現(xiàn)在完成時 省賽獲獎 完整版課件

1、Lead-inWhen did you start your English learning?時態(tài) （tense）present perfect現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)I. Formation（構成）I have studied English since 2008.主語+have /has+v 過去分詞(Vpp) 助動詞否定主+havent/hasnt+ Vpp疑問Have/ Has +主+ Vpp ?肯定: Yes, 主語 + have/has.否定 ： No, 主語 + havent/hasnt.翻譯. ( English =Chinese)finish,homeworkI have finish

2、ed my homework.He has finished his homework.haventHas heYes,he has.No ,he hasnt.1.第一句變成否定句；2.第二句變成一般疑問句并回答。？I. Formation（構成）I have studied English since 2008.主語+have /has+v 過去分詞(Vpp) 助動詞否定主+havent/hasnt+ Vpp疑問Have/ Has +主+ Vpp ?肯定: Yes, 主語 + have/has.否定 ： No, 主語 + havent/hasnt.過去分詞規(guī)則ed work-worked-w

3、orked d live-lived-lived y i+ ed study-studied-studied stop-stopped-stopped不規(guī)則P78AAA型 hurt hurt hurtAAB型 beat beat beatenABA型 run ran runABB型 bring brought broughtABC型 begin began begunII：Usage（用法）1.繼續(xù)表示過去已經開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，并可能繼續(xù)下去（也可能不繼續(xù)下去），常與包括現(xiàn)在在內的時間狀語連用，如： since + 過去的時間點，for + 一段時間,也同today,thismor

4、ning,thesedays,recently等時間狀語連用.I have studied English since 2008. (從2008年開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學)我當了兩個月的老師了。I have been a teacher for 2 months.(2個月前開始當老師,現(xiàn)在仍然是)for+時間段 VS since+時間點For:表示動作持續(xù)的時間。 Since:表示動作從何時開始的. for+時段since+時間點（自從以來）since+時段+agosince+從句(從句中常用一般過去時)He has lived in Beijing 2008. He has lived in

5、Beijing 3 years.He has lived in Beijing 3 years ago.He has lived in Beijing he was born. sinceforsincesince2.結果 表示過去發(fā)生或已經完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果.I have just washed my hands. （對現(xiàn)在造成的結果是“手干凈了”） She has just had her breakfast. (對現(xiàn)在的影響：不餓) 他丟了他的英語書。 He has lost his English book. (結果：沒有英語書了)3.經驗 表示從過去到現(xiàn)在之間經歷過的事

6、情，也可以表示從過去某一時間到現(xiàn)在這段時間中反復發(fā)生的動作,常和often，never，ever，twice，before等連用。IhavebeentotheGreatWalltwice.我曾經去過長城兩次。這支筆我只用過三次。 I have used this pen only three times. Someone (break) the window.I (read) this book three times.I (not see) him since last Friday night. 結果經驗繼續(xù)has brokenhave readhave not seenExercise:

7、 Complete the following sentences with the proper tense.現(xiàn)在完成時的用法綜述: 形式用法意義have/has+動詞的過去分詞繼續(xù)表示從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)結果表示現(xiàn)在是 “做了”的結果、影響經驗表示過去某時到現(xiàn)在的經驗、經歷用于現(xiàn)在完成時中的時間狀語1.表示包括現(xiàn)在在內的一段時間的時間狀語until now, up to now, so far, recently, today, this morning/week/year, etc2. 表示頻率的時間狀語always, often, never, ever, five times

8、, etc3.表示不確定的過去時間狀語before，already, yetalready VS yetalready 表示“已經” 常用于肯定句中,置于句中 。yet 表示“已經，還” 常用于疑問句和否定句,置于句末 。John has already finished that report. 約翰已經把報告寫出來了。 John, have you finished that report yet? 約翰，你已經把報告寫出來了嗎？ John hasnt finished that report yet. 約翰還沒有寫完報告。 III. Tips1.現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨與具體的過去時間狀語連用

9、，如yesterday , last (morning、afternoon)等。He has seen this film yesterday. He has already seen this film . FThave been to 意思是“到過，去過”，（去了， 已經回來了）。have gone to 指“去了”，（去了，還沒回）。have been in 意思是“一直在”。2.have been toVShave gone to 上一頁下一頁主菜單她去過永興兩次。她去了永興。她在永興兩個月了。She Yongxing twice.She Yongxing.She Yongxing f

10、or 2 months.has been tohas gone to has been in3.短暫性動詞VS持續(xù)性動詞. 表示短暫性(瞬間性)的動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時的句中不能和一段時間連用。短暫性的動詞如：come, go，join, leave, receive等，在完成時態(tài)中不能與for,since短語或How long等引起的時間狀語連用。但是，短暫性動詞的否定形式可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用.I have received his letter for a month.I havent received his letter for a month.The teacher has lef

11、t for half an hour.The teacher has been away for half an hour .(be away)延續(xù)動詞與瞬間動詞 () Harry has got married for six years.() Harry has been married for six years. / Harry married six years ago.短暫性動詞與持續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動作，這種動作可以延續(xù)下去或產生持久影響。如：learn,work,stand,know,keep,have,wait,watch,read,sleep,live,sta

