1、話題1.English language and its development(英語語言及其發(fā)展)2Different kinds of English(不同種類的英語)功能Difficulties in language communication(語言交際困難)語法Direct Speech and Indirect Speech()：requests & commands直接引語和間接引語(2)：要求和命令重點單詞official，voyage，native，latter，base，present，actually，block，expression，identity，command，r

2、equest，fluent，fluently，frequent，recognize，accent，straight課 程 解 讀重點短語because of，play a part (in)，come up，at present，be based on，such as，even if，make use of，make sense重點句型1.Today，more people speak English as their first，second or a foreign language than ever before.2Native English speakers can underst

3、and each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.3Believe it or not，there is not such thing as standard English.1base n基礎(chǔ)，基地vt.以為基礎(chǔ)；以做根據(jù)歸納拓展(1)base.on/upon.以某事物作為另一事物的根據(jù)，常用其被動結(jié)構(gòu)be based on以為根據(jù)/基礎(chǔ)。base sb./sth./oneself in把某人安置在(某地工作或活動)；以為據(jù)點(或總部等)(2)the base of.的底部，根基，基礎(chǔ)a military/nava

4、l base軍事/海軍基地on the basis of根據(jù)；以為基礎(chǔ)(3)basement n地下室The 30yearold singer has a strong fan base in England.在英格蘭，那位三十歲的歌手有堅實的歌迷基礎(chǔ)。One should always base ones opinions on facts.一個人應(yīng)當總是把想法基于事實之上。They decided to base the new company in New York.他們決定將新成立的公司總部設(shè)在紐約?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】His new story _ what happened in the

5、coal mine many years ago is the best seller this year.Abased on Bbasing onCwas based on Dwas basing on【解析】“以為基礎(chǔ)”或“以為根據(jù)”應(yīng)該是base.on，而根據(jù)句意可知his new story與base on之間應(yīng)該為被動關(guān)系，所以選擇A，過去分詞作定語，修飾his new story?！敬鸢浮緼2present(1)adj.現(xiàn)在的(作前置定語)；出席的；到場的(作后置定語或表語)(2)n. U現(xiàn)在，目前；C禮物，贈品(3)vt.贈送；呈獻(常與介詞to或with連用)；提交；呈現(xiàn)歸納拓

6、展(1)at present現(xiàn)在；目前(now)for the present眼前；暫時(for the time beingfor the moment)make a present of sth.to sb.make sb.a present of sth.把某物贈送給某人(2)present sb.with sth.present sth.to sb.送給某人某物(3)be present at 出席(4)presence n出席，到場There were 50 students present at the meeting.出席會議的有50名學(xué)生。Im not at all satis

7、fied with the present situation.我對目前的情況一點都不滿意。He presented the winner with a silver cup.He presented a silver cup to the winner.他把銀杯授予了獲勝者。Thirty guests were present at the ceremony.30位客人出席了典禮?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】I happen to know the man _ the meeting，so leave it to me.Apresented atBpresent atCpresentsDpresent【解析

8、】be present at“出席；在場”，此處用形容詞短語作定語，故選B?！敬鸢浮緽take command of控制have a good command of sth.很好地掌握某事；精通某事物(尤指語言)(2)command sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事command that.(should) do.命令(that從句中謂語動詞用虛擬語氣)The police arrived and took command of the situation.警察到達后就控制了局勢。She has a good command of French as a volunteer.作為志愿者

9、，她精通法語。She commanded that we (should) leave at once.她命令我們立即離開?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】What _ of Chinese Da Shan _ !Agood command；is at Ba good command；hasCgood command；have Dgood command；has【解析】have a good command of sth.“很好地掌握”，題干為 what 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句?！敬鸢浮緽The army officer _ his men to fire as soon as the enemies came up.Ar

