高考英語(yǔ)Module6《OldandNew》知識(shí)與要點(diǎn)外研必修3-精講版課件

1、話題Old and New(古代的和現(xiàn)代的)連線高考2010福建，完形填空功能Adjectives expressing strong feelings(表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈情感的形容詞)語(yǔ)法1.Nondefining attributive clauses(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句)2Contraction of attributive clauses(定語(yǔ)從句的省略形式)重點(diǎn)詞匯及拓展1.date vi.始于(某一歷史時(shí)期)2generate vt.發(fā)(電)3harness vt.利用；將(自然力)變成動(dòng)力4narrow adj.狹窄的5remove vt.遷移；搬遷6ridiculous adj.荒唐的；可

2、笑的7enormous adj.龐大的；巨大的8foggy adj.有濃霧的9crash vi.(飛機(jī))失事；墜毀10.civil adj.民用的，國(guó)內(nèi)的civilize v使文明，使開(kāi)化civilization n文明11engineering n(土木)工程engineer n工程師engine n發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)12accommodate vt.容納(乘客等)accommodation n容納13construction n建造；建筑construct vt.建造constructive adj.建設(shè)性的14freezing adj.極冷的freeze v冷凍重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1.date from起源于2

3、hold back阻止3come true(夢(mèng)想等)變成現(xiàn)實(shí)4bring an end to結(jié)束，終止5.work out算出，解決6dream of夢(mèng)想7now that既然8make sense有意義，有道理重點(diǎn)句型1.It took six years to build and cost US $20 billion.它花費(fèi)了6年時(shí)間建成，耗資200億美元。2sb.be surprised to do sth.某人驚奇地做某事1date n日期，年代；時(shí)代；約會(huì)v加日期于；起始于(某時(shí)期)；屬于(某時(shí)期)歸納拓展(1)date from/back to屬于(某一歷史時(shí)期)；始于；追溯到(

4、二者作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。若句中有信息提示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間往前推，則用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。)(2)to date到目前為止；迄今，至今out of date 過(guò)時(shí)的；過(guò)期的up to date現(xiàn)代的，直到最近set a date for選定的日期go out for a date出去約會(huì)例句：The use of peas as food dates back to very early time.豌豆作為食物很早以前就開(kāi)始了。The computer is out of date/up to date.這臺(tái)電腦是過(guò)時(shí)/新式的。To date there has been no

5、improvement in his condition.到現(xiàn)在為止，他的狀況還是沒(méi)有好轉(zhuǎn)。Whats the date today？/What date is it today?今天是幾月幾號(hào)？【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Though this kind of clothes are beginning to be _，she was very happy to wear it.Aout of date Bup to date Cold Dbad【解析】句意為：盡管這種衣服不再開(kāi)始流行，她仍樂(lè)意穿著。out of date“過(guò)時(shí)的”，符合題意。up to date“新式的”?！敬鸢浮緼2accommodat

6、e vt.&vi.容納；向提供住宿；(使)適應(yīng)；使遷就；調(diào)節(jié)歸納拓展(1)accommodate sb.for the night留某人過(guò)夜accommodate sb.with.向某人提供accommodate oneself to使自己適應(yīng)(to為介詞，故其后的賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)用doing形式)(2)accommodation n住宿，住處，膳宿服務(wù)例句：This hotel can accommodate 600 guests.這家旅館可供600位客人住宿。We could accommodate you with a room on the second floor for the period

7、 you mention.我們可以按你提供的住宿期限向你提供2樓的一個(gè)房間。Wherever he goes，he can accommodate himself to new circumstances.無(wú)論走到哪里他都能適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The new apartment built a few months ago is large enough to _ over two hundred people.Ainclude Bprovide Creside Daccommodate【解析】句意為：幾個(gè)月前完工的這座新公寓大到可以容納二百多人。accommodate “為提供住宿，容

8、納”。A項(xiàng)include“包括”；B項(xiàng)provide “提供”，其結(jié)構(gòu)為provide sb.with sth.或provide sth.for sb.；C項(xiàng)reside “居住”?！敬鸢浮緿3remove vt.移動(dòng)；搬遷；除去；使離開(kāi)vi.遷移，搬家n移動(dòng)，距離，升級(jí)歸納拓展(1)remove.from.把從移開(kāi)remove sth. from some place to.把某物從搬遷到be removed from school被開(kāi)除，勒令退學(xué)be removed from與遠(yuǎn)離，與疏遠(yuǎn)，與不一樣(2)removal n移動(dòng)，遷居；免職例句：Because of the serious

9、airpollution，the family is removing to the countryside.由于空氣污染嚴(yán)重，這一家決定要搬到鄉(xiāng)下。He was removed from school for playing truant too often.他因逃學(xué)太多被開(kāi)除了。同類(lèi)辨析move與remove(1)move指從一地到另一地的移動(dòng)，移動(dòng)某物的位置或改變某人的姿勢(shì)，既是及物動(dòng)詞又是不及物動(dòng)詞。(2)remove“取消，去掉”，含有把不利的東西“除掉”的意思，強(qiáng)調(diào)完全放棄原來(lái)的地方而到達(dá)新的位置，有時(shí)相當(dāng)于take away/off，表示“遷居”時(shí)，二者均可?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】The