12、y等。短暫性動詞也稱非延續(xù)性動詞、瞬間動詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動作，這種動作發(fā)生后立即結束。如：open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive, buy ,leave,move,borrow等。常見短暫性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞的轉變arrive/come/go to die become a borrowleave/ move buy openjoin start/begin finish/ end closebe in be deadhavekeepbe away / be out be abe in/a member ofbe openbe onbe overbe cl

13、osed注意：表示短暫時間動作的詞，如come, go, die, marry, buy, leave, begin等的完成時不能與for, since等表示一段時間的短語連用。 他們自從1990年就住在這。They have lived here since 1990.在過去的350年里美國發(fā)生了什么事？What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?他們離開這里2年了。They have left here for 2 years.They have been away from here for 2 years.注意：非延續(xù)性動詞的否

14、定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的I havent received his letter for almost a month.I have received his letter for a month.湯姆的爺爺過世5年了。Toms grandpa has died for 5 years.Toms grandpa has been dead for 5 years.Toms grandpa died 5 years ago.It is 5 years since Toms grandpa died.3.現(xiàn)在完成時還可以用在時間和條件狀語從句中,表示將來某

15、時完成的動作，我做完作業(yè)就去你家。Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework.Five years has passed since grandpa died.改錯beenHow long have you become a league member？Have you arrived here since last night?He has gone to Shanghai twice.beenbeen用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型 1.It is the first / second , etc, + time. that+現(xiàn)在完成時。

16、It is the first time that I have visited the city. This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.這是我第一次參觀這個城市。(It was the third time that the boy had been late.）2.This is the+ 序數(shù)詞/最高級+ that+現(xiàn)在完成時. 這是我看過的最好的電影。This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 這是我第一次聽到他唱歌。-Do you know our town at all? -N

17、o, this is the first time I _ here.A. wasB. have been C. came D. am coming 2.-Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have comesince的四種用法1. since +過去一個時間點(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點、1980, last month, half past six)。I have been

18、here since 1989.我自從1989年以來就在這。2. since +一段時間+ ago 我自從5個月前就在這。I have been here since five months ago.3.since +從句Great changes have taken place since you left.自從你離開后，這兒發(fā)生了巨大變化。4.It is +一段時間+ since從句It is two years since he graduated.他畢業(yè)兩年了。注意：It is +一段時間+ since+ +瞬間動詞的過去式“自從以來有多長時間了”It is +一段時間+ since

19、+ +延續(xù)動詞的過去式“自從不以來有多長時間了”It is two years since he graduated.他畢業(yè)兩年了。It is two years since he lived here.他不在這住有兩年了。一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時之比較1.過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調動作,不強調對現(xiàn)在的影響；現(xiàn)在完成時強調過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調的是影響。2.過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。 一般過去時的時間狀語有：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just

20、 now, 具體的時間狀語。 現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語有：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in the past years, always, 等不確定的時間狀語。請大家認真分析比較下列各例句： （強調看過了。）（強調對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內容已經知道了。）I saw this film yesterday. I have seen this film. She has returned from Paris.She returned yesterday.（她是昨天回來了。）（她已從巴黎回來了。

21、）注意：句子中如有具體的過去時間副詞（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.典型例題：1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet首先本題后句強調對現(xiàn)在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。再

22、次，several times告知為反復發(fā)生的動作，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時。2. - Im sorry to keep you waiting.- Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be等待的動作由過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應用現(xiàn)在完成時。 () 1. Will you attend the press meeting to be held this afternoon? But I _ anything about it.(2010甘肅天水市三中高三月考)A. wou

23、ldnt be toldB. am not toldC. havent toldD. havent been told() 2. You look so young. Havent you graduated from your university? Yes, I _ in the English Department of Shandong University for four years. (2011廣西桂林中學高三模擬)A. studied B. studyC. had studied D. was studying【解析】1. D用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)來強調現(xiàn)在我還不知道此事。2.

24、 A根據Yes可知：我已大學畢業(yè)，故在山東大學學習已成過去，與現(xiàn)在沒有關系，故選A項。()3. Do you think we should accept that offer? Yes, we should, for we _ such bad luck up till now, and time _ out. (2011福建福州三中高三月考)A. have had; is runningB. had; is running C. have; has been runD. have had; has been run3 Arun out 只有主動結構，故排除C和D兩項；根據時間till no

25、w 可知，第一空用現(xiàn)在完成時。()4. Why are you looking so worried? I sent an email to my son in America last week, but no reply _.(2010江蘇泰州/南通市高三模擬)A. was receivedB. had receivedC. has receivedD. has been received 【解析】D應用被動結構，故排除B和C；另強調對現(xiàn)在的影響，故用現(xiàn)在完成時?，F(xiàn)在完成時:動作發(fā)生在過去,但它對現(xiàn)在有影響。謂語動詞的形式havedone 1.-The window is dirty.-I

26、 dont know .It _ for weeks.A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt cleanC. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleanedD2. Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up, but he _by now.A. hasnt turned up B. doesnt turn up C. wont turn up D. hadnt turned up3.-Your job is well done. _ you _ for it?-Yes. And I got extra $500 as a reward yest