定語(yǔ)從句與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞演示教學(xué)

1、定語(yǔ)從句與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞精品資料二定語(yǔ)從句：定語(yǔ)從句三步：第一找出先行詞（被修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞）；第二看從句缺少什么成份 （如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)）；第三選擇合適的引導(dǎo)詞。從句中所缺成份指人指物主語(yǔ)thatwhothatwhich賓語(yǔ)(thatwho whom)(thatwhich)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)when =相應(yīng)的介詞 + which地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)Where =相應(yīng)的介詞 + which-的whose 或 of which注意：引導(dǎo)詞在介詞后，指人只能用whom指物只能用 which高考對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查常涉及以下幾個(gè)方面：【考點(diǎn)6】正確區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)；理解關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句

2、中的作用；特別注意指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容的關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，從意義上來(lái)說(shuō)，是對(duì)主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，從結(jié)構(gòu)上來(lái)看，先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，He makes great progress in his Englishlearning, which makes his mother very happy.I shall never forget the day _ Shenzhou V was launched, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when; whichB. that; whichC. which; that

3、D. when; that (2004 北京東城 )【考點(diǎn) 7】關(guān)系代詞 that ， who， which 以及 as 的用法區(qū)別。指人時(shí)常只用who 不用 that 的情況；指物時(shí)只用 which 不用 that 的情況；只用 that 不用 which 的情況；關(guān)系代詞 as與 which 的用法區(qū)別；the same that 與the same as 的區(qū)別 :1 其中 that, who(whom) ，都可以指人，那么他們?cè)谥溉藭r(shí)有什么區(qū)別呢。 本條記憶技巧：用who 不用 that的情況“ there be ”，“ones， anyone， nobody, those 被分”割。

4、 那里有 (there) 很多萬(wàn) (one)被那些人 (those)分割。 先行詞為 those, one, anyone, nobody 等詞時(shí)，用 who 不用 that,例如： The one who knows me well is Tom. 在分隔型定語(yǔ)從句中 ，若先行詞是人，用 who 不用 that, 例：A new teacher will come who will teach you German.在本句中，先行詞“teacher和”修飾限定它的從句“who will teach you German分”離，所以我們用who 不用 that。先行詞為 “ there be”

5、結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，例如There is a man who wants to see you.在本句子當(dāng)中 a man 是 There is a man 這句當(dāng)中的主語(yǔ)，所以用 who 不用 that 2 其中， that 和 which 都可以指物，它們?cè)谥肝飼r(shí)的區(qū)別：用 that 不用 which 先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí),序數(shù)詞 ,all, every, little, no, any, much, the only, the very, the last等修飾時(shí)，例如：I have read all the books that you gave me. 先行詞為all, few, noth

6、ing, everything, little, much等不定代詞時(shí)：He did all that he could do to help us. 主語(yǔ)以 who 或 which 開(kāi)頭時(shí)Who is the man that just called you just now? 關(guān)系代詞在從句中做表語(yǔ)時(shí)China is not the country that is was. 既指人又指物時(shí)He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除謝謝 2精品資料2, 先行詞表示物時(shí), 用

7、which 不用 that 的情況 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),例如 :She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart to her mouth. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),例如 :He wrote a book in which he could learn about his life.在上一例句中,引導(dǎo)詞 “ which作”了介詞 “ in的”賓語(yǔ) ,所以不可以用“ that代”替 .關(guān)于 as1 在一些結(jié)構(gòu)，如“ such as ”“ the same as ”等結(jié)“構(gòu)as中，定as語(yǔ)”從句的引導(dǎo)詞經(jīng)常要用到as，例如This is n

8、ot such a book as I expected.the same as和 the same that 的區(qū)別。例句：This is the same tool as I used last time.This is the same tool that I used last time.在例句中，第一句的意思是這個(gè)工具和我上次用的一樣，但是第二句的意思是這就是我上次用的工具2 as 和 which 的比較相同點(diǎn) ：兩者都可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞都可以是整個(gè)句子，都可以在從句中做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)。不同點(diǎn) : as 引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在句首和句尾，而which 引導(dǎo)的從句只可放在句尾

9、。as 還有正如、正象的意思。As Marx pointed out, labor created man himself.當(dāng)先行詞，雖然表示時(shí)間地點(diǎn)，但是引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不是做狀語(yǔ)，而是做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用when, where 引導(dǎo)，而只能用 that, which 等引導(dǎo)。比較以下兩個(gè)句字：I will never forget the days when I first went to Beijing .I will never forget the days that (which) we spent togetherThere is no such place _ you dream o

10、f in all this world. (2004北京西城 5 月)A. thatB. whatC. whichD. as【考點(diǎn) 8】區(qū)別 that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與 that 引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。 that 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)， that 是純連詞，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分； that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)， that 是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)等。比較：The news that they had won the game arrived soon.The news that you told me yesterday is true. Is this the reason _ at the

11、 meeting for his carelessness in his work?(2002上海春季 )A. he explainedB. what he explainedC. how he explainedD. why he explained【考點(diǎn) 9】定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須與先行詞在人稱(chēng)與數(shù)上保持一致。He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship in three years.A. isB. areC. have beenD. has been(2002 上海春季 )【考點(diǎn) 10】在先行詞為 time

