DB23∕T 3326-2022 基于區(qū)塊鏈數(shù)據(jù)價(jià)值分析指南

1、ICS35.240CCSL67DB23黑 龍 江 省 地 方 標(biāo) 準(zhǔn)DB23/T33262022基于區(qū)塊鏈數(shù)據(jù)價(jià)值分析指南Blockchain based data value analysis guidelines2022-08-22發(fā)布2022-09-21實(shí)施黑龍江省市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理局 發(fā)布DB23/T33262022目次前言.II1范圍.12規(guī)范性引用文件.13術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義.14基本原則.25基礎(chǔ)保障.26數(shù)據(jù)價(jià)值.37場(chǎng)景應(yīng)用.4附錄A（資料性）涉及數(shù)據(jù)和區(qū)塊鏈有關(guān)的術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義.7參考文獻(xiàn).22IDB23/T33262022前言本文件按照GB/T1.12020化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)

2、和起草規(guī)則的規(guī)定起草。請(qǐng)注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識(shí)別專利的責(zé)任。本文件由黑龍江省工業(yè)和信息化廳提出并歸口。本文件起草單位：黑龍江省運(yùn)通科技有限公司。本文件主要起草人：呂翔宇、王業(yè)光、王國(guó)輝、許加利、田鑫、李颯。IIDB23/T33262022基于區(qū)塊鏈數(shù)據(jù)價(jià)值分析指南1范圍本文件給出了基于區(qū)塊鏈數(shù)據(jù)價(jià)值分析的術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義、基本原則、基礎(chǔ)保障、數(shù)據(jù)價(jià)值、場(chǎng)景應(yīng)用。本文件適用于基于區(qū)塊鏈的應(yīng)用，分析和挖掘存在的數(shù)據(jù)價(jià)值。2規(guī)范性引用文件本文件沒有規(guī)范性引用文件。3術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義ISO22738-2020界定的以及下列術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義適用于本文件。3.13.2區(qū)塊block一種區(qū)

3、塊鏈的基本組成單元，通常由一系列交易和一些關(guān)于區(qū)塊的元信息組成。來(lái)源：ISO22738:2020，3.2，有修改3.33.4區(qū)塊鏈blockchain一種將數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)塊順序相連，并通過(guò)共識(shí)協(xié)議、數(shù)字簽名、雜湊函數(shù)等密碼學(xué)方式保證的抗篡改和不可偽造的分布式賬本。來(lái)源：ISO22739：2020，3.6，有修改3.53.6節(jié)點(diǎn)node具有特定功能的區(qū)塊鏈組件，可獨(dú)立運(yùn)行的單元。來(lái)源：ISO22739：2020，3.50，有修改3.73.8地址address節(jié)點(diǎn)在區(qū)塊鏈中的標(biāo)識(shí)，具有唯一性。3.93.10交易transaction區(qū)塊鏈雙方或多方參與，并且會(huì)發(fā)生狀態(tài)變更的一種基本區(qū)塊組成單元。來(lái)源：IS

4、O22739：2020，3.77，有修改3.113.12用戶user參與產(chǎn)生區(qū)塊鏈交易數(shù)據(jù)的個(gè)人、組織或進(jìn)程。來(lái)源：ISO22739：2020，3.2，有修改3.133.14共識(shí)consensus1DB23/T33262022在分布式節(jié)點(diǎn)間達(dá)成區(qū)塊數(shù)據(jù)一致性的認(rèn)可。3.153.16共識(shí)節(jié)點(diǎn)consensusnode負(fù)責(zé)產(chǎn)生區(qū)塊，并維護(hù)區(qū)塊鏈數(shù)據(jù)的節(jié)點(diǎn)。節(jié)點(diǎn)保存著自己的一份或者部分賬本，通過(guò)投票或者算力等方式來(lái)解決共識(shí)問題，在無(wú)信任或弱信任的方式下確保全體節(jié)點(diǎn)遵循的賬本和自己的賬本是一致的。3.173.18共識(shí)協(xié)議consensusprotocol區(qū)塊鏈中通過(guò)數(shù)學(xué)算法實(shí)現(xiàn)不同節(jié)點(diǎn)之間對(duì)記賬內(nèi)容達(dá)

5、成一致的方法，是區(qū)塊鏈確認(rèn)世界狀態(tài)，節(jié)點(diǎn)間建立信任、協(xié)同合作的基礎(chǔ)。4基本原則4.1去中心化區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)不依賴額外的第三方管理機(jī)構(gòu)或硬件設(shè)施，沒有中心管制，除自成一體的區(qū)塊鏈本身，通過(guò)分布式核算和存儲(chǔ)，各個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)負(fù)責(zé)產(chǎn)生區(qū)塊共識(shí)節(jié)點(diǎn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)信息自我驗(yàn)證、傳遞和管理。4.2開放性區(qū)塊鏈基礎(chǔ)技術(shù)是開源的，在共識(shí)協(xié)議的基礎(chǔ)上，除了交易各方的私有信息被加密外，區(qū)塊鏈的數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)所有人開放，任何人都可以通過(guò)公開的接口查詢區(qū)塊鏈數(shù)據(jù)和開發(fā)相關(guān)應(yīng)用，因此整個(gè)系統(tǒng)信息高度透明。4.3獨(dú)立性基于協(xié)商一致的規(guī)范和共識(shí)協(xié)議(如比特幣采用的哈希算法等各種數(shù)學(xué)算法)，整個(gè)區(qū)塊鏈系統(tǒng)不依賴其他第三方，所有節(jié)點(diǎn)能夠在系統(tǒng)內(nèi)自動(dòng)安全地

