高中英語(yǔ)選擇性必修一 2021 unit 1 教學(xué)·知識(shí)細(xì)解碼

1、 commit vt.承諾；保證(某個(gè)人、機(jī)構(gòu)等) vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活動(dòng)等)committed adj. 盡心盡力的；堅(jiān)定的；堅(jiān)信的 commitment n承諾；交托；信奉2distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有區(qū)別的distinction n差別；區(qū)分；卓著3. acknowledge vt. 承認(rèn)(屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等)；(公開)感謝acknowledgement n承認(rèn)4. conclude vt. 推斷出；得出結(jié)論；使結(jié)束vi.結(jié)束；終止conclusion n結(jié)論；推論；結(jié)束5. apparent adj.顯而易見的；顯然的；表面上的apparently adv.

2、顯而易見；看來(lái)；顯然6. science n科學(xué)scientist n科學(xué)家scientific adj.科學(xué)(上)的；關(guān)于科學(xué)的7. academy n(藝術(shù)、文學(xué)、科學(xué)等的)研究院；學(xué)會(huì)；?？圃盒cademic adj. 學(xué)業(yè)的；學(xué)術(shù)的8. object n. 物體；對(duì)象；客體objective n目標(biāo)；目的adj. 客觀的9. botany n. 植物學(xué)botanical adj.植物學(xué)的1defeat n失?。淮鞌?vt.擊??；戰(zhàn)勝；使困惑；難住Our football team defeated theirs this time.vt.擊??；戰(zhàn)勝We had two defeats

3、 this year. n失??；挫敗This kind of problems always defeats me.vt. 使困惑；難住2conclude vt. 推斷出；得出結(jié)論；使結(jié)束 vi.結(jié)束；終止The meeting concluded at ten oclock.vi. 結(jié)束；終止When you didnt arrive, we concluded that the car had broken down.vt.推斷出They concluded their research with these words.vt. 使結(jié)束3. boil vt.& vi.(使)沸騰；煮開；燒開

4、 nWater boils at 100 degrees centigrade. vi. 沸騰Boil some water for us, please! vt.煮開；燒開Just before the milk comes to the boil, turn down the heat. n沸騰；沸點(diǎn)4. obtain vt. (尤指努力)獲得；贏得；學(xué)會(huì) vi.(規(guī)章、習(xí)俗等)存在；流行The custom still obtains in some districts. vi.(規(guī)章、習(xí)俗等)存在；流行It is necessary to obtain the patients per

5、mission. vt. (尤指努力)獲得He obtained a knowledge of Latin.vt. 學(xué)會(huì)Words And Phraseseq avs4al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)1)vital adj.必不可少的；極其重要的；充滿生機(jī)的(教材P2)Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria.青蒿素已經(jīng)成為治療瘧疾的重要組成部分。例1His vital and cheerful manner filled the whole team with courage.他那充滿生機(jī)、歡快的態(tài)度使整個(gè)隊(duì)伍充滿了勇氣。

6、例2It is vital that we should be kept informed of all developments.重要的是我們必須熟悉所有的發(fā)展情況。翻譯旅游業(yè)對(duì)西班牙經(jīng)濟(jì)至關(guān)重要。Tourism is vital for the Spanish economy.知識(shí)拓展be vital to.對(duì)很重要It is vital to do sth. 做某事是很重要的It is vital that. 是十分重要的(that從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即should do, should可以省略)即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空Consideration for other people is vi

7、tal to all of us.Its vital that we (should) carry (carry) out the operation immediately.It is vital to protect(protect) wild animals.eq avs4al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)2)commit vt.承諾；保證(某個(gè)人、機(jī)構(gòu)等) vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活動(dòng)等)(教材P2)Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China on 30 December 1930, and gr

8、aduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.屠呦呦，一位堅(jiān)定而有耐心的科學(xué)家，1930年12月30日出生于中國(guó)寧波，1955年畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院。例1We are committed to improving services.我們致力于改善服務(wù)。例2Nobody was prepared to commit themselves.誰(shuí)都不愿作出承諾。翻譯不管怎樣，她都不想作出承諾。She didnt want to commit herself one way or the other.知識(shí)拓展(1)commit.to把送交，托

