被動語態(tài)各種時態(tài)構(gòu)成表

1、被動語態(tài)各種時態(tài)構(gòu)成表：TENSE被動語態(tài)bedodoesamisare+donewill+dowill be +doneamisare+doingamisare+being+d waswerewaswere+done現(xiàn)在完成havehas+donehavehas+been+dohad+donehad+been+donewaswere+doingwaswere+being+d情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 +do情態(tài)動詞一般現(xiàn)、過用be done, be有人稱、時、數(shù)變例：、主動：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.動被：The forei

2、gn guests were given a warm welcome by thechildren.孩們子熱烈地歡迎外賓。、動主：People regard him as brilliant.動被：He is regarded as brilliant by people.人們認(rèn)為他很有才 華。1、邊境發(fā)生嚴(yán)重列車事故，二人死亡，十二人受傷。There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people werekilled and twelve were injured.12、直言不諱的人才是真正 誠實的人。A person w

3、ho is truly honest is called a straight arrow.3、有人給講演者遞上來一張紙條。A note was passed up to the speaker.4、 John被選為班長而代替了亨利。John was elected president of the class instead of Harry.5、這位戰(zhàn)士犧牲了，然而列車得救了。The soldier was killed, but the train was saved.6、他被認(rèn)為很聰明但不誠實 。He was thought to be clever but dishonest.7、美

4、國的第一個 動物園是 1874年建立的。The first zoological garden in the United States was established in1874.8、 多數(shù)環(huán)境污染問題的存在，是因為過去沒有采取適當(dāng)?shù)谋Ｗo措施。Most environmental problems exist because adequate measuresforpreventing them were not taken in the past.2完成時態(tài) have/had done，被動將been加中間。例：1、我們已經(jīng)在夜校里斷斷 續(xù)續(xù)地學(xué)了三年英 語了。主 動 ：We have

5、studied English for 3 years off and on at thespare-time school.被 動 ：English has been studied for 3 years off and on at thespare-time school.(have隨新主語變?yōu)?has)2、到去年年底我 們已生產(chǎn)出一百臺拖拉機。主動: They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year.被動: 100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year.3、到去年

6、年底他們已建造了三艘船。主動：They had build three ships by last December.被動：By last December three ships had been built by them.4、人們把裝滿垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。主動：People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.被動: Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets.5、他們已提醒我 們要注意老鼠。3主動：They have warned us to be

7、 careful of rats.被動：We have been warned to be careful of rats.練習(xí)：1、今天是 Judy的新婚日，她剛剛和鮑勃結(jié)婚。Today is Judys wedding, she has just been married to Danel.2、演講委員會已宣布了 這些講演的題目。The subjects of these lectures have been announced by the lecturecommittee.3、當(dāng)我回來 時，發(fā)現(xiàn)我的車被弄走了。我問他們?yōu)樯哆@ 么于。他們告訴我說因為我把車于停在 禁止停車的禁區(qū)。My c

8、ar had been towed away when I came back.一般將來 shall (will) do ，被動變 do為be done即由 shall do或will do 變?yōu)?shall done或will be done。例：1、過年我市將建立幾座大型現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)電廠。主動 : We shall build several big modern power plants in our citynext year.被動：Several big modern power plants will be built in our city next4year.(shall do中

9、的 shall要隨新主 語變?yōu)?will, do 為be done.)2、過年九月我將送我次子去 讀書。王動：I shall send my second boy to school next September.被動：My second boy will be sent to school next September.3、他們將問你許多怪題。主動：They will ask you a lot of strange questions.被動: You will be asked a lot of strange questions.被動句中的 by引出的賓語，一般說來，如果是人稱代詞你、我

10、、他等，均可省略，someone no one不由 by來引出。如果是名詞不能省略，但當(dāng)今英語也都可省略了。1、中國人民在將來將 進行更多的空 間探索。主動：The Chinese people will make more space explorations in thefuture.被動：More space explorations will be made in the future by theChinese people.2、通常是晝夜供 電，明天白天將停電。Usually, the electricity is on for 24 hours. But tomorrow it

11、will be5cut off in the day time.3、電池使用一段 時間后，應(yīng)該更換。After a period of use, the batteries should be changed.4、這機器不能再用了。The machine will not be used again。將來進行無被動：shall（will ）be doing現(xiàn)在完成進行同：have（has）been doing即將來進行時表示動作在將來某一 時刻或某個 階段正在進行；現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示某一行 為發(fā)生在過去，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，將續(xù)續(xù)下去，兩種時態(tài)不能用被 動語態(tài)。1、今晚你將做什么 ?（將來進行時)Wh

12、at will you be doing this evening?2、 1980年以來，我一直住在鞍山。 (現(xiàn)在完成進行時)I have been living in Anshan Since 19803、你學(xué)英語多久了 ?(現(xiàn)在完成進行時)How long have you been studying English?4、由于大霧，我們已經(jīng)在機場等了一整天了。 (現(xiàn)在完成進行時)We have been waiting at the airport all daybecause of the thick fog.6【現(xiàn)、過進行be doing ，被動be加being done】即現(xiàn)在進行時

13、或過去進行時都是be的人稱、時和數(shù)的形式加 doing。而被動態(tài)則是be加上being done的形式，being是不變的?，F(xiàn)在進行時和過去進行時的被動態(tài)是被動態(tài)個的重點，容易搞錯。例如：1、工人們正在維修東北工學(xué)院主樓。主動：The workers are repairing the main building of the NortheastEngineering Institute.被動：The main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute isbeing repaired by the workers.2、委員會的委員們正在考