6、驗(yàn)證、交換數(shù)據(jù)，不需要任何人為的干預(yù)。4.4安全性主觀人為的數(shù)據(jù)變更者較難做到控制全部數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)的51%以上，即無(wú)法肆意操控修改網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)，確保區(qū)塊鏈本身變得相對(duì)安全。4.5匿名性除非有法律規(guī)范要求，單從技術(shù)上來(lái)講，各區(qū)塊節(jié)點(diǎn)的身份信息不需要公開或驗(yàn)證，信息傳遞可以匿名進(jìn)行。5基礎(chǔ)保障5.1制度建設(shè)建立區(qū)塊鏈信息服務(wù)提供者的信息安全管理責(zé)任制，制定和公開管理規(guī)則和平臺(tái)公約，落實(shí)真實(shí)身份信息認(rèn)證制度，規(guī)避區(qū)塊鏈信息服務(wù)安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。5.2主體責(zé)任2DB23/T33262022樹立區(qū)塊鏈信息服務(wù)提供者的安全責(zé)任意識(shí)，建立信息安全管理主體責(zé)任制，配備與其服務(wù)相適應(yīng)的技術(shù)條件。5.3技術(shù)保障5.3.1區(qū)塊鏈系

7、統(tǒng)宜采用的對(duì)稱密碼算法、非對(duì)稱密碼算法等，見GB/T32905、GB/T32907和GB/T32918以及相應(yīng)的國(guó)際的要求。5.3.2區(qū)塊鏈框架見GB/T17901.1的規(guī)定，運(yùn)行環(huán)境見GB/T22239三級(jí)及以上的要求。5.3.3技術(shù)密鑰管理，包括但不限于：對(duì)稱密鑰、非對(duì)稱密鑰、群密鑰以及密鑰派生等見GB/T17901.3的要求。5.3.4采用的密碼模塊見GB/T37092-2018二級(jí)及以上的要求，密碼模塊安全檢測(cè)要求見GB/T38625的要求，公鑰基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的符合性測(cè)評(píng)見GB/T30272。5.3.5區(qū)塊鏈運(yùn)維管理中的身份認(rèn)證與權(quán)限管理、密鑰管理等工作的安全運(yùn)維見GB/T22239、GB/

8、T36626和ISOTR23244-2020的要求。5.3.6實(shí)體鑒別見GB/T15843系列算法。5.3.7區(qū)塊鏈中的可信時(shí)間源見GBT20520的要求。5.3.8隨機(jī)數(shù)生成和敏感安全參數(shù)生成見GB/T37092的要求，隨機(jī)序列生成見GB/T32915的要求。6數(shù)據(jù)價(jià)值6.1概述區(qū)塊鏈數(shù)據(jù)具有“不可偽造”“全程留痕”“可以追溯”“公開透明”“集體維護(hù)”等特征。區(qū)塊鏈數(shù)據(jù)一旦在鏈上進(jìn)行存儲(chǔ)，即無(wú)法篡改，并支持在數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)上進(jìn)行查驗(yàn)和安全共享，提高系統(tǒng)參與方的協(xié)作效率。每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)中都存有整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的所有數(shù)據(jù)，增加新的數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)塊，需要經(jīng)過(guò)這些節(jié)點(diǎn)的交叉驗(yàn)證，保障數(shù)據(jù)的真實(shí)性。注：區(qū)塊鏈和分布式分類帳技術(shù)系

9、統(tǒng)中智能合約的概述和交互見ISOTR23455-2019的規(guī)定，區(qū)塊鏈數(shù)字資產(chǎn)保管人的安全管理見ISOTR23576-2020。6.2無(wú)形要素由經(jīng)濟(jì)責(zé)任、持續(xù)發(fā)展責(zé)任、法律責(zé)任和道德責(zé)任等構(gòu)成的無(wú)形要素價(jià)值，包括但不限于：社會(huì)責(zé)任，包括企業(yè)環(huán)境保護(hù)、安全生產(chǎn)、社會(huì)道德以及公共利益等方面的數(shù)據(jù)價(jià)值挖掘與分析；知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，包括版權(quán)與鄰接權(quán)、商標(biāo)權(quán)、地理標(biāo)志權(quán)、工業(yè)品外觀設(shè)計(jì)權(quán)、專利權(quán)、集成電路布圖設(shè)計(jì)權(quán)、未披露過(guò)的信息專有權(quán)的數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)與價(jià)值分析；品牌管理，包括品牌文化、品牌歷史、品牌戰(zhàn)略、品牌知名度、品牌忠誠(chéng)度等；商業(yè)秘密等。6.3質(zhì)量要素由基本概念、驗(yàn)證過(guò)程、驗(yàn)證工具、應(yīng)用案例等保證數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量要素

