上海牛津版AU知識點總結(jié)

1、一、單詞精講opinion / / n. 想法，看法，意見 詞組： in one s opinione.g. In my opinion, the second view is one-sided and partial.responsibility / / n. 責(zé)任拓展：adj. be responsible for 對負(fù)責(zé)e.g. My father is responsible for a big store in Shanghai.response n. death / n.死，死亡拓展： v. die ofdie fromdie (died, died) v. 死；凋零dead a

2、dj. 無生命的，呆板的 dying adj. 臨終的，垂死的respect/ / v.尊重，慎重對待拓展： respectable adj. faithfully/ /adv.忠實地，忠誠地拓展： faith n. 信仰，信任 adj.e.g. Faith that justice would prevail impelled us forward.譯： We are faithful listeners to the program.譯： mess/ /n.雜亂，糞便e.g. The house is a mess. 這個房間又臟又亂。 拓展：a mess of 一大堆；把弄糟in a m

3、ess 亂糟糟，一團(tuán)糟e.g. Ive made such a mess of my life.There are many reasons why the economy is in such a mess.extremely/ /adv.極其，非常拓展： extreme adj.極端的，偏激的n. 極端，極其偏激的事物unhappy/ /adj. 不快樂的，悲傷的拓展：反義詞： 副詞： happiness n. 否定前綴 un, 加在名詞，形容詞，副詞之前 如 : unfinished （未完成的 ）; undoubted （無疑的 ）; unhappy （ 不快樂的 ）否定前綴 in,

4、加在形容詞，名詞之前如： incorrect （ 不正確的 ） ， inability （無能 , 無力） ， inaccurate （ 不準(zhǔn)確的 ）im 一加在字母 m b, P之前女口： impossible（ 不可能的），impolite（ 不禮貌的）surprised/ / adj. 感到驚訝的拓展：be surprised at 因感至驚訝同義詞： amazed, shockedsurprising 令人驚訝的同類的詞： shocked/ /adj.震驚的e.g. The little boy was shocked by the fall.certain/ /adj.一定（量）的拓

5、展： be certain of / about sth.be certain of doing sthbe certain that / if/whethere.g. Are you certain about that?Our team is certain of winning. Im certain that its not your fault.13. goldfish/ /n.金魚合成詞： n. + n. = n.舉例： 14. apologize/v.14. apologize/v.道歉搭配： apologize for apologize to sb.詞轉(zhuǎn)： n. Make a

6、n apology for sth. 因某事而道歉e.g. He made an apology for what he said.15. review/ /n. （書刊、電影等的）評論；v. 回顧，檢查二、Phrases 詞組1from side to side從左到右 side by side 肩并肩地；一起2grow up 成長；長大 according to 據(jù)（所說）同義句： It s said bycare for 關(guān)愛拓展：take care of 照顧;look after care about喜歡as a result 因此；結(jié)果拓展： result from 起因于stop

7、 from 阻止某事發(fā)生stop to do sth.stop doing sth.right now 立即；馬上同義詞： immediately adv. at oncee. g We should start work right now.When he heard the news, he rushed out of the room immediately.Whats more 而且e. g. Whats more ，most people in modern cities live in flatspay for 為付錢e. g. I have to pay 150 dollars

8、for the sewing machine.其他表示“ 花費 ”的詞spend 的主語通常是人，往往用于以下句型：(sb) spend some money some time on sth (sb)spend some money some time(in)doing sthe.g. I spent fifty yuan on the coat=I spent fifty yuan(in)buying the coat take 常用于“占用、花費”時間，其主語通常為形式主語“ it ”或物。 句式是：It takes took sb some time to do sth= Sth ta

9、kes sb some timee.g. It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses The work will take me two days pay 為“付款、賠償”之意，主語通常是人，往往是 sbpays some money for sth或 pay sb (some money for sth)e g. I paid fifty yuan for the coatHow much did you pay him?cost 的主語必須是某物。sth cost (sb.)some money 。e.g The dictiona

10、ry cost me $20 not only but also 不但而且連接主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)和鄰近的主語保持一致。相似的有：neithernor；either or 例句： He is not only a scientist but also a photographer. No only he but also his parents like collecting stamps.三、課文精講lts nice to pick them up and hold them in oar arms，and its wonderful to see them growing up egIt s