14、慮那個棘手的 問題 .The nasty question is being considered by the committee members.3、他們在計劃修建另一座跨 線橋 。The buildong of another fly-over is being planned.【情、助、有、是妥安排，一律隨新主語變?！繋閼B(tài)動詞和助動詞等的被動態(tài)如何處理比較復(fù)雜。要隨新的主語來變化，這些詞如can, could；will, would; shall, should; may, might;must; ought to; need需要；have to不得不；be going to; to

15、 be to; used to;seem to; happen to等。例如：71、我們必須把這個記在心里。主動: We must keep this in mind.被動：This must be kept in mind.2、我們可以把電冰箱放在那個地方。主動：We can put the refrigerator in that place. (refrigerator=freezer.)被動：The refrigerator can be put in that place.3、我們不能再用那臺洗衣機了。主動：We shall not use the washing machine a

16、gain. 被動：The washing machine will not be used again. 原來的謂語 shall use被動態(tài)中隨新主 語變?yōu)?will 4、我們將采取更多的措施來防止腐蝕。主動: We shall take more measures to prevent corrosion.被動: More measures will be taken to prevent corrosion. (shall變will)5、這一切得認(rèn)真解決。All this has to be solved with great care.6、展覽會將明日開放。The exhibition

17、 is to be opened tomorrow.may加不定式的完成體或完成進行體表示 可能 ，主要用于肯定8句，決不能用在疑問句中。而can與不定式的完成體或完成 進行體連用表示 可能，只用于否定句和疑 問句，不用于肯定句。但如果can或may的過去式即 could與might與不定式完成體或完成 進行體搭配 時，可用于各種結(jié)構(gòu)?？?，否，陳，疑均可。It cant have been lost in the post, can it?它不可能在 郵局丟失的吧：(反意疑問句)否定助后加 not，疑問一助置主前在否定句的被 動態(tài)中，否定副詞 not-定加在第一助 動詞之后，不放在別的助動詞之

18、后。同樣在疑問句的被 動態(tài)中，第一助動詞置于主語之前。例：為什么不采取些措施來 結(jié)束罷工呢 ?Why has(一助 ) not anything been(二助 ) done to end the strike? not必須放在第一助 動詞 has之后，第 -助動詞 has必須放在主 語anything之前。決不可寫成 : why has fot been anything done to end thestrike?或why has been not anything done to end the strike?1、我們將不在課堂上作練習(xí) 。The exercises will not b

19、e done in class.2、用什么別的途徑能 獲得火星的 資料呢 2In what other way could(一助 ) information about Mars be(二助 )9abtained?3、他為何入獄的?Why had he been imprisoned?4、需要告訴他嗎?Need she be told about it?5、沒人刷新你的記錄 。Your record has never been equalled.主語恰是疑問詞，直陳語序主在前凡主語恰好是一個疑 問詞或由疑問詞來修飾主語時，后面要用陳述語序。例: 衛(wèi)星上可以扔下何物 ?What(主語) cou

20、ld be dropped from a satellite?1、正在采取什么措施來 發(fā)展這門新科學(xué) ?What measures(主語) are being taken to develop this new science?2、需要哪種裝置來使控制系 統(tǒng)簡化?What kind of device(主語 ) is needed to make the control systemsimple?3、采取了什么措施來改 進這些技術(shù)的?10what has been done to improve the techniques?應(yīng)指出的是有的學(xué)生把 We study diligently 和Sh

21、e could see herself clearly in the mirror. 都硬行 變成被 動了 , 殊不知不及物 動詞通常是沒有被 動態(tài) 的。關(guān)于不及物 動詞 反身代 詞動詞 ，同源賓語動詞 系詞感官使役動詞 ，短語動詞的被動態(tài)?！居行﹦釉~可以帶雙賓語】在用于被 動結(jié)構(gòu)時，主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的間接賓語變?yōu)?主語時，直接賓語仍然保留在 謂語后面；直接賓語變?yōu)?主語時，直接賓語前通常加上介詞for/to在記者招待會上人 們問了他很多 問題He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.他們在幼兒園被教 給很多東西。They

22、are taught a lot of things in the kindergartens.作為生日禮物他收到了一個新MP4。A new MP4 was given to him as birthday present/gift.He gave me abook. Abook was given to me by him.He showed me aticket.Aticket was shown to me by him.11My father bought me a new bike. A new bike was bought for meby my father.【特別提醒】有些動

23、詞后跟不帶to的不定式作 賓補，但改為被動結(jié)構(gòu)后要加上“ to。”例如We heard him sing in his room just now.-He was heard to sing in his room just now.剛才聽到他在房 間中唱歌。make somebody do something somebody+be +made to dosomethingsee somebody dosomething somebody+be +seen to do somethingThe boss made the little boy do heavy work. Thelittle

24、 boy wasmade to do heavy work by the boss.【不用被動語態(tài)的情況】不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態(tài)：appear, die disappear, end (vi. 結(jié)束 ), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit,spread, stand12break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.After the fire, very little remained of my house.比較：rise, fall, happen是不及物 動詞；raise, seat是及物動詞 。(錯) The price has been risen.(對) The price h