10、價(jià)值，包括但不限于：質(zhì)量管理，包括數(shù)據(jù)規(guī)范管理、信息分專業(yè)管理、數(shù)據(jù)核查管理、通知預(yù)警管理和質(zhì)量統(tǒng)計(jì)分析等功能；質(zhì)量，包括數(shù)據(jù)的精度、準(zhǔn)確性、關(guān)聯(lián)性、及時(shí)性。3DB23/T332620226.4服務(wù)要素區(qū)塊鏈數(shù)據(jù)作為服務(wù)要素，具有無(wú)消耗性、增值性、依附性、全面性的特點(diǎn)，其價(jià)值運(yùn)用，包括但不限于：服務(wù)保障，包括用戶數(shù)據(jù)安全性、隱私性、存儲(chǔ)容量、存儲(chǔ)設(shè)施、儲(chǔ)存時(shí)效性等；服務(wù)過(guò)程，包括管理人員、服務(wù)界面等；服務(wù)結(jié)果，包括滿意度、服務(wù)改進(jìn)等。6.5創(chuàng)新要素區(qū)塊鏈數(shù)據(jù)作為重要的生產(chǎn)要素與資源，具備創(chuàng)新的動(dòng)力，是企業(yè)核心的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，運(yùn)用數(shù)據(jù)作為可信的基礎(chǔ)，包括但不限于：研發(fā)管理，包括完善現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品或開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品

11、、新過(guò)程、新組織模式與新市場(chǎng)；戰(zhàn)略機(jī)制，包括目標(biāo)定位、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)換、制定固化成果等；創(chuàng)新管理，包括企業(yè)管理、政府監(jiān)管、社會(huì)管理等；創(chuàng)新能力，包括基于區(qū)塊鏈數(shù)據(jù)分析能力、市場(chǎng)拓展應(yīng)用能力、創(chuàng)新投入能力等。7場(chǎng)景應(yīng)用7.1物聯(lián)網(wǎng)和物流領(lǐng)域利用散狀網(wǎng)絡(luò)分層結(jié)構(gòu)，將整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的信息通過(guò)結(jié)點(diǎn)連接，實(shí)現(xiàn)全面、準(zhǔn)確、可檢驗(yàn)的傳遞過(guò)程，價(jià)值優(yōu)勢(shì)包括但不限于：通過(guò)區(qū)塊鏈數(shù)據(jù)錄入層、網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信層、數(shù)據(jù)安全與隱私保護(hù)層、共識(shí)層、智能合約層、應(yīng)用層等功能性層級(jí)達(dá)到全程留痕，使物品的生產(chǎn)和運(yùn)送過(guò)程具有可追溯性，保證數(shù)據(jù)不可偽造，實(shí)現(xiàn)集體維護(hù)，降低物流成本，實(shí)現(xiàn)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)交易便利化、智能化的數(shù)據(jù)要素價(jià)值；通過(guò)大數(shù)據(jù)自動(dòng)篩選過(guò)濾物

12、聯(lián)網(wǎng)交易，在區(qū)塊鏈中建立信用資源模式，保證數(shù)據(jù)交易的安全性，實(shí)現(xiàn)應(yīng)用智能物流模式節(jié)約時(shí)間成本的數(shù)據(jù)要素價(jià)值；通過(guò)區(qū)塊鏈節(jié)點(diǎn)在整個(gè)區(qū)塊鏈體系中的獨(dú)立性和非干擾性，實(shí)現(xiàn)智能物流分散用戶對(duì)拓展和集體數(shù)據(jù)的共同維護(hù)；通過(guò)支持核心信息與智能設(shè)備關(guān)聯(lián)共同識(shí)別，設(shè)置預(yù)先定義的規(guī)則，對(duì)其進(jìn)行編程后，實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)差錯(cuò)、防篡改執(zhí)行的數(shù)據(jù)要素價(jià)值。7.2金融領(lǐng)域區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)憑借其應(yīng)用優(yōu)勢(shì)，包括但不限于：通過(guò)共同協(xié)議直接連通付款方銀行與接收方銀行數(shù)據(jù)，繞過(guò)中轉(zhuǎn)銀行，減少中轉(zhuǎn)費(fèi)用支出，滿足客戶對(duì)金融服務(wù)及時(shí)性、便捷性的需求，實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)要素價(jià)值；實(shí)現(xiàn)全天候支付、實(shí)時(shí)到賬、提現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)便，消滅大量的隱性成本，降低跨境支付結(jié)算風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)