11、 nice to know that somebody appreciates what I do【知識拓展】 it 作形式主語主要用于下列兩種情況It+ is /was+ adj ./ n.(形容詞或名詞)+to do sth .e . g. It is a good idea to think this wayIt is very kind of you to give me a hand in time.It + v . + to do sth .e.g . It took us three years to complete the project.Young people can l

12、earn how to care for others and how to respect allliv ing thi ngs by keep ing a pet dog.e.g. Please show us how to do that .A small nu mber of pet dogs eve n bite people.a nu mber of “許多”；a small nu mber of“一 小部分”；a large nu mber of “許多； 大量”例句： A nu mber of people have already visited the Expo Site.

13、【辨析】 a number of 與 the number ofA numberof表示“一批；一些；許多”；是不定數(shù)量詞，如同a lot of, lots of, several, some一樣。因此，“ a number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時，其謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例句：There were a large number of people in the room. The number of 表示“的數(shù)（目）”，the number是中心詞，其謂語動詞必須用單數(shù)。例: The number of people in the room is large.This may make th

14、e dogs feel extremely unhappy.1）makefeel“使感到”，這種結(jié)構(gòu)是動詞后跟不帶to的不定式相同用法的表示使、令、讓、幫、叫等意義的不完全及物動詞（使役動 詞）主要有：例句：Let me introduce myself.2）feel ， look ，sou nd，smell，taste等連系動詞后面跟形容詞。例: Ann looks beautiful.paying for dog food and visit ing the vet can be expensive.1）pay for “支付”，常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：somebodypay moneyfor s

15、omething例句：can be 表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼目赡苄浴＠洌?【辨析】can be, may be, might be, must be它們都可以用來表示可能性，但語氣強弱有所不同。must be語氣最強，表示可能性最大；其次是 can be和may be； might be語氣最弱，表示 可能性最小。鞏固練習(xí)選擇合適的單詞或短語來代替劃線部分。A. As said byB. wentawayC. veryD. depart forE.pleasureF. said()1. It was claimed that some doctors were worki ng 80 hours a

16、 week.()2. We were extremely busy before the exam in ati on.()3. It is full of enjo yment to go skat ing on real ice.()4. According to the weather report, it is going to rain thisafter noon.()5. A: Whenwill you be back? B: I II leave for homein three days.用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。The plane Ianded at last after

17、flying in the storm for aboutone hour. (safe)Please read the passageand the n finish the exercises.(care)Somethi ng is wrong with my foot. I have to walk. (slow), we weren t caught in the heavy rain last night. (luck)Look! The famous actress is dancing veryat the party.(beautiful)George felt very sa

18、d at the of his father. (die)The storm last night was quite (fright);we were all greatly(fright) by it.Students should spend sometime doing athomeevery day afterschool. (review)“ Do you have any ?” asked the sales manager. (complain)Every one wasto death in the big fire. (shock)-Madam, do you mind m

19、y smok ing here?-not. (certai n)To the visitors great surprise, the people there show disagreementbytheir heads. (nod)You speak too (loud).Would you say it a little more softly?It s said that perhaps there used to b e things on Mars.(life)The children enjoyedatthe party last night.(they)四、語法一)、情態(tài)動詞的

20、被動語態(tài)I、定義：含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)用來說明某人或某物被動性動作所反映出的感情和態(tài)度。例：1. Many trees should be pla nted in the mou nta in s.應(yīng)該在山上種許多樹。You can take this book home.(改為被動語態(tài))t This book can be take n home (by you).This problem can t be worked out very easily.這道題輕易算不出來。Must the work be done at once?這項工作必須立即完成嗎？II、含情態(tài)動詞被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成根據(jù)

21、上述例子填寫下列空格含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動詞+及物動詞的 。含有情態(tài)動詞的主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要把主動語態(tài)的 變成被動語態(tài)的主語。變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r只需要在情態(tài)動詞后加 。變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧鋾r只需把 提到句首。III 、句式變換含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的疑問句、否定句的變化均需借助于情態(tài)動詞來完成。一般疑問句。直接將被動語態(tài)的陳述句中的情態(tài)動詞提到句首。 例如： This work must be done right now.ust this work be done right now?His homework should be finished before six.tShou