10、department store will_forty employees after the holiday rush.Ahire Bfire Cremove DB or C【解析】remove和fire都有“開(kāi)除，解雇”的意思。【答案】D4freezing adj.凍結(jié)的；極冷的；冷淡的n冰點(diǎn)歸納拓展(1)freeze v使凍結(jié)；凍僵frozen adj.冷凍的；凍結(jié)的be frozen to death 被凍死(2)above/below freezing 零度以上/以下the freezing point 冰點(diǎn)freezing cold 極冷例句：The cold weather ca

11、n even freeze petrol in car engines.寒冷的天氣甚至能使汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)里的汽油凝固。The temperature has dropped to the freezing point.氣溫已降到了冰點(diǎn)。Seeing the car accident，he was frozen with terror.看到車(chē)禍，他嚇呆了。【鏈接訓(xùn)練】用freeze的適當(dāng)形式填空Its freezing cold outside.The water of the lake frozen last night.Take frozen meat from the fridge and I

12、 will use it.1hold back阻擋；抑制，控制(情緒、情感等)；猶豫歸納拓展(1)hold on to 抓住不放，保留hold up阻擋，使停頓(常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))；把抬起來(lái)；支持住(2)get/catch/take hold of抓住例句：They had erected the barriers to hold back the flood.他們筑起屏障阻擋洪水。Hearing her daughters success，she could not hold back tears of joy.聽(tīng)到她女兒成功了，她禁不住流下喜悅的淚水。She held back，not kn

13、owing how to break the terrible news.她躊躇著，不知如何說(shuō)出這一可怕的消息?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】Why are you so late?Bad luck.A car accident took place not far outside the town，and so we were _ on the way.Astopped Bkept Cheld up Dprevented【解析】此句應(yīng)表示“我們受阻”，而A、B、D三項(xiàng)需與from doing連用；hold up“阻擋”，符合題意。【答案】CDespite the attacks we_the bridge f

14、or 3 more days.Ahold on Bhold over Chold up Dhold on to【解析】考查hold的短語(yǔ)。hold on“堅(jiān)持，不掛斷”，為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)；hold over“推遲”；holp up“阻擋”。hold on to“抓住不放手”，符合題意?！敬鸢浮緿2make sense有意義，有道理；講得通，可理解歸納拓展(1)make sense of了解的意義，懂得a sense of duty/humour/beauty/direction責(zé)任/幽默/審美/方向感in no sense絕不come to ones senses恢復(fù)理性，蘇醒There is

15、 no sense in doing sth.做某事沒(méi)道理/沒(méi)意義(2)make sense與make sense of的區(qū)別：make sense“有意義；有道理；講得通；可理解”，物作主語(yǔ)，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，用to引出人。make sense of“弄懂；理解”，人作主語(yǔ)，可以用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，用of引出物。注意：以上兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)中，sense前不加冠詞，也不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例句：What he said just now makes no sense to me.I make no sense of what he said just now.我沒(méi)明白他剛才說(shuō)的話。He has a very good

16、sense of direction.他的方向感很強(qiáng)。There is no sense in getting upset about it now.現(xiàn)在為這件事苦惱是沒(méi)有意義的?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】In a word，I dont think what you said _ at all.Amakes some sense Bmake any senseCmakes sense Dmake sense【解析】句意為：總之一句話，我認(rèn)為你說(shuō)的一點(diǎn)道理也沒(méi)有。此題考查make sense的用法，意為“有道理，講得通”。因?yàn)閣hat you said作主語(yǔ)，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式，排除B、D，答案為

17、C?！敬鸢浮緾1非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，只是對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行附加的說(shuō)明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然很清楚。這種從句和主句之間往往用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)一般都另成一句，一般不用that引導(dǎo)。(1)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的主要應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合若先行詞指代明確時(shí)，如專(zhuān)有名詞和獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物。例句：Paul，whom everyone suspected，turned out to be innocent.一開(kāi)始大家都懷疑保羅，后來(lái)證明他是無(wú)辜的。若關(guān)系代詞作復(fù)雜介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。He is ill，in spite of which he keeps on studying.他病了，盡管如

18、此，他仍堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí)。若關(guān)系代詞作of的賓語(yǔ)，且of前有數(shù)詞、代詞或名詞時(shí)。例句：The buses，most of which were already full，were surrounded by an angry crowd.公共汽車(chē)大部分都已滿載，周?chē)且淮笕簯嵟娜恕Ｏ刃性~指代主句的整個(gè)內(nèi)容時(shí)。例句：He invited us to dinner，which was very kind of him.他請(qǐng)我們吃飯，這是他的好意。(2)限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上的區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，若去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義；而非限制性定語(yǔ)從

