高中英語必修三 5.3 Discovering Useful Structure 教學(xué)設(shè)計

1、Unit 5 The Value of MoneyPeriod 3 Discovering Useful Structure教學(xué)設(shè)計The theme of the section is “Express modality and talk about future events in the past”. In the daily conversations, the modal verbs are often used to express our emotions or feelings, attitudes, requirements, order, will, advice, int

2、ention, obligation and possibility, etc. So it is necessary for students to guided to learn modal verbs. The part also involves the past future tense, so the structure “would+do” and “was/were going to+ do” needs paying more attention to, which is used to express the future events took place in the

3、past. The past future tense is similar to the the present future tense, which makes it easier to learn and understand.Learn the definition, structure, functions and features of modal verbs and past future tense.Learn to summarize the usage of modal verbs, especially guessing the past events.Learn th

4、e definition, structure, functions and features of modal verbs and past future tense.Learn to summarize the usage of modal verbs, especially guessing the past events. Part A Modal verbsStep 1 Definition of modal verbsAccording the literal interpretation of modal verbs, we can know that its definitio

5、n is: modal verbs means the speakers tone, emotion or attitude to some kind of action and state, expressing requirement, obligation, intention and so on.(望文生義，情態(tài)動詞表示說話人對某一動作和狀態(tài)的情感態(tài)度和語氣, 表示“需要、應(yīng)當(dāng)、可以、必須等。)Step 2 Kind of modal verbs原形過去式詞義can could能；能夠maymight可以；或許；可能must必須；一定是willwould將；將要；愿意shallshou

6、ld應(yīng)該need需要；必要daredared敢；敢于have tohad to不得不；必須ought to應(yīng)該used to過去常常Step 3 Functions of modal verbsUnderline the modal verbs in the following sentences and understand its definition and functions.Roderick: Young man, would you step inside a moment, please ?（表委婉請求）Rodercik: If you dont mind, may I ask

7、you how much money you have ?（表委婉請求）Henry: It may seem lucky to you. Now if youll excuse me, I ought to be on my way. （表推測） (表委婉請求)Roderick: You mustnt think we dont care about you. (表推測)May you have good journey!(表祝愿) Summary: 情態(tài)動詞表示委婉請求，推測、祝愿、建議、意愿、禁止等。Step 4 Basic usage of modal verbs1不能單獨作謂語，除ou

8、ght to和used to以外，后面只能接不帶to的不定式 2沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。但有些情態(tài)動詞，如can，will，dare有一般時和過去時的變化。 3情態(tài)動詞的“時態(tài)”的形式并不是區(qū)分時間的主要標(biāo)志。不少情況下，情態(tài)動詞的現(xiàn)在時形式和過去時形式都可用來表示現(xiàn)在時間、過去時間或?qū)頃r間Step 5 More about modal verbs1can和could (1)表示能力，常譯為“能，會” 例如： I can speak Japanese。but I cant write it我會說日語，但是不會寫 (2)表示允許，常譯為“可以”；could還可以表示更加委婉地請求或許可例如： 一C

9、anCould I have a look at your photos?我可以看看你的照片嗎? 一0f course you can當(dāng)然可以了。 You can smoke in this room你可以在這間屋子里吸煙 (3)表示對現(xiàn)在或過去情況的推測，只用于疑問句或否定句中例如： 一Can she be in the classroom?她可能在教室嗎? 一NO，she cant be in it不，她不可能在教室里。 Can what he said be true?他說的可能是真的嗎? (4)用于肯定的陳述旬中，表示理論上或習(xí)慣上的可能性。例如： Accidents can happ

10、en at any time事故隨時會發(fā)生 It could be very interesting to go out for a drive出去開車兜風(fēng)可能會很有趣 (could比call的可能性小)辨析 can(could)/be able to(1)can只有現(xiàn)在時和過去時could而be able to則有更多的時態(tài)變化，在將來時，完成時和非謂語動詞中只能用be able to。(2)can一般指自身具有的能力。而be able to則表示經(jīng)過一段時間的努力后所具有的能力，相當(dāng)于manage to do或succeed in doing。例如：This time l failed i

11、n the exam，but I11 be able to pass the exam next time這次我考試不及格但下次我能考試及格 (經(jīng)過努力)She said she regretted not being able to use the computer well她說她很后悔不會很好地使用電腦(3)否定結(jié)構(gòu)中was/were able to 與could沒有區(qū)別。例如：She ran fast but she couldnt/wasnt able to catch the bus她跑得很快可還是沒能趕上公共汽車The young man couldnt carry the big