13、要素價(jià)值；通過(guò)將限定用戶名冊(cè)置于區(qū)塊鏈進(jìn)行管理，實(shí)現(xiàn)限定用戶用電子簽名在區(qū)塊鏈簽訂股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的電子合同，即由區(qū)塊鏈保證貨銀對(duì)付，實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)流轉(zhuǎn)價(jià)值；4DB23/T33262022在股權(quán)眾籌型企業(yè)中，利用區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)，眾籌投資者可實(shí)現(xiàn)在線上完成股權(quán)登記的所有電子合同及再次轉(zhuǎn)讓合同，提供良好的股權(quán)眾籌退出機(jī)制，實(shí)現(xiàn)便利的、真實(shí)傳遞的數(shù)據(jù)要素價(jià)值；在進(jìn)行員工持股激勵(lì)方面，利用區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)，公司可以把股權(quán)、期權(quán)、限制性股權(quán)、分紅權(quán)等各種權(quán)益在一個(gè)去中心化的區(qū)塊鏈系統(tǒng)里管理起來(lái)，增加員工對(duì)自己權(quán)益的掌控權(quán)。7.3數(shù)據(jù)存證區(qū)塊鏈上數(shù)據(jù)被確權(quán)后，后續(xù)交易都會(huì)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)記錄，實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)字版權(quán)全生命周期管理，包括但不限于：通

14、過(guò)區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)對(duì)作品進(jìn)行鑒權(quán)，證明文字、視頻、音頻等作品的存在，保證權(quán)屬的真實(shí)性、唯一性；通過(guò)將合同、文檔數(shù)據(jù)記錄到區(qū)塊鏈上，可向外界證明在某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，該合同、文檔的存在性；文件的數(shù)據(jù)記錄置于區(qū)塊鏈上，未來(lái)可以通過(guò)校驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)指紋判斷這份文件是否被篡改過(guò)。7.4溯源、防偽與供應(yīng)鏈通過(guò)對(duì)每一次流轉(zhuǎn)的登記，追蹤記錄有形商品或無(wú)形信息的流轉(zhuǎn)鏈條，實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)地追溯、防偽鑒證，包括但不限于：通過(guò)溯源信息系統(tǒng)安全平穩(wěn)且高效率的運(yùn)作，支持優(yōu)化服務(wù)供應(yīng)鏈目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)；支持藥品溯源、藝術(shù)品防偽、奢侈品防偽等，提供可靠的交易。7.5保險(xiǎn)區(qū)塊鏈在保險(xiǎn)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用優(yōu)勢(shì)，包括但不限于：區(qū)塊鏈可實(shí)現(xiàn)信息的全程可追溯，信息不被調(diào)取時(shí)處于

15、無(wú)標(biāo)識(shí)狀態(tài)，觸發(fā)時(shí)能快速準(zhǔn)確調(diào)取，高效的解決索賠，避免通過(guò)身份欺騙、數(shù)據(jù)抵賴導(dǎo)致的保險(xiǎn)欺詐；通過(guò)區(qū)塊鏈的共識(shí)協(xié)議技術(shù)，保險(xiǎn)公司可實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)精準(zhǔn)分析，觸發(fā)自動(dòng)理賠行為。7.6醫(yī)療區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)能為醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)解決大量敏感信息保存的問題，包括但不限于：病史記錄；疾病的支付信息；疾病的治療過(guò)程；安全和隱私的存儲(chǔ)。7.7預(yù)測(cè)市場(chǎng)區(qū)塊鏈預(yù)測(cè)市場(chǎng)應(yīng)用的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，包括但不限于：無(wú)中心化服務(wù)器，難以被關(guān)閉；用戶可以創(chuàng)造自己的交易市場(chǎng)；低成本運(yùn)營(yíng)，低費(fèi)率；眾包型的結(jié)果判斷；安全以及自動(dòng)化的支付。5DB23/T332620227.8公共服務(wù)領(lǐng)域區(qū)塊鏈在公共管理、能源、交通等與民眾生產(chǎn)生活領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮社會(huì)責(zé)任的基礎(chǔ)作用，包括但不限于

16、：通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中各個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸服務(wù)就能實(shí)現(xiàn)域名的查詢和解析；確保某個(gè)重要的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的操作系統(tǒng)和固件沒有被篡改；可以監(jiān)控軟件的狀態(tài)和完整性，發(fā)現(xiàn)不良的篡改；確保傳輸?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)沒用經(jīng)過(guò)篡改。7.9公益領(lǐng)域區(qū)塊鏈存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)捐贈(zèng)項(xiàng)目、募集明細(xì)、資金流向、受助人反饋等公益流程，具有不可偽造、全程留痕、可以追溯、公開透明、集體維護(hù)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，包括但不限于：可靠性高且不可篡改；在社會(huì)公益場(chǎng)景中，可以有條件地進(jìn)行透明公開公示，方便社會(huì)監(jiān)督。6DB23/T33262022附錄A附錄 B（資料性）附錄 C涉及數(shù)據(jù)和區(qū)塊鏈有關(guān)的術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義表A.1給出了涉及數(shù)據(jù)和區(qū)塊鏈有關(guān)的術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義，并給出相關(guān)參考譯文。表A.1涉