10、equested BcommandedCbegged DSuggested【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意為：那位軍官命令士兵們等敵人一走近就開火射擊。command意為“命令，指揮”；而request意為“請求，要求”；beg意為“請求，乞求，懇求”；suggest意為“建議，暗示”。相比之下，只有command命令意義較強?！敬鸢浮緽4request vt.&n. 請求，要求歸納拓展(1)request sb.to do sth.請求某人做某事request sth.from /of sb.向某人索要某物request that.(should) do (虛擬語氣)要求It is reque

11、sted that.據(jù)要求歸納拓展(2)at sb.s requestat the request of sb.應(yīng)某人之要求by request of (sb.)照(某人的)需要；依照(某人的)請求；應(yīng)邀on request 一經(jīng)請求make (a) request for sth.需要某物Passengers are requested to show their passports.旅客們被要求出示護照。The teacher made a request that/requested that the students should be well prepared for the co

12、ming exam.老師要求學(xué)生對即將到來的考試做充分的準備。We are offering these biscuits for sale again at the request of the public.應(yīng)大眾要求我們再次出售這些餅干?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】What a pity！The pianist wouldnt listen to our request that he _ in public after his sons death.Aplay BplayedCwould play Dwas going to play【解析】request后接that同位語從句，從句謂語動詞用虛擬語氣

13、，即should動詞原形，should可以省略?！敬鸢浮緼5recognize (recognise) vt.辨認出；承認；公認歸納拓展(1)recognize ones handwriting/sb./ones voice辨出某人的字跡/認出某人/聽出某人的聲音recognize sb./sth. by/from.根據(jù)認出某人/物be recognized as/to be.被承認是/公認為It is recognized that.人們公認(2)recognition n認識；認出I recognized his voice immediately on the telephone.我立即

14、從 中聽出了他的聲音。Taiwan is recognized as part of China.臺灣被公認為是中國的一部分。It is recognized that environment pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face.人們一致認為環(huán)境污染已經(jīng)成了人們面對的最嚴重的問題之一?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】Mary，is that you？I _ you.Really？It isnt a long time since we met last time.Adidnt recognize Bhadnt

15、 recognizedChavent recognized Ddont recognize【解析】表示之前沒有認出來，用一般過去時態(tài)?！敬鸢浮緼Lincoln is recognized _ one of the greatest presidents in America.Aas Bfor Cbeing Dlike【解析】be recognized as“被認為是”。句意為：林肯被認為是美國最偉大的總統(tǒng)之一?！敬鸢浮緼1because of 因為；由于歸納拓展(1)because of是介詞短語，后跟名詞、代詞、動名詞或名詞性從句。because是從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句或表語從句，表示主

16、句的根本原因。(2)due ton./pron.由于(常作表語，也作后置定語和狀語)thanks ton./pron.多虧；由于(只作狀語)owing ton./pron.由于(常作狀語或表語)on account ofn./pron.(作狀語、表語，但不作定語)She didnt take part in our party because she was ill/because of her illness.因為生病，她沒有參加我們的聚會。They decided to postpone the trip，owing to the change of the weather.由于天氣變化，

17、他們決定延期啟程。The teams success was largely due to her efforts.這個隊的成功在很大程度上是她努力的結(jié)果。That was on account of lack of exercise.那是由于缺乏鍛煉。誘導(dǎo)展望(1)due to 一般不可位于句首，如果放在句首，要用 because of 或 owing to 來代替，此時 because of，owing to 作狀語。(2)thanks to可以表達正面意思，“幸虧”，也可用于諷刺口吻中(近于諷刺口吻的“感謝”)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】He was late not only _ his illnes

18、s but also _ he missed the train.Abecause；for Bbecause of；becauseCfor；because of Dbecause of；because of【解析】because of 后跟名詞作賓語，because 后跟從句，故應(yīng)選B?！敬鸢浮緽2come up(1)(人)走近；靠近；接近；上來；出現(xiàn)(2)(太陽、月亮等)升起(3)被提出，提及(主語是被提出的內(nèi)容，沒有被動語態(tài))(4)(尤指意想不到地)發(fā)生(5)發(fā)芽，長出地面歸納拓展come about發(fā)生(happen)；產(chǎn)生come back回來；記起；重新流行come up with提