12、 stone 這個年輕人搬不動那塊大石頭。(指本身的能力) 2.maymight (1)表示許可或征詢對方許可，常譯成“可以”。表示征詢許可時，may 可與cancould換用might比may的語氣更委婉一些對其一般疑問句的肯定回答可用may或can否定回答時要用mustnt或cantmustnt表示“不可以”“禁止”之意例如： You may go home now現(xiàn)在你可以回家了 May/ Might I have a word with you? 我可以和你談?wù)剢? 一May 1 come in? 我可以進(jìn)來嗎?一Yes，you maycan.進(jìn)來。一No, you cantmustn

13、t你不能。 (2)may常用于祈使句中表示祝愿例如： May you succeed!祝你成功! May God bless you l!愿上帝保佑你! (3)表示對現(xiàn)在或過去情況的推測，一般只用于肯定句中，may not表示“可能不”之意。might比may可能性小 He may be very busy now他現(xiàn)在可能很忙 一Why hasnt he come?他為什么還沒來? 一He may have missed the train.他可能沒趕上火車吧3will /would (1)表示請求、建議，用于第二人稱疑問勻中would比will語氣更委婉。例如： Will you call

14、 back laterplease?請過一會兒再打過來好嗎? Would you like a cup of coffee?你想來杯咖啡嗎? (2)表示意志、愿望和決心，有“愿；要”之意would表示過去的意愿和決心。例如： 1 will do my best to help you我愿盡我最大努力幫助你 (3)表示習(xí)慣性動作或某種傾向。would表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作或傾向 Oil will float on water油總是浮在水上 On Sunday he would go to the park to play chess以前每到星期天他總是到公園去下棋 (4)(表示功用或能力)能。 T

15、he room will seat 100 persons 這個屋子能坐下100人。 The door wont open這門打不開Exercise: 用may, might, can, could 填空1. They (can/might) _be away for the weekend but Im not sure.(表_)2. You (may/might) _leave now if you wish.(表_)3. (could/may) _you open the window a bit, please?(表_)4. He (can/could) _be from Americ

16、a, judging by his accent.(表_)5. (may/can) _you swim?(表_)6. Listen, please. You (may not/might not) _ speak during this exam.(表_) 7. They (can not/may not) _ still be out, the light is on in the house.(表_)8. You (couldnt/might not) _ smoke on the bus.(表_)9. With luck, tomorrow (can/could) _be a coole

17、r day.(表_)10. You (can/might) _ be right, but Im going back to check it.(表_)Answers: 1. might 表推測2. may 表許可3. could 表請求4. could 表能力5. can 表能力 6. may not 表不允許7. cant 表推測，不可能8. couldnt 表許可9. could 表推測10. might 表推測 4shallshould (1)shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸埵?。例如?What shall we do this evening?

18、我們今晚干什么呢? When shall he be able to leave the hospital?他什么時間能離開醫(yī)院? (2)shall用于第二、第三人稱，表示說話人給對方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。例如： You shall fail if you dont work hard如果你不努力學(xué)習(xí)你會考試不及格 (警告) You shall not leave your post你不得離開崗位。(命令) He shall have the book when I finish reading it當(dāng)我讀完這本書時他可以拿走 (允許) He shall be punished他將受到懲罰

19、(威脅) (3)should表示勸告、建議、命令，其同義詞是ought to；在疑問句中，通常用should代替ought to，意為“應(yīng)該”。(還常用于虛擬語氣中) 例如： You shouldnt have left so soon. 你不應(yīng)當(dāng)走得這么早 Sal suggested that we should go for a swim薩爾建議我們?nèi)ビ斡?(4)should表示推測，可能。這種推測往往有一定的根據(jù)。含有“按道理應(yīng)當(dāng)”之意。例如： They should be at home by now for they have been away for two hours現(xiàn)在他們該

20、到家了，因為他們離開兩個小時了 If the train is on time，she should arrive in Beijing by seven如果火車準(zhǔn)點的話，她應(yīng)該7點前到達(dá)北京。 5mustcant (1)must表示“必須；必要”用于一般疑問句中，肯定回答用must。否定回答要用neednt或dont have to。例如： Must we hand in our exercise today?我們必須今天上交練習(xí)嗎? Yes, you must是的，你們必須。 一No, you needntdont have to不，你們不必。 (2)mustnt表示“不允許；禁止”。例如