17、及數(shù)據(jù)和區(qū)塊鏈有關(guān)的術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義中文英文過(guò)程process使用輸入來(lái)交付預(yù)期結(jié)果的一組相互關(guān)聯(lián)或相set of interrelated or interacting activities that use inputs todeliver an intended result互作用的活動(dòng)要求requirement明示的、暗示的或強(qiáng)制性的需要或期望need or expectation that is stated, generally implied orobligatory質(zhì)量quality對(duì)象的一組固有特性滿足要求的程度degree to which a set of inherent c

18、haracteristics of anobject fulfils requirements不一致nonconformity不滿足要求non-fulfilment of a requirementinformation信息關(guān)于對(duì)象的知識(shí)，如事實(shí)、事件、事物、過(guò)程，knowledge concerning objects, such as facts, events,things, processes, or ideas, including concepts, that within acertain context has a particular meaning或在特定上下文中具有特定含

19、義的概念數(shù)據(jù)data一種形式化的可再解釋的信息表示方式，以適用于通信、解釋或處理reinterpretable representation of information in aformalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation,or processing數(shù)據(jù)交換data exchange數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ)、訪問、傳輸和歸檔數(shù)據(jù)集storing, accessing, transferring, and archiving of datadata set邏輯上有意義的數(shù)據(jù)分組元數(shù)據(jù)logically meaningful grou

20、ping of datametadata定義和描述其他數(shù)據(jù)的數(shù)據(jù)客觀證據(jù)data defining and describing other dataobjective evidence支持某事物存在或真實(shí)性的數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)識(shí)符data supporting the existence or verity of somethingidentifier由組織創(chuàng)建以引用數(shù)據(jù)集的字符串string of characters created by an organization to referencea data set7DB23/T33262022標(biāo)識(shí)符解析identifier resolutionpr

21、ocess that, when applied to an identifier, returns an當(dāng)應(yīng)用于標(biāo)識(shí)符時(shí)，返回相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)集的過(guò)程associated data setentity實(shí)體所考慮領(lǐng)域中的具體或抽象事物concrete or abstract thing in the domain underconsideration組織標(biāo)識(shí)符organization identifier可以明確解析為組織的法定名稱、位置和管理員reference that can be resolved unambiguously to the legalname, the location and

22、 the administrator of the organizationlegal entity的參考標(biāo)識(shí)符法人實(shí)體由國(guó)家、州或社區(qū)的管理機(jī)構(gòu)授予法律地位的自physical or juridical person granted legal status by thegoverning body of a nation, state or communityauthoritative identifier然人或法人權(quán)威標(biāo)識(shí)符標(biāo)識(shí)符由組織發(fā)布，該組織是已識(shí)別對(duì)象的發(fā)起identifier issued by an organization that is the originator of

23、the object identified or that is a legal authorityauthoritative legal entity identifier者或法定機(jī)構(gòu)權(quán)威法人標(biāo)識(shí)識(shí)別法人實(shí)體的標(biāo)識(shí)符，由行政機(jī)構(gòu)為有權(quán)授予ALEI法律地位的國(guó)家、州或社區(qū)的管理機(jī)構(gòu)頒發(fā)identifier that identifies a legal entity and is issued by theadministrative agency for a governing body of the nation, state,or community with the authority

24、 to grant legal statusproxy identifier代理標(biāo)識(shí)符由非標(biāo)識(shí)對(duì)象發(fā)起者的組織發(fā)布的標(biāo)識(shí)符identifier issued by an organization that is not theoriginator of the object identified代理法人實(shí)體標(biāo)識(shí)符proxy legal entity identifier識(shí)別法人實(shí)體的標(biāo)識(shí)符，由非政府行政機(jī)構(gòu)的組織頒發(fā)，因此無(wú)權(quán)授予法律地位identifier that identifies a legal entity and is issued by anorganization that

25、is not the administrative agency for agovernment and, thus, has no authority to grant legal statusvital record重要記錄政府授權(quán)保存的生活事件記錄record of life events kept under governmental authorityfree decoding免費(fèi)解碼標(biāo)識(shí)符解析，無(wú)需支付費(fèi)用，即可返回關(guān)聯(lián)的數(shù)identifier resolution that, without the need to pay a fee,returns an associated

26、data set據(jù)集付費(fèi)的解碼fee-based decoding標(biāo)識(shí)符解析，只有在支付費(fèi)用后，才能返回相關(guān)identifier resolution that, only after paying a fee, returnsan associated data set的數(shù)據(jù)集免費(fèi)編碼free encoding無(wú)需付費(fèi)，使用術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)概念標(biāo)識(shí)符without the need to pay a fee, using terms and definitionsto discover concept identifiers8DB23/T33262022測(cè)量measure確定或確定某物的大小

27、或數(shù)量ascertain or determine the magnitude or quantity ofsomething測(cè)量結(jié)果measurement測(cè)量某物的結(jié)果result of measuring somethingmeasurement datadata representing a measurementmeasurement requirement測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)代表測(cè)量值的數(shù)據(jù)測(cè)量要求對(duì)如何測(cè)量的文字描述，包括控制測(cè)試和要textual description of how a criterion is measured,including any necessary additi