22、ld his homework be finished before six?特殊疑問句。由疑問詞加上含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的一般疑問句構(gòu)成。例如： Where can the book be found? 這本書在什么地方能被找到呢？When must my homework be handed in? 我的作業(yè)必須什么時候交？反意疑問句。附加問句部分要用“情態(tài)動詞 + 主語”。例如： This book shouldn t be taken out of the library, should it? 這本書不應(yīng)被帶出圖書館，是嗎？否定句。在情態(tài)動詞后面加上 not 即可。例如： Four

23、teen-year-olds should not be allowed to drive. 十四歲的孩子不應(yīng)該被允許開車?！綨ote】 對于含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的一般疑問句的回答，一般應(yīng)保留原句中的情態(tài)動詞，但 must 表“必須”時，其否定回答應(yīng)用neednt 。例如： Should my homework be finished today? 我的作業(yè)應(yīng)在今天完成嗎？Yes, it should. / No, it shouldnt. 是的，應(yīng)在今天完成。 / 不，不應(yīng)在今天完成。Must his exercise book be handed in right now?他的練習(xí)本必須

24、立即上交嗎？Yes, it must. / No, it neednt. 是的，必須立即上交。 / 不，不必立即上交。二）、副詞副詞主要用來修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)、副詞的位置：1） 在動詞之前。2） 在 be 動詞、助動詞之后。3 ） 多個助動詞時，副詞一般放在第一個助動詞后a. 大多數(shù)方式副詞位于句尾，但賓語過長，副詞可以提前，以使句子平衡。 We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.b. 方式副詞 well ， badly 糟、壞， hard 等只放在句尾。He speaks English well.、副詞的排列

25、順序： 1）時間，地點副詞，小單位的在前，大單位在后。 2）方式副詞，短的在前，長的在后，并用 and 或 but 等連詞連接。Please write slowly and carefully.3）多個不同副詞排列：程度 +地點 +方式+時間副詞。副詞 very 可以修飾形容詞，但不能修飾動詞。 （錯） I very like English.（ 對 ） I like English very much.副詞 enough 要放在形容詞的后面，形容詞 enough 放在名詞前后都可 I dont know him well enough.There is enough food for ev

26、eryone to eat.There is food enough for everyone to eat.、副詞的構(gòu)成方法： 大多數(shù)副詞都是由“形容詞后綴 -ly ”構(gòu)成的， 例如： slowly, heavily, truly, terribly等。形容詞變副詞規(guī)則：. 在形容詞詞尾直接加 -ly 。如 :real-really; helpful-helpfully; careful-carefully;slow-slowly; quick-quickly; quiet-quietly. 以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的形容詞要變 y 為 i, 再加 -ly 。如:busy-busily; an

27、gry-angrily; easy-easily.某些以輔音字母加不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾和以-ue結(jié)尾的形容詞要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly。如:terrible-terribly; true-truly; gen tle-ge ntly注意：friendly; motherly; lovely，weekly， lively 等詞是形容詞而非副詞。.英語中還有少數(shù)與形容詞同形的副詞，例如：daily, early, fast, hard, high, long, near, straight, well等。判斷下列單詞的詞性： TOC o 1-5 h z the high jump 跳高項目（

28、）to jump high 跳得高 （）a fast car 行得快的汽車（） to drive fast開快車（）an early riser早起的人 （） to get up early 起得早（）a straight line 直線 （） Go straight ahead. 一直朝前走。（）.副詞還可以由形容詞加前綴a-得來，如:loud （adj.）-aloud （adv.）.部分名詞加后綴也可變成副詞，如:part-partly 。例：It is partly her fault.有部分是她的錯。注：frien dly; motherly; lovely等詞是形容詞而非副詞。練習(xí)鞏

29、固一、選擇題trees usually in April ?Have, plantedB. Are, planted C. Do , plant D. Were ,pla ntedWhen we got there , the broke n road repaired .is being B. was being C. has bee n D. /has bee n clea nedB. is clea nedC. are clea ned D. areclea ningIn 1620 , about half the USA forests .was covered B. was cove

30、red by C. were filled with D.covered withThe young tree the stick .A. should be tied tomust be tied byA. should be tied tomust be tied byC. should tie toD. can be tied withC. should tie toD. can be tied withA prese ntme by my friend on my birthday .A. is givi ng B. was give n to C. is give n for D.