21、： You mustnt lend the new book to others你不許把這本新書借給別人。 (3)有時must表示“偏要；硬要；偏偏”，指做令人不快的事情。例如： Must you shout so loudly? 你非要這么大聲嚷嚷嗎? (4)must表示推測時。只能用于肯定句，意為“一定；肯定”。作此解時，must的否定形式不是mustnt，而是cantcouldnt。例如： They must be anxious to know the result他們一定急于知道結(jié)果。 一I think the news must be true 我想這個消息一定是真的一No，it

22、cant be true不，它肯定不是真的。Exercise: 用will, would, shall, should, must 填空1. We _ smoke here, because the worker is carrying some petrol.(表_)2. It is dangerous. You _ leave the room immediately.(表_)3. He _ go hiking with friends at weekends when young.(表_)4. Write to me when you get home. I _.(表_)5.Need I

23、 hand in my exercise book at once? Yes, you_.(表_)6. You have been working all day. You _ be very tired.(表_)7. It is a long time since we met last time. You _ come and see us more often.(表_)8. Why dont you try on this dress? It _ look nice on you.(表_)Answers: 1. mustnt 表禁止2. should 表建議，命令3. would 過去習(xí)

24、慣4. will 表意愿5. must 表必須6. must 表推測7. should 表建議8. will 表將會6need(1) 用作情態(tài)動詞, need意為“需要, 有必要”, 一般用于否定句或疑問句中。疑問句中把need提前, 否定形式是在need后加not。You neednt come here this afternoon. 你今天下午不必來。 用作實意動詞, 意為“需要, 有必要”, 可以用于各種句式中。You dont need to go now. 你不必現(xiàn)在就走。7dare(1) dare作情態(tài)動詞時, 常用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中, 過去式形式為dared。 How

25、 dare you say Im unfair? 你怎么敢說我不公平? He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he? 他不敢在這么多人面前說英語, 是嗎? (2)dare作實義動詞用時, 有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。在肯定句中, dare后面常接帶to的不定式。在疑問句和否定句中, dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。 He doesnt dare (to) answer. 他不敢回答。Exercise: Must I stay here? No, you _. You _not be told twice about one s

26、ingle thing.Sarah doesnt _ hand in her task right now.How _you fight against him? No one _say he had nothing on.I _ to swim across this river Answers: 1. neednt 2. need3. need4. dare5. dare6. dare8.情態(tài)動詞+have done (1)can(could)+have done的疑問或否定形式表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑或否定，另外could have done還表示“過去本能夠做，但實際上未做”。例如：

27、 He cantcouldnt have finished so much work in so short a time 他不可能在這么短的時間內(nèi)完成如此多的工作。 Where cancould they have gone? 他們會到哪去了呢?We could have gone there on footA taxi wasnt necessary at a11本來我們可以走著去那兒根本沒有必要乘出租車 (2)may(might)+have done表示對過去所發(fā)生事情的推測。例如： He may have said so他可能這么說過。 That was too dangerousYo

28、u might have killed yourself那太危險了。你當(dāng)時可能會喪命的 (3)should+have done表示過去本應(yīng)該做而實際上未做，而shouldnt+have done表示過去本不應(yīng)潑做但實際上做了。 例如：You should have started earlier你本應(yīng)該早點動身。 You shouldnt have lent him money yesterday 昨天你本不該把錢借給他。 (4)must+have done表示對過去發(fā)生情況的肯定推測。 例如： It must have rained last night昨晚肯定下雨了Part B The f

29、uture past tenseStep 1 Definition According to the literal interpretation, the definition of the future past tense is: the action or state would take place or happen after a certain past time point, which is often used in the objective clause.（過去將來時表示從過去某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài), 常用在賓語從句中。）Step 2 Structur

30、ewould/should+dowas/were going to +dowas/were about to +dowas/were to+ dowas/were +doing Other forms:肯定結(jié)構(gòu)would/should+doWas/were going to do否定結(jié)構(gòu)1.wouldnt/shouldnt+do2. wasnt/werent going to do一般疑問結(jié)構(gòu)Would/Should主語doWas/Were 主語 going to do特殊疑問結(jié)構(gòu)特殊疑問詞would/should主語do特殊疑問詞was/were 主語 going to do She wou

31、ld not go with us.（否定句）Would she not go with us ?(一般疑問句）What would be their ideas?(特殊疑問句） She was going to Beijing.（否定句）Were they going to launch the satellite after that accident ?(一般疑問句）What was Sal going to do if they answered his requirement ?(特殊疑問句）Step 3 Meaning 1. 過去將來時表示從過去某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài), 常用在賓語從句中。一般由“would/should +動詞原形”構(gòu)成。She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望將來有一天他們能再見面。 2. was/were going to+動詞原形: 表示過去將要發(fā)生或很有可能發(fā)生的動作,