28、onal attributes and rules tocontrol the test and the element or elements to be tested, andwhich plays the role of an external specification for a reliablemeasuring algorithm測(cè)試的一個(gè)或多個(gè)元素的任何必要的附加屬性和規(guī)則，起到可靠測(cè)量算法的外部規(guī)范作用產(chǎn)品product由自然或人工過(guò)程產(chǎn)生的東西或物質(zhì)thing or substance produced by a natural or artificialprocess產(chǎn)品

29、數(shù)據(jù)product data以一種適合人類或計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行交流、解釋或處理的正式方式表示有關(guān)產(chǎn)品的信息representation of information about a product in a formalmanner suitable for communication, interpretation, orprocessing by human beings or by computersapplication應(yīng)用創(chuàng)建、使用產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)的一個(gè)或多個(gè)過(guò)程應(yīng)用協(xié)議one or more processes creating or using product dataapplication p

30、rotocol指定了滿足特定應(yīng)用范圍和信息要求的解釋模型APspecifies an application interpreted model satisfying thescope and information requirements for a specific applicationapplication reference model應(yīng)用參考模型描述應(yīng)用程序協(xié)議或模塊內(nèi)應(yīng)用程序的信息要求和約束的信息模型ARMinformation model that describes the informationrequirements and constraints of an appl

31、ication within anapplication protocol or module數(shù)據(jù)字典條目data dictionary entry對(duì)至少包含明確標(biāo)識(shí)符、術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義的實(shí)體類型的描述description of an entity type containing, at a minimum, anunambiguous identifier, a term and a definition9DB23/T33262022數(shù)據(jù)字典data dictionarycollection of data dictionary entries that allows lookup byenti

32、ty identifier數(shù)據(jù)字典條目的集合，允許按實(shí)體標(biāo)識(shí)符進(jìn)行查找數(shù)據(jù)規(guī)范data specificationset of requirements covering the characteristics of data涵蓋適合一個(gè)或多個(gè)特定目的的數(shù)據(jù)特征的一組要求being fit for one or more particular purposes屬性值property value特定值的實(shí)例以及定義屬性的數(shù)據(jù)字典條目的instance of a specific value together with an identifier fora data dictionary entr

33、y that defines a property標(biāo)識(shí)符特征數(shù)據(jù)characteristic data實(shí)體所屬的類和一組屬性值對(duì)實(shí)體的描述description of an entity by the class to which it belongsand a set of property values數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量data quality數(shù)據(jù)的一組固有特征滿足要求的程度degree to which a set of inherent characteristics of datafulfils requirements數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量管理data quality management在數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量方面指

34、導(dǎo)和控制組織的協(xié)調(diào)活動(dòng)coordinated activities to direct and control an organizationwith regard to data quality數(shù)據(jù)誤差data error不滿足數(shù)據(jù)要求non-fulfilment of a data requirementdata provenance record數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源記錄一條數(shù)據(jù)通過(guò)其不同的所有者或保管人的最終record of the ultimate derivation and passage of a piece ofdata through its various owners or cus

35、todiansverification派生和傳遞的記錄確認(rèn)通過(guò)提供客觀證據(jù)確認(rèn)已滿足特定要求confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence,that specified requirements have been fulfilledvalidation驗(yàn)證通過(guò)提供客觀證據(jù)確認(rèn)已滿足特定預(yù)期用途或confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence,that the requirements for a specific intended use or applic

36、ationhave been fulfilled應(yīng)用的要求權(quán)威數(shù)據(jù)源authoritative data source創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)的進(jìn)程的所有者owner of a process that creates dataaccepted reference value可接受的參考值作為商定的比較參考值value that serves as an agreed-upon reference for comparisontrue value真值在考慮該特征時(shí)，該特征在存在的條件下被完美value that characterizes a characteristic perfectly definedi

37、n the conditions that exist when the characteristic is considered定義的值10DB23/T33262022數(shù)據(jù)的準(zhǔn)確性data accuracy數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量，表示值與相應(yīng)的真實(shí)值在達(dá)到預(yù)期quality of data in respect of the represented value agreeingwith the corresponding true value to a degree necessary for anintended purpose目的所必需的程度上一致數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)確記錄data accuracy record

38、所提供的關(guān)于某一特定數(shù)據(jù)集的數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)確性的record of the information provided about the data accuracy of aspecified data set信息記錄數(shù)據(jù)完整性data completeness預(yù)期目的所必需的、與內(nèi)容有關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)集質(zhì)量quality of a data set in respect of the content being all thatis necessary for an intended purposedata completeness record數(shù)據(jù)完整性記錄所提供的關(guān)于某一特定數(shù)據(jù)集數(shù)據(jù)完整性的信息記錄r