12、 ，place， reason 時(shí)，?？捎?that 代替 when，where， why ，并常常省去。如： That was the reason (that) / why / for which he left home.What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.(2004 湖北 )A. the wayB. in the way thatC. in the wayD. the way which【考點(diǎn) 11】定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)特別注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題關(guān)系代詞 which例 1 The Greens will move into th

13、e new house next Monday, it will be completely finished A by the timeB by which timeC thatD which僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除謝謝 3精品資料例 2 Water boils at 100, it changes to gasA at which temperatureB at whichC by which temperatureD by which析： which 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在從句中除了作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)外，還可以作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞，常用于“介詞which名詞 ”結(jié)構(gòu)中，相當(dāng)于 “and介詞

14、 this that名詞 ”。所以例 1 選 B；例 2 選 A 。關(guān)系副詞 when例 1 Could you suggest a time it would fit you to visit us and try out the machine例 2 Think of a time you were happiest(Senior3,L93)例 3 There was a time all scientists were willing to share their results（ Senior3,L3）A that B when C which D where析：當(dāng)先行詞為a time

15、(一段時(shí)間 )時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞常用when，而不采用 that，故以上例題均選 B。在我們課本中類(lèi)似的句子還有：This was at a time when there was no radio, TV orcinema (Senior2,L70) It s about a time when there were black slaves in North America(Senior1,L53)關(guān)系代詞 but例： There is no one wishes peaceA whoB butC thatD whom析：本題句意為 “沒(méi)有人不希望和平。 ” but作關(guān)系代詞，在定語(yǔ)

16、從句中作主語(yǔ)。but 相當(dāng)于 who thatdont doesnt，but 本身含有否定意義。故本題選B。定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句及其他從句的混合例 1 It was in the small house was built with stones by his father he spent his childhoodA which thatB that whereC which whichD where that析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句的主句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，第一空應(yīng)由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞house。故本題選 A 。僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除謝謝 4精品資料例 2The mee

17、ting was put off, was exactly we wantedAwhichwhichBasthatCwhichwhatDitthat析：由題意可知，第一空應(yīng)由關(guān)系代詞which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，第二空應(yīng)由what 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。故本題選 C。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法對(duì)比知識(shí)要點(diǎn)：1、動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)往往表示普通的、一般的行為，不定式做主語(yǔ)常表示某次具體的行為。例如：Collecting information about children s health is his收job集有.關(guān)兒童健康的信息是他的工作。It s necessarytodiscuss the problem wi

18、th an experienced teacher與.一位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老師討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題是有必要的。2、常用不定式做主語(yǔ)的句型有：1）It s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do2）It s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do.3、常用動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)的句型有：It s no good (use, fun) doing.It s (a) waste of time（one）s doing.It s wor

19、th while ingdo.4、動(dòng)名詞作 need, want, require, be worth的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用主動(dòng)式代替被動(dòng)式。The washing-machine needs repairing（.或用： needs to be repaired）這臺(tái)洗衣機(jī)需要修理。The point wants referring to. 這一點(diǎn)要提到。This English novel is worth reading. 這本英文小說(shuō)值得一讀。The situation in Russian required studying.俄國(guó)形式需要研究。5、 有些動(dòng)詞后面既可跟動(dòng)詞不定式，又可跟動(dòng)名詞作

20、賓語(yǔ)，注意它們的不同意思。rememberdoing sthto do sth記得做過(guò)某事，（動(dòng)作已記得去做某事（動(dòng)作未發(fā)僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除謝謝 5精品資料發(fā)生）生）forget忘了做過(guò)某事（動(dòng)作已發(fā)忘了去做某事（動(dòng)作未發(fā)生）生）regret后悔過(guò)去做過(guò)的事遺憾地去做事mean意味著做某事意欲、打算做某事try試著做某事（看會(huì)發(fā)生什努力、設(shè)法、企圖做某事么）stop停止做某事停下來(lái)去做另一事go on繼續(xù)原來(lái)的事接著做另一件事can t help禁不住、情不自禁地做無(wú)法幫助去做某事某事learn學(xué)會(huì)做某事學(xué)著、開(kāi)始學(xué)做某事need /某事需要被做（ = to be需要做某事

21、（主動(dòng)意want/requiredone）思）6、不定式做定語(yǔ)放在所修飾的名詞后，表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：He had a lot of work to do. 他有很多活要干。7、動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：動(dòng)名詞做定語(yǔ)說(shuō)明所修飾名詞的用途；現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)，表示所修飾名詞正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。a walking stick 拐杖（動(dòng)名詞做定語(yǔ)，意為a stick for walking ）a sleeping car臥鋪車(chē)廂（動(dòng)名詞做定語(yǔ)，意為a car for sleeping）the rising sun 正在升起的太陽(yáng)（現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)，意為the sun which was rising）the changing world 變化中的世界（現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)，意為the world which is changing）8、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)表示完成或被動(dòng) 的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行 的動(dòng)作。如：a flying birdthe running watera well dressed woman衣著講究的女士（意同a woman who is dressed well）a car parked at the gate停在門(mén)口的小汽車(chē)（意同a car