9、付給；對(duì)作出承諾，承擔(dān)義務(wù)，擔(dān)負(fù)責(zé)任；使(自己)致力于commit oneself to do. 承諾；保證做某事commit a crime 犯罪(2)committed adj. 盡心盡力的；堅(jiān)定的；堅(jiān)信的commitment n. 承諾；交托；信奉即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空The boy was committed(commit) to the care of his aunt yesterday.He has committed himself to the cause of education.He has committed himself to support(support) the

10、m.The prime minister is personally committed(commit) to this project.小片段填空Also, be totally committed to what you do, as excellence is only possible with commitment此外，完全致力于你所做的事，因?yàn)橹挥型耆冻霾趴赡苓_(dá)到卓越。eq avs4al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)3)evaluate vt.評(píng)估；評(píng)價(jià)(教材P2)Her team examined over 2，000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280，00

11、0 plants for their medical properties.她的團(tuán)隊(duì)查看了2 000多本古老的醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)，并對(duì)28萬(wàn)種植物的藥用性能進(jìn)行了評(píng)估。例1I cant evaluate his ability without seeing his work.我沒有看到他的工作情況, 無(wú)法評(píng)估他的能力。例2The school has only been open for six months, so its hard to evaluate its success.該學(xué)校僅開辦了六個(gè)月, 現(xiàn)在還很難估計(jì)它的成就。翻譯這項(xiàng)證據(jù)應(yīng)當(dāng)仔細(xì)地評(píng)定。The evidence should be

12、carefully evaluated知識(shí)拓展(1)evaluate sb.on/by根據(jù)評(píng)價(jià)某人(2)evaluation n. 估計(jì)；評(píng)價(jià)make an evaluation of 對(duì)進(jìn)行評(píng)估即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空We must evaluate her ability on/by her work.We must evaluate(evaluate) the consequences caused by the fire. We must make an evaluation(evaluate) of the consequences caused by the fire.小片段填空At

13、present, there exist some problems in the evaluation of teachers.Schools should perfect the means of evaluation and improve evaluating level.當(dāng)前教師評(píng)價(jià)中存在著一些弊端，學(xué)校應(yīng)針對(duì)存在的問題，改進(jìn)評(píng)價(jià)方法，提高評(píng)價(jià)水平。eq avs4al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)4)obtain vt. (尤指經(jīng)努力)獲得；贏得vi.(規(guī)章、習(xí)俗等)存在；流行(教材P2)They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liqu

14、id obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work.然后他們?cè)囍研迈r的苦艾煮開，用從中提取的液體來(lái)治療瘧疾，但這也不管用。例1Different laws obtain in different places.不同的法律適用在不同的地方。例2As far as Im concerned, what he had done obtained him respect.在我看來(lái)，他的所作所為為他贏得了榮譽(yù)。翻譯這種信息從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上很容易獲得。Such information is easily obtained from the

15、 Internet.知識(shí)拓展obtain knowledge/ones degree獲得知識(shí)/學(xué)位obtain sb.sth.obtain sth.for sb. 給某人帶來(lái)某物obtain sth.by doing sth. 通過做某事獲得某物obtain sth.from sb./sth. 從某人/物獲得某物即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空The value of a person can be obtained(obtain) by relative evaluation.Her successful performance obtained great honour for her.Details

16、 can be obtained from the Department of Education.eq avs4al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)5)acknowledge vt. 承認(rèn)(屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等)；(公開)感謝(教材P2)However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.然而，屠呦呦并不接受失敗。例1He acknowledged having made a mistake.他承認(rèn)做錯(cuò)了。例2I acknowledged him as an expert.我視他為專家。翻譯他們希望公開感謝警方在拍攝此片中所給予的幫助。They wish to acknowle

17、dge the assistance of the police in the making of this film.知識(shí)拓展(1)acknowledge (doing/having done) sth.承認(rèn)(做了)某事acknowledge sb./sth.to be/as 承認(rèn)某人/某物是acknowledge that. 承認(rèn)Its generally/universally acknowledged that. 大家公認(rèn)(2)acknowledgement n. 承認(rèn)；感謝；謝禮即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換She is acknowledged to be(be) one of t

18、he best singers in the world. With no solid evidence, he refused to acknowledge stealing/having stolen (steal) the ladys purse.I was sent a free copy in acknowledgement (acknowledge) of my contribution.People widely acknowledge that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.It is wide

