高中英語選擇性必修一 1.3 Learning about language 課件2(共26張)

1、Unit 1 People of achievement Period 3 Learning about language Non-restrictive Clauses 人教版英語選擇性必修第一冊Revision使用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空。1. That is the boy _ mother is a famous musician.3. The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake. 2. We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in the 1906 ea

2、rthquake.that / who (which /that) whose4. Ill never forget the day _ (=_ which ) I was born.5. I visited the house _ (=_ which) Lu Xun once lived.6. The reason _(=_ which) he got worried was this.when on where in why for Revision一、定語從句的定義： 用來修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞（antecedent）。定語從句一般是由關(guān)系代

3、詞或關(guān)系副詞來引導(dǎo)的。相當(dāng)于名詞和形容詞的作用。eg: 1. They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease. 2. Tu You you went to Hainan where malaria was more common to study malaria patients.定語從句歸納總結(jié)Revision定語從句歸納總結(jié)二、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的作用：1、引導(dǎo)作用2、替代作用3、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)某個成分的作用eg: Tu Youy

4、ou was awarded the Nobel Prize which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive. Revision定語從句歸納總結(jié)三、關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, which, that, whose）的指代關(guān)系指人指物在定語從句中的作用WhoWhomWhichthatwhose主語賓語賓語主語賓語主語賓語定語Practice 2. In fact Tom did not understand the three questions _ were asked in

5、 French. A. where B. whoC. in whichD. which1. The woman _ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers. A. whose B. whoC. whom D. which3. This is the school _ we visited three days ago. A. where B. /C. when D. what4. This is the factory _ we worked a year ago. A. where B. that C. which D. on which No

6、n-restrictive Clauses 非限制性定語從句 Comparision2. The book tells us about Alexander Fleming who discovered penicillin.1. The book tells us about Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin.這本書講述的亞歷山大弗萊明的故事。他發(fā)現(xiàn)盤尼西林。 這本書講述的發(fā)現(xiàn)盤尼西林的亞歷山大弗萊明的故事。(從句為非限制性定語從句，隱含意義為：亞歷山大弗萊明只發(fā)現(xiàn)了盤尼西林。)(從句為限制性定語從句，隱含意義為：亞歷山大弗萊明可能還有

7、其他發(fā)現(xiàn)。)ComparisionThe woman who discovered Artemisinin was awarded the Nobel Prize.Tu Youyou, who discovered Artemisinin , was awarded the Nobel Prize .分析兩種定語從句省略后的結(jié)果限制性定語從句省略后主語所指就不明確，所以不能省略Comparision3. Later, malaria patients most of whom recovered tested the medicine.4. Later, Mr. Wangs, most of

8、whom recovered, tested the medicine. 后來，大部分痊愈的瘧疾病人接種了這種藥。后來，王先生一家人接種了這種藥，他的大部分家人痊愈了。Summary非限制性定語從句的特點常有who, whom, which, whose, as, when, where等關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)。從句只是對先行詞做些附加說明，即使去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。它與主句之間通常用逗號隔開。翻譯時常常不做定語，而是譯成與主句并列的句子。Example1. Tu Youyou was adwarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered one of the h

9、ighest international honours a person can receive.(指代the Nobel Prize) 屠呦呦獲得諾貝爾獎，這個獎被公認(rèn)為是一個人所能獲得的最高級別的國際榮譽(yù)之一。2. Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.(指代 in Hainan) 屠呦呦去海南研究瘧疾病人，在那里瘧疾更普遍。3. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom r

10、ecovered. (指代malaria patients)后來，該藥在瘧疾病人身上測試了，他們大多數(shù)人痊愈了。How to change into non-restrictive relative clauses? 如何變成非限制性定語從句？ Example1. We were very impressed by the old man. He was not willing to acknowledge defeat.2. Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany. Hitler was in power there.We were very imp

11、ressed by the old man, who was not willing to acknowledge defeat.Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany, where(=in Germany) Hitler was in power.the old manHe=?我們對那個老人印象非常深刻，他不愿意承認(rèn)失敗。Germanythere= ?后來，愛因斯坦不得不逃離德國，在那里希特勒掌權(quán)。Practice3. There is nothing we can do to help Linda. Her circumstances are be

12、yond our control.4. The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favorite novelist, J.K. Rowling. It inspired us a lot.There is nothing we can do to help Linda, whose circumstances are beyond our control.The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favorite novelist, J.K. Rowling, which in

13、spired us a lot.她的?_我們幫不了Linda， 她的的境況超出了我們的控制。= ?_老師要求我們聽他最喜愛的小說家J.K. 羅琳的演講，這個（演講）讓我們非常鼓舞。Practice5. The building under construction was designed by I.M. Pei- a famous Chinese-American architect. He was born in Guangzhou, China.6. I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart. It

14、was a big challenge for me.The building under construction was designed by I.M. Pei- a famous Chinese-American architect, who was born in Guangzhou, China.I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart, which was a big challenge for me.= ?_這個正在建的樓是由美籍華人I.M. 裴所設(shè)計的，他生于中國廣州。= ?_Specia

15、l cases運用非限制性定語從句的情況當(dāng)關(guān)系詞指代整個主句內(nèi)容時1. The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much. 小男孩離家一個星期了，這使他的父母很擔(dān)心 2. The book is very touching, as most readers say. 正如大多數(shù)讀者所說的， 這本書很感人。運用非限制性定語從句的情況1. Jinan, which is a nice city, attracts many visitors every day. 濟(jì)南是美麗的城市，每天吸引了很多的游

16、客。2. John Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 約翰史密斯去年退休了，他曾是我的老師。當(dāng)先行詞指的是世界上獨一無二的事物或?qū)Ｓ忻~時。Special cases運用非限制性定語從句的情況當(dāng)先行詞指的是某人只有一個親屬（son, daughter等）1. I have an elder brother, who worked in Beijing. 我有一個哥哥，他在北京工作。（只有一個哥哥）2. Her daughter, who is now studying in New York, graduated from

17、 our school. 她的女兒，是在我們學(xué)校畢業(yè)的，現(xiàn)在正在紐約學(xué)習(xí)。（只有一個女兒） Special casesObservation1. There hasnt been any news about him since he left home, which upsets me. 自從他離開家后就沒有他的任何消息，這使我很不安。 在這里，which 引導(dǎo)的從句，代表前面的整個主句。此時，不能放在主句之前Observation2. Taiwan belongs to China，as everybody knows. =As is known to us, Taiwan belongs

18、 to China. 眾所周知，臺灣屬于中國。 在這里，as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，代表整個主句，可以放在主句之前或之后，as 在從句中作賓語或主語。Summary小結(jié)限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句意義上從句與主句關(guān)系緊湊，從句對先行詞起修飾限定作用，缺少從句會影響句意的完整。功能上結(jié)構(gòu)上從句與主句的關(guān)系相對松散，從句用于補(bǔ)充主句的內(nèi)容和信息，去掉從句不影響句意的完整。修飾先行詞或整個句子1.主句，從句之間多用逗號隔開2. 關(guān)系詞很少可以省略3.不能用that引導(dǎo)修飾先行詞1.沒有停頓，主句與從句之間不用逗號 2.關(guān)系詞若作從句的賓語,可省略.3.可用that 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句和單句的比較2.

19、He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.3. He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.4. He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 5. He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.Thiswhichwhomthem that1. I am reading Harry Porter, _is an interesting book.whichPractice1. The run rises in the east and sets in the we