19、出；找到(答案)；產(chǎn)生(主語是“提出者”，with后面的賓語才是被提出的內(nèi)容)come along 進展；進步；進行；一道來come out 顯露；結(jié)果是；出版(be published)；真相大白come to 共計；達到；蘇醒；談到He came up to me and said hello to me.他走過來向我問好。The sun came up.太陽升起來了。I came up with a proposal and it soon came up at the meeting.我想出一條建議，很快這條建議在會上被提出來了。The flowers are just beginni

20、ng to come up.那些水仙花剛剛開始發(fā)芽?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】Its very cool here.Why dont you _ ?Acome to Bcome upCcome into Dcome up to【解析】句意為：這里很涼爽，你為什么不走過來呢？come to “共計，達到，蘇醒”；come up “(人)走近；被提出”；come into (sth.)“繼承，得到(遺產(chǎn))”；come up to (sth.) “達到(某點)”。根據(jù)題意可知答案為B?！敬鸢浮緽Tom and his dad thought about the problem for a long time，bu

21、t still couldnt _ a solution.Acome over Bget along withCcome out Dcome up with【解析】come up with 意為“想出(計劃)”，符合題意。come over “過來；順便來訪”；get along with “與相處”；come out “出版”?！敬鸢浮緿3such as/for example/that is/and so on歸納拓展(1)such as用來列舉一類事物，放在被列舉的事物與前面的名詞之間，as之后不用逗號(列舉部分事例)。(2)for example作為獨立語插入句中，它的位置很靈活，可用

22、在所舉例子(通常是一個或少數(shù)幾個)的前面或后面(列舉部分事例)。(3)that is用來列舉全部事例，放在被列舉事例前面，并用逗號隔開，相當于namely。(4)and so on 表示“等等，諸如”之意。當前面列舉幾個并列成分以后，用 and so on 加以概括并對尚未列舉的事物進行省略。Many of the programs are well received，such as Follow me，F(xiàn)ollow me to science.其中有許多節(jié)目很受歡迎，如跟我學(xué)、跟我學(xué)科學(xué)。A number of other plants were found in America，for e

23、xample，beans.在美國還發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多別的作物，比如豆子。I have three good friends，that is/namely，John，Jack and Tom.我有三個好朋友，即約翰、杰克和湯姆。You can find frogs，snakes and so on sleeping under mud in winter.冬天你會看到青蛙、蛇等一些動物在泥土中冬眠。誘導(dǎo)展望區(qū)別上述短語的關(guān)鍵是：判斷是列舉部分事例還是列舉全部事例；在句中的位置?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】A lot of countries have gained excellent achievements in s

24、pace technology，China，_.Asuch as Bfor exampleCnamely Dand so on【解析】句意為：許多國家在太空技術(shù)方面取得了杰出的成就，比如中國。such as用于列舉時應(yīng)放在被列舉的事物之前，而for example作為插入語可以放在句首、句中或句末，故正確答案為B。namely“那就是”，用于列舉出全部；and so on意為“諸如此類，等等”，用于列舉未盡，相當于and so forth?！敬鸢浮緽4play a part (in.)(在中)扮演某個角色；(在中)起作用，相當于play a role (in.)。歸納拓展play an imp

25、ortant part/role in在中起重要作用play the leading role/part起主要作用play the role/part of(在劇中)扮演(某個)角色He played a leading part in the movement.他在那次運動中起了重要作用。He will play the role/part of the doctor in my latest drama.他將在我最新的戲里扮演醫(yī)生的角色。The UN plays an important role/part in international relations.聯(lián)合國在國際關(guān)系方面扮演著重

26、要的角色/起著重要的作用?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】Have you really realized the part the computer has _ in the daily life?Amade Bgiven Ccaused Dplayed【解析】考查play a part in短語。the computer has played in the daily life為定語從句，修飾the part，引導(dǎo)詞that或which省略?！敬鸢浮緿5Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the s