31、willgive to7. By A prese ntme by my friend on my birthday .A. is givi ng B. was give n to C. is give n for D. willgive to7. By was the bookA. who , wrotewhom , writeA. who , wrotewhom , writewhom , writte nwhom , writ ingwhom , writte nwhom , writ ing8. Films about crimeand violenee （暴力與犯罪）byyoung c

32、hildre nA. should not seeB. should be not see nC. should not be see n8. Films about crimeand violenee （暴力與犯罪）byyoung childre nA. should not seeB. should be not see nC. should not be see nD. should be see n9. I n warm weather fruit and meat Ion A. can t be kept9. I n warm weather fruit and meat Ion A

33、. can t be keptdon t keep C. is not kept D.aren t keeping10. Half the worlds teleph one calls10. Half the worlds teleph one callsin En glish .A. are madeB. are maki ng C. make D. is madeA. are madeB. are maki ng C. make D. is made11. That buildi ngnow .11. That buildi ngnow .A. is buildi ngis built

34、C. is bei ng built D.A. is buildi ngbuildsThe trees in our schoolevery Friday after noon .A. are watered B. are wateri ng C. have watered D.waterMore “ Great Green Walls ” must all over the world .A. build B. are built C. be buildi ngD. be built14. His school bagbyawoma n ten minu tes ago .14. His s

35、chool bagA. took awayB. was take n awayC. was take n offD. is take n15.lt that shevery clever.A. was said , isB. was said , wereA. took awayB. was take n awayC. was take n offD. is take n15.lt that shevery clever.A. was said , isB. was said , wereC. is said , isD. is said , is bei ng16. Yesterday a

36、visitorsomething about his hometow n.16. Yesterday a visitorA. was asked B. was ask ingC. is asked D. asked17. If you are not free today, come ano ther dayA. tooB. soC.A. tooB. soC.in steadD. yetin steadD. yet18. He cant tell us,I thi nk.18. He cant tell us,I thi nk.A. importa nt anythingB. any thi

37、ngimporta ntA. importa nt anythingB. any thi ngimporta ntimportant somethingsomething important.important somethingsomething important.The light in the office was ntfor him to read.The light in the office was ntfor him to read.A. eno ugh brightB. bright eno ughC.brightlyD. eno ugh brightlyA. eno ugh

38、 brightB. bright eno ughC.brightlyD. eno ugh brightlyYou must keep your eyeswhe n you do eye exercises.You must keep your eyeswhe n you do eye exercises.A. closeB. ope nC.A. closeB. ope nC.closedD.openedDont worry, sir. rm sure I can runto catch up with them.closedD.openedDont worry, sir. rm sure I

39、can runto catch up with them.A. slowly eno ughB. eno ugh slowlyA. slowly eno ughB. eno ugh slowlyfast eno ugheno ugh fastfast eno ugheno ugh fastThe text is very easy for you. There arenew words in it.The text is very easy for you. There arenew words in it.A. a fewB. a littleC. fewD.A. a fewB. a lit

40、tleC. fewD.littleMingming got up very,so he came to school half an hourA. late; latelyB. lately; lateC. lately;lately D. late; lateI amworried about y pare nts healthy con diti ons.A. sometimes B. sometime C. sometimes D. sometimesAaccide nt happe ned at 7:30 a.m. said the policema nA. serious, seri

41、ousB. seriously, seriouslyseriously, seriousD. serious, seriouslyThe cake smells. Please throw it away.A. goodB. badlyC. badD. well- What was the weather like yesterday?It was terrible.It rained sothat people couldIt was terrible.It rained sothat people couldgo out.A. hardly A. hardly hardB. hardly

42、hardlyC. hard hardlyC. hard hardlyD. hard hard- Dad, whe n will you be free?You agreed to go to the seaside- Dad, whe n will you be free?You agreed to go to the seasidewith me four days ago.I am sorry, Jean. But Ithink I will have aholiday soon.A. four-daysB. four-dayC. fourI am sorry, Jean. But Ithink I will have aholiday soon.A. four-daysB. four-dayC. fourdaysfour daydays二.用正確的時態(tài)和語態(tài)填空