39、ecord of the information provided about the datacompleteness of a specified dataset形式語(yǔ)法formal syntax使用形式語(yǔ)法規(guī)范形式語(yǔ)言的有效句子specification of the valid sentences of a formal languageusing a formal grammar語(yǔ)義編碼semantic encoding用引用數(shù)據(jù)字典條目的標(biāo)識(shí)符替換消息中的自technique of replacing natural language terms in amessage with

40、identifiers that reference data dictionary entriessemantically coded data specificationdata requirements statement然語(yǔ)言術(shù)語(yǔ)的技術(shù)語(yǔ)義編碼的數(shù)據(jù)規(guī)范數(shù)據(jù)需求聲明，使用數(shù)據(jù)字典中的條目的數(shù)據(jù)規(guī)范data specification that uses entries from a data dictionarybusiness transaction商業(yè)交易商業(yè)行為或行動(dòng)過(guò)程的完成completion of a business action or a course of actio

41、n交易數(shù)據(jù)transaction data代表商業(yè)交易的數(shù)據(jù)data representing a business transactionmaster data主要數(shù)據(jù)組織持有的數(shù)據(jù)，用于描述對(duì)該組織而言既獨(dú)立又基本的實(shí)體，并被引用以執(zhí)行其交易data held by an organization to describe the entities thatare both independent and fundamental for that organization,and referenced in order to perform its transactions主數(shù)據(jù)信息mast

42、er data message用于交換主數(shù)據(jù)的數(shù)據(jù)信息data message used to exchange master data11DB23/T33262022產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量product data qualityconsistency, completeness, and suitability for the purposeof the product data產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)的一致性、完整性和適用性質(zhì)量quality criterioncriterion for evaluating product data qualityproduct shape datadata representi

43、ng product shape with geometric and評(píng)估產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品形狀數(shù)據(jù)用幾何和拓?fù)湫畔⒈硎井a(chǎn)品形狀的數(shù)據(jù)topological information閾值檢查threshold通過(guò)數(shù)值試驗(yàn)評(píng)估形狀數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量的余量確定是否符合規(guī)定要求allowance used for the assessment of shape data quality bynumerical testinspectiondetermination of conformity to specified requirementsinspection result檢查結(jié)果檢查結(jié)果表明檢查的產(chǎn)品形狀數(shù)

44、據(jù)中是否存在result of inspection which indicates whether, or not,quality defects exist within the inspected product shape dataaccuracy質(zhì)量缺陷準(zhǔn)確性控制近似解精度的規(guī)范specification to control precision of an approximatesolution生產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目item of production符合供應(yīng)商定義的規(guī)格的商品或服務(wù)goods or service that conforms to a specification defined

45、by a supplier序列號(hào)serial number資產(chǎn)追蹤號(hào)碼asset tracking number資產(chǎn)編號(hào)asset number用于識(shí)別生產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目的單個(gè)事件的編號(hào)number used to identify an individual occurrence of anitem of production供應(yīng)項(xiàng)目item of supply滿足買方定義的適合、形式或功能的可替代商品class of substitutable goods or services that fulfil a fit,form or function defined by a buyerpart nu

46、mber或服務(wù)類別零件號(hào)分配給制造系統(tǒng)中對(duì)象的唯一字母數(shù)字名稱unique alphanumeric designation assigned to an object ina manufacturing system庫(kù)存單位stockkeeping unit一組產(chǎn)品特征的標(biāo)識(shí)符，用于庫(kù)存控制或采購(gòu)identifier of a set of product characteristics for the purposeof inventory control or procurement12DB23/T33262022數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)員data technicianperson who create

47、s, reads, modifies, and deletes data in根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量管理指南創(chuàng)建、讀取、修改和刪除數(shù)據(jù)，測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量并糾正因測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量而發(fā)現(xiàn)的數(shù)據(jù)錯(cuò)誤的人員accordance with the guidelines for data quality management,and measures data quality and corrects data errors found as aresult of measuring data quality數(shù)據(jù)管理員data administrator通過(guò)定義維護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量所需的、設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)模式以及分析錯(cuò)誤原因以防止錯(cuò)誤再次

48、發(fā)生來(lái)控制和協(xié)調(diào)數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)人員工作的人person who controls and coordinates the work of datatechnicians by defining criteria needed to maintain data quality,by designing data schemata, and by analysing the causes oferrors to prevent their recurrence數(shù)據(jù)管理器data manager為組織中的數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量改進(jìn)制定計(jì)劃的人員，授予數(shù)據(jù)管理員在信息系統(tǒng)或組織中跟蹤和糾正數(shù)據(jù)的權(quán)限，并通過(guò)整個(gè)組織范圍的

49、數(shù)據(jù)體系結(jié)構(gòu)在各個(gè)信息系統(tǒng)中維護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)一致性person who establishes plans for data quality improvementin an organization, grants data administrators the authority totrace and correct data over the information systems ororganization, and maintains data consistency in individualinformation systems through the organization-wi