27、ame kind of English.以英語為母語的人，即使他們所講的語言不盡相同，也可以相互理解。even ifeven though“即使；盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。歸納拓展(1)even if/ though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，若主、從句皆表示將來的情況，從句中可用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。(2)even now 意為“即使在現(xiàn)在；盡管這樣”even then “即使那時，盡管那樣”even so “雖然如此” She wont attend such parties even if/though she is invited.即使她被邀請她也不會參加這些宴會。Ill complete

28、the task in time even if/though I work overnight.即使我得通宵達旦地工作，也要及時完成任務(wù)。鏈接訓(xùn)練】Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice，_ they knew it to be valuable.Aas if Bnow thatCeven though Dso that【解析】考查從句連詞的使用。even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管”，句意為：盡管他們知道他的建議很有價值，但許多人都不理會。as if“好像”；now that“既然”；so that“以便，以至于”?！敬鸢浮緾

29、Mr.Brown is the man you can rely on；trust me，_ I have opposed him.Aas if Bso thatCeven though Dwhile【解析】even though“盡管，即使”，符合句意。句意為：布朗先生是你可以信賴的人；相信我，盡管我曾經(jīng)反對過他?！敬鸢浮緾6Believe it or not，there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你，(世界上)沒有什么標準英語。(1)believe it or not信不信由你believe it or not在句中常用作插入語。這句

30、口語用在說話者要告訴對方一件事，但這件事連說話者自己都覺得難以置信，所以在告訴對方這件事之前，先加一句believe it or not。Believe it or not，another typhoon is coming.信不信由你，又有一場臺風(fēng)要來了。Whats going on？發(fā)生了什么事？Believe it or not，we won the game.信不信由你，我們竟然贏了比賽。(2)no such thing 沒有這樣的事情such“如此的，這樣的”，當such用于此義與a/an連用時要放在a/an的前面；如果such 與 all，no，some，any，few，littl

31、e，many，much，several，one 等連用時，應(yīng)位于它們的后面，構(gòu)成“no/all/one/many/few/.such名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。其中no/onesuch可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時，這個名詞前的不定冠詞應(yīng)省略。There are many such rooms here，so I cant find out which one is mine.這里有許多這樣的房間，因此我找不到哪個是我自己的了。One such book is enough.這樣的書一本就夠了?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】Jerry looks dumb，but _，hes the smartest boy in our class.Aas

32、 a result Bgenerally speakingCbelieve it or not Dat last【解析】句意為：杰瑞看起來傻乎乎的，但信不信由你，他是我們班最聰明的男孩。as a result“結(jié)果是”；generally speaking“一般來說”；at last“最終”，這三個短語都不能正確表達前后句的邏輯關(guān)系?！敬鸢浮緾許多這樣的事故以前發(fā)生過。(翻譯句子)_【答案】Many such accidents have happened before.直接引語和間接引語(二)祈使句變間接引語的用法1直接引語如果是肯定的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，必須把謂語動詞變?yōu)閯釉~不定式作賓

33、語補足語，并在動詞不定式之前用tell(讓)，ask(請)，order(命令)，command(命令)，warn(警告)，advise(建議)等含有祈使意義的動詞。即：tell/ask/order/command sb.to do sth.。若祈使句為否定式，在動詞不定式之前加not。這樣，句型變?yōu)閠ell/ask/order/command sb.not to do sth.的形式。“Hurry up.” he said.He told me to hurry up.He said to them，“Dont go out.”He ordered them not to go out.2有些

34、表建議、要求或勸告的祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語時，可以用suggest，insist，offer等動詞加以轉(zhuǎn)述，此時要注意這些詞的固定搭配。He said，“Lets go to the museum.”He suggested that we (should) go to the museum.3直接引語是感嘆句時，間接引語可以用what或how引導(dǎo)，也可以用that引導(dǎo)。She said，“What a lovely day it is！”She said what a lovely day it was.(或：She said that it was a lovely day.)注意：有些感嘆句的轉(zhuǎn)述要根據(jù)原句的意思采用適當?shù)膭釉~變?yōu)殛愂鼍洹！癏appy Ne