19、句與主句的關(guān)系不那么密切，只是對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行一些補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，若去掉，主句意思仍然清楚和完整。例句：I was the only person in my office that was invited.我是我們辦公室里唯一受到邀請(qǐng)的人。Mr Smith，for whom I was working，was very generous about overtime payments.史密斯先生是我的老板，在付加班費(fèi)方面很大方。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞不能使用that，而應(yīng)使用which，且不能省略，同時(shí)也不能使用關(guān)系副詞why；限制性定語(yǔ)從句中既可使用that，也可使用w

20、hy，that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)也可省略。例句：Football，that is a very interesting game，is played all over the world.()Football，which is a very interesting game，is played all over the world.()足球是一項(xiàng)非常有趣的運(yùn)動(dòng)，世界各地都踢足球。先行詞的區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞為名詞或代詞，但專(zhuān)有名詞除外；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是名詞、短語(yǔ)、另一從句或整個(gè)主句。例句：We are ready to do anything that is of some

21、help to others.我們?cè)敢庾鰧?duì)別人有幫助的任何事情。He said that Li Hong had passed the college entrance examination，which I thought to be possible.他說(shuō)李紅考上了大學(xué)，我認(rèn)為這是可能的。He has to work on Sundays，which he doesnt like.他星期天得工作，這是他不喜歡的。形式上的區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句同其先行詞的關(guān)系十分密切，是先行詞不可缺少的成分，因此，書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)不能用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)；而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可和主句用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)主句、從句間有停頓。例句：T

22、he man who lives next to us sells vegetables.住在我們隔壁的那個(gè)人賣(mài)菜。This is George，whose class you will be taking.這是喬治，你將接手教他的班。譯文的區(qū)別在譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，限制性定語(yǔ)從句往往在先行詞之前，有時(shí)也可譯為并列分句或狀語(yǔ)從句；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句多譯成并列句。例句：One morning an elephant was led down the road where they stood.有一天上午，有人趕著一頭大象沿著他們站的那條路走過(guò)來(lái)。They went to the Royal Theatre

23、，where they saw Ibsens Peer Gent.他們?nèi)チ嘶始覄≡海谀抢锼麄兛戳艘撞飞谋藸栍⑻?。【鏈接?xùn)練】The humans are destroying nature day by day，_ of course，will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.Awho Bwhen Con which Dwhich【解析】考查which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，代指前面整個(gè)句子?！敬鸢浮緿Three minutes of silence on May 19th were kept to mourn for thos

24、e _ died in the earthquake.Athat Bwhom Cwho Dwhich【解析】在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，先行詞是指人的代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞通常用who，而不用that?！敬鸢浮緾Michael Phelps，_ the feet are bigger than others，won eight gold medals at the Beijing Olympic Games.Awhose Bwhom Cof who Dof whom【解析】本句是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少定語(yǔ)，所以用of whom。此題容易誤選A。因?yàn)槿鄙俣ㄕZ(yǔ)，馬上想到選whose，但是句中有the，就不

25、能選whose?！敬鸢浮緿Chinese Women Football Team lost the game against Japanese in the 29th Olympics，_ we didnt expect.A/ Bas Cwhich Dthat【解析】這里是which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代前面整個(gè)主句。句意為：中國(guó)女足在第29屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)上輸給了日本隊(duì)，這是我們沒(méi)料到的?！敬鸢浮緾2定語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化有些含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句很復(fù)雜，不容易理解，這就需要我們將其簡(jiǎn)化。簡(jiǎn)化方式主要有以下幾種：(1)在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省略。例句：The d

26、am (that) we saw in the film wasnt the Three Gorges Dam.我們?cè)陔娪爸锌吹降拇髩尾皇侨龒{大壩。(2)在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任介詞賓語(yǔ)而介詞在句尾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省略。例句：I met a man (whom) my grandfather worked with thirty years ago.我遇到了30年前和我爺爺一起工作的那個(gè)人。(3)定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為分詞短語(yǔ)一般情況下，在定語(yǔ)從句中，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，從句轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)；如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，則從句轉(zhuǎn)化為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)。例句：The girl who is

27、reading English aloud is my younger sister.The girl reading English aloud is my younger sister.大聲朗讀英語(yǔ)的是我妹妹。I have heard the report which was made by Professor Li.I have heard the report made by Professor Li.我聽(tīng)了李教授所作的報(bào)告。注意：并非所有的定語(yǔ)從句都能簡(jiǎn)化，以下情況都不能簡(jiǎn)化。定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例句：The man who has finished the w

28、ork is Jack.完成工作的那個(gè)人是杰克。不能變?yōu)椋篢he man having finished the work is Jack.定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。The professor who can speak Japanese is from Japan.會(huì)說(shuō)日語(yǔ)的教授來(lái)自日本。不能變?yōu)椋篢he professor speaking Japanese is from Japan.定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。The man who gave us a talk was his father.給我們作報(bào)告的那個(gè)人是他父親。不能變?yōu)椋篢he man giving us a talk was his father.(因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在分詞giving表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)(4)定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為不定式短語(yǔ)如果定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)是一般將來(lái)時(shí)或先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或last，only等修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，該從句往往簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)