50、de dataarchitecture數(shù)據(jù)管家data steward被委派負(fù)責(zé)管理一組特定數(shù)據(jù)資源的個(gè)人或組織person or organization delegated the responsibility formanaging a specific set of data resources過(guò)程評(píng)估模型process assessment model適用于評(píng)估特定過(guò)程質(zhì)量特性的模型，基于一個(gè)或多個(gè)過(guò)程參考模型model suitable for the purpose of assessing a specifiedprocess quality characteristic, b

51、ased on one or more processreference models過(guò)程維度process dimension過(guò)程評(píng)估模型中與相關(guān)過(guò)程參考模型中定義的過(guò)程明確相關(guān)的一組元素set of elements in a process assessment model explicitlyrelated to the processes defined in the relevant processreference model(s)成熟度模型maturity model從一個(gè)或多個(gè)指定的過(guò)程評(píng)估模型派生的模型，該模型確定了在組織過(guò)程成熟度的指定規(guī)模中與級(jí)別相關(guān)的過(guò)程集model

52、derived from one or more specified processassessment models that identify the process sets associated withthe levels in a specified scale of organizational process maturityorganizational unit組織單位組織中已確定的部署一個(gè)或多個(gè)過(guò)程的部分，這些過(guò)程在一組一致的業(yè)務(wù)目標(biāo)中運(yùn)行，并構(gòu)成評(píng)估范圍的基礎(chǔ)identified part of an organization that deploys one or mo

53、reprocesses that operate within a coherent set of business goalsand which forms the basis for the scope of an assessmentmaturity level成熟度級(jí)別在組織過(guò)程成熟度的有序尺度上的點(diǎn)，表征在成point on an ordinal scale of organizational process13DB23/T33262022熟度模型的范圍內(nèi)評(píng)估的組織單元的成熟度maturity that characterises the maturity of the organi

54、zationalunit assessed in the scope of the maturity model usedprocess assessment過(guò)程評(píng)估根據(jù)過(guò)程評(píng)估模型對(duì)組織單位的過(guò)程進(jìn)行有紀(jì)disciplined evaluation of an organizational unitsprocesses against a process assessment modelassessment input律的評(píng)估評(píng)估輸入開始過(guò)程評(píng)估之前所需的信息information required before a process assessment cancommence評(píng)估輸出ass

55、essment output過(guò)程評(píng)估的所有有形結(jié)果評(píng)估小組all of the tangible results from a process assessmentassessment team一個(gè)或多個(gè)共同執(zhí)行過(guò)程評(píng)估的個(gè)人one or more individuals who jointly perform a processassessment過(guò)程屬性process attribute過(guò)程質(zhì)量屬性process quality attribute過(guò)程質(zhì)量特性的可測(cè)量屬性過(guò)程屬性等級(jí)measurable property of a process quality characteristi

56、cprocess attribute rating判斷被評(píng)估過(guò)程的過(guò)程屬性的實(shí)現(xiàn)程度judgement of the degree of achievement of the processattribute for the assessed processprocess profile過(guò)程配置文件被評(píng)估的過(guò)程屬性評(píng)級(jí)集set of process attribute ratings for an assessed process評(píng)估記錄assessment record對(duì)與過(guò)程評(píng)估有關(guān)的信息進(jìn)行有序的文檔化收集，并增加對(duì)由評(píng)估生成的過(guò)程概要的理解和驗(yàn)證orderly documented c

57、ollection of the information which ispertinent to a process assessment and adds to the understandingand verification of the process profiles generated by theassessment評(píng)估指標(biāo)assessment indicator用于支持評(píng)估人員對(duì)評(píng)定過(guò)程屬性的判斷的客觀證據(jù)來(lái)源sources of objective evidence used to support theassessors judgement in rating proce

58、ss attributes過(guò)程能力process capability描述過(guò)程滿足當(dāng)前或預(yù)期業(yè)務(wù)目標(biāo)的能力characterization of the ability of a process to meet currentor projected business goalsprocess capability level過(guò)程能力水平在過(guò)程能力的順序度量尺度上描述過(guò)程的特性過(guò)程的結(jié)果characterization of a process on an oprocess outcome成功實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程目的的可觀察結(jié)果observable result of the successful ach

59、ievement of processpurpose數(shù)據(jù)治理data governance14DB23/T33262022制定和執(zhí)行與數(shù)據(jù)管理相關(guān)的政策development and enforcement of policies related to themanagement of data資產(chǎn)區(qū)塊asset所有對(duì)利益相關(guān)者有價(jià)值的東西包含塊數(shù)據(jù)和塊頭的結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)anything that has value to a stakeholderblockstructured data comprising block data and a block headerblock data塊數(shù)據(jù)包

60、含零個(gè)或多個(gè)交易記錄的結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)或交易structured data comprising zero or more transactionrecords or references to transactionrecords記錄的參考區(qū)塊頭block header包含前一塊加密鏈接的結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)，除非沒有前structured data that includes a cryptographic link to theprevious block unless there is no previous blockblock reward塊區(qū)塊獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)在區(qū)塊鏈系統(tǒng)中確認(rèn)區(qū)塊后給予礦工或驗(yàn)證者rewa