19、ly acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.eq avs4al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)6)(教材P2)She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.她的結(jié)論是，煮沸青蒿顯然破壞了它的醫(yī)療特性。(1)conclude vt. 推斷出；得出結(jié)論；使結(jié)束vi.結(jié)束；終止例1We concluded not to wait any more.我們決定不再等了。例2The d

20、octors concluded that he had suffered a stroke.醫(yī)生診斷他中風(fēng)了。翻譯你從所有這一切當(dāng)中得出什么結(jié)論？What do you conclude from all this?知識(shí)拓展(1) conclude.from.從中推斷出conclude (from sth.) that. (從某事中)推斷出；(從某事中)斷定conclude sth.with./by doing. 以結(jié)束(2)conclusion n. 結(jié)論；推論；結(jié)束draw/reach/come to/arrive at a/the conclusion 得出結(jié)論in conclusio

21、n 最后；總之；總而言之即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion(conclude)In conclusion, I would like to say the film Born in China is worth seeing.She concluded her performance with a poem.What can we conclude from the conversation?聯(lián)想助記完成下列表示“最后；總而言之”的其他表達(dá)：in a wordin brief

22、all in allin shorton the whole小片段填空The seventh chapter is a conclusionThe author stated the full texts key points and concluded this articles study conclusion第七章是結(jié)論，作者綜述了全文要點(diǎn)，并得出了本文的研究結(jié)論。(2)apparently adv.顯而易見；看來(lái)；顯然例1He was apparently much surprised at the news.他對(duì)那個(gè)消息顯然感到十分驚訝。例2The child nodded, app

23、arently content with the promise.孩子點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭，看來(lái)他對(duì)這個(gè)許諾還滿意。翻譯顯然他從那里什么也沒看見。Apparently he could see nothing from there.知識(shí)拓展(1)As is apparently shown/stated in the picture/chart/passage above.正如上面圖畫/圖表/文中明顯展示/陳述的那樣(2)apparent adj.顯而易見的；顯然的；表面上的It is apparent that. 顯然即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空As is apparently shown in the cha

24、rt above, there are about 10% students supporting the idea.He paused, apparently(apparent) lost in thought.Soon, it was apparent to everyone that he couldnt sing.eq avs4al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)7)insist on堅(jiān)決要求(教材P3)Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it

25、 was safe.屠呦呦和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員甚至堅(jiān)持在自己身上測(cè)試藥物，以確保它是安全的。例1He insisted on his demand.他堅(jiān)持他的要求。例2She insisted on her mothers living with her.她堅(jiān)持要她母親和她住在一起。翻譯她堅(jiān)持立刻就走。She insisted on leaving at once.知識(shí)拓展(1)insist on/upon (doing) sth.堅(jiān)決要求(做)某事(2)在“insistthat.”結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)insist作“堅(jiān)持主張，堅(jiān)決要求”講時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should動(dòng)詞原形”

26、，should可以省略。當(dāng)insist作“堅(jiān)持說，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”講時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空The teacher insisted on all the homework being handed(hand) in on Monday.He insisted on/upon walking me to the station to see me off.He insisted that the problem (should)be discussed (discuss) at the meeting.Sentence Patternseq avs4al(重點(diǎn)句式1)過去分

27、詞作定語(yǔ)(教材P2)In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.1967年，中國(guó)政府組建了一支以探索治療瘧疾新方法為目的的科學(xué)家隊(duì)伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入選的研究人員。句式分析：過去分詞chosen作名詞researchers的后置定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句that were chosen的省略。例

28、1The experience gained will give you more confidence to help your customers.獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)會(huì)給你更多的信心去幫助你的客戶。例2There are many beautifully decorated houses in this rich area.這個(gè)富人區(qū)有許多裝飾精美的房子。翻譯所需的所有工具將全部供應(yīng)。All the tools needed will be fully supplied.知識(shí)拓展(1)過去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常與所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，或表示動(dòng)作已完成。(2)過去分詞還可以在句中作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓

29、步、伴隨、方式等狀語(yǔ)。此時(shí)過去分詞通常與句子的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，或表示動(dòng)作已完成。即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換Given(give) a lot of money, he lived a better life.Used(use) with care, one tin will last for six weeks.The teacher came in, followed(follow) by a group of students.The meeting which was held yesterday is of great importance.The meeting held ye

30、sterday is of great importance.eq avs4al(重點(diǎn)句式2)upon/on doing.當(dāng)時(shí)；一就(教材P3)Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，.當(dāng)聽到自己被授予諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)時(shí)，句式分析：upon/on doing.當(dāng)時(shí)；一就，相當(dāng)于as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。例1Upon seeing her, I smiled and ran toward her.看到她我笑了，并跑了過去。例2On his return from Japan, Prof.Li went directly

31、to his laboratory and started working with his colleagues.李教授剛一從日本回來(lái)就到他的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，開始和他的同事們一道工作起來(lái)。翻譯剛到國(guó)外的時(shí)候，我們會(huì)感到很興奮，一切事情看起來(lái)都很奇妙。On arriving in a foreign country, we may feel very excited, and everything appears wonderful.知識(shí)拓展(1)一些表示短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，如：arrive, return, reach, hear, see, receive, enter, step, get, re

32、cognize, leave等，它們相應(yīng)的名詞形式或動(dòng)名詞形式用在upon或on之后可表達(dá)“一就”。(2)某些at引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)可用來(lái)表達(dá)“一就”，如：at the sight of(一看到)；at the thought of(一想到)；at the sound of(一聽到)；at the first opportunity/chance(一有機(jī)會(huì))等。(3)在名詞minute, moment和instant前加上定冠詞the也可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表達(dá)“一就”。它們后面可以加that，含義不變。(4)可用副詞immediately和 directly來(lái)表達(dá)“一就”。這時(shí)，它們所起的作用相

33、當(dāng)于連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。這種用法主要用在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)及口語(yǔ)中。即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換Immediately(immediate) he arrived, he started telling us what to do.At the sight of the police officer the thief ran off.Ill tell him the minute (that) he gets here.As soon as he went out of the room, Jack heard his cellphone ringing.Upon going out of th

34、e room, Jack heard his cellphone ringing.1This years Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (cowinner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria.【分析】主句后whose引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為Tu Youyou，其中名詞短語(yǔ)a crucial new treatment for mal

35、aria是artemisinin的同位語(yǔ)?！咀g文】今年的諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)授予了屠呦呦(共同獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?，她的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了青蒿素，這是一種治療瘧疾的關(guān)鍵新藥。2They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work, either.【分析】句中but連接表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列句，第一個(gè)分句中and連接表示順承關(guān)系的兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞ing形式作動(dòng)詞tried的賓語(yǔ)；過去分詞短語(yǔ)obtained from this作名詞liq

36、uid的后置定語(yǔ)?！咀g文】然后他們?cè)囍研迈r的苦艾煮開，用從中提取的液體來(lái)治療瘧疾，但這也不管用。教材高考1.Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone.(2019天津卷) Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.2.Her team examined ove

37、r 2，000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280，000 plants for their medical properties.(2019全國(guó)卷)First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values，your strengths, your weaknesses，your achievements, your desires，etc.3.However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.(2019全國(guó)卷)Her years of hard work have f

38、inally been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.4.She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.(2019北京卷)They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much

39、 talent.單句語(yǔ)法填空1. Food and energy are vital to the livelihood, development and stability of all nations.2She is acknowledged(acknowledge) as an expert on the subject now.3Six soldiers are reported to have died from their wounds.4Three professors were asked to make an evaluation (evaluate) of the teac

40、hing plan.5She has committed herself to go(go) at once.6I asked him to stay for a while, but he insisted on leaving(leave) at once.7Upon his arrival(arrive) at the spot, he found that the gypsies had gone.8He continued to place safety above all other objectives(objective)9The teacher tried his best

41、to analyse(analyse) the cause of our failure.10The general began to work out his plan for defeating(defeat) the enemy.選詞填空die from, in the beginning, by chance, draw out, commit oneself to, insist on, risk ones life, lead to 1I must go.I have committed myself to the club tonight and the members are expecting me.2The teacher insisted on all the homework being handed in on Monday.3The fireman risked his life to save the baby from the burning building.4In given conditions, a bad thing can lead to good results.5In a severe winter,