高三英語(yǔ)《詞匯動(dòng)詞的基本概念動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)》-精講版課件

1、一、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單句的重要標(biāo)志，在沒(méi)有并列連詞連接的情況下，一個(gè)單句只能有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如果要出現(xiàn)其它動(dòng)詞，則有以下幾種方式： 用并列連詞 (and, or, but) 或并列的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)： 分號(hào)、冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)(; : ) 將動(dòng)詞或句子并列: I got on a bus and headed for the next stop of my life. 用并列連詞 (and, or, but) 或并列的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)： 分號(hào)、冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)(; : ) 將動(dòng)詞或句子并列: I got on a bus and headed for the next stop of my life. 用并列連詞 (and,

2、 or, but) 或并列的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)： 分號(hào)、冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)(; : ) 將動(dòng)詞或句子并列: I got on a bus and headed for the next stop of my life. 用關(guān)系詞 (which, that, who, whom, when, where, why 等) 或從屬連詞 (that, what, who, whom, which, when, where, how, why等) 將兩個(gè)句子變 為主從復(fù)合句: I got on a bus which started for the next stop of my life. 用并列連詞 (and, o

3、r, but) 或并列的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)： 分號(hào)、冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)(; : ) 將動(dòng)詞或句子并列: I got on a bus and headed for the next stop of my life. 用關(guān)系詞 (which, that, who, whom, when, where, why 等) 或從屬連詞 (that, what, who, whom, which, when, where, how, why等) 將兩個(gè)句子變 為主從復(fù)合句: I got on a bus which started for the next stop of my life. 用并列連詞 (and, or,

4、 but) 或并列的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)： 分號(hào)、冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)(; : ) 將動(dòng)詞或句子并列: I got on a bus and headed for the next stop of my life. 用關(guān)系詞 (which, that, who, whom, when, where, why 等) 或從屬連詞 (that, what, who, whom, which, when, where, how, why等) 將兩個(gè)句子變 為主從復(fù)合句: I got on a bus which started for the next stop of my life. 將除謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以外的其它動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉侵^

5、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 (to do; doing; done) : It got on a bus starting for the next stop of my life. 用并列連詞 (and, or, but) 或并列的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)： 分號(hào)、冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)(; : ) 將動(dòng)詞或句子并列: I got on a bus and headed for the next stop of my life. 用關(guān)系詞 (which, that, who, whom, when, where, why 等) 或從屬連詞 (that, what, who, whom, which, when, where, how,

6、why等) 將兩個(gè)句子變 為主從復(fù)合句: I got on a bus which started for the next stop of my life. 將除謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以外的其它動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 (to do; doing; done) : It got on a bus starting for the next stop of my life.His first performance proved successful.(=His first performance was successful.)His first performance proved successful.(=

7、His first performance was successful.)How it worked remained a mystery.(=How is worked was a mystery.)二、系動(dòng)詞的功能是表明事物是怎樣的 (系：是)，故所有系動(dòng)詞在語(yǔ)法上都 可以用 be 動(dòng)詞代替，只是比 be 動(dòng)詞更具體。His first performance proved successful.(=His first performance was successful.)How it worked remained a mystery.(=How is worked was a my

8、stery.) 我從不羨慕屬于別人的幸福。 我從不羨慕屬于別人的幸福。 I have never desired the happiness belonging to others. 我從不羨慕屬于別人的幸福。 I have never desired the happiness belonging to others. 他笑了，似乎對(duì)我的建議感到滿意。 我從不羨慕屬于別人的幸福。 I have never desired the happiness belonging to others. 他笑了，似乎對(duì)我的建議感到滿意。 He smiled, seeming pleased with my

9、 suggestion. 三、系動(dòng)詞、不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)， 所以沒(méi)有被動(dòng)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。 我從不羨慕屬于別人的幸福。 I have never desired the happiness belonging to others. 他笑了，似乎對(duì)我的建議感到滿意。 He smiled, seeming pleased with my suggestion. 四、瞬間動(dòng)詞可用于完成時(shí)態(tài)，但是不能 和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。四、瞬間動(dòng)詞可用于完成時(shí)態(tài)，但是不能 和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 我想你見(jiàn)不著他了，他已經(jīng)離開(kāi)辦公室了。四、瞬間動(dòng)詞可用于完成時(shí)態(tài)，但是不能 和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 我

10、想你見(jiàn)不著他了，他已經(jīng)離開(kāi)辦公室了。 I dont think you will meet him; he has left his office. 四、瞬間動(dòng)詞可用于完成時(shí)態(tài)，但是不能 和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 我想你見(jiàn)不著他了，他已經(jīng)離開(kāi)辦公室了。 I dont think you will meet him; he has left his office. 我想你見(jiàn)不著他了，他離開(kāi)辦公室很久了。四、瞬間動(dòng)詞可用于完成時(shí)態(tài)，但是不能 和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 我想你見(jiàn)不著他了，他已經(jīng)離開(kāi)辦公室了。 I dont think you will meet him; he has left

11、his office. 我想你見(jiàn)不著他了，他離開(kāi)辦公室很久了。 I dont think you will meet him; he has been away for a long time. 五、助動(dòng)詞(包括情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)的作用： (幫)助(謂語(yǔ)) 動(dòng)詞，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)，動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間， 句子的語(yǔ)氣等。五、助動(dòng)詞(包括情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)的作用： (幫)助(謂語(yǔ)) 動(dòng)詞，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)，動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間， 句子的語(yǔ)氣等。 He has won the election. I did see him yesterday. Do you attend this school? He shall be resp

12、onsible for the damage. If I could do it, I would do it. 五、助動(dòng)詞(包括情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)的作用： (幫)助(謂語(yǔ)) 動(dòng)詞，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)，動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間， 句子的語(yǔ)氣等。 He has won the election. I did see him yesterday. Do you attend this school? He shall be responsible for the damage. If I could do it, I would do it. (人稱(chēng)、時(shí)間)五、助動(dòng)詞(包括情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)的作用： (幫)助(謂語(yǔ)) 動(dòng)詞，說(shuō)

13、明主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)，動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間， 句子的語(yǔ)氣等。 He has won the election. I did see him yesterday. Do you attend this school? He shall be responsible for the damage. If I could do it, I would do it. (人稱(chēng)、時(shí)間)(時(shí)間、語(yǔ)氣)五、助動(dòng)詞(包括情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)的作用： (幫)助(謂語(yǔ)) 動(dòng)詞，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)，動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間， 句子的語(yǔ)氣等。 He has won the election. I did see him yesterday. Do you

14、attend this school? He shall be responsible for the damage. If I could do it, I would do it. (人稱(chēng)、時(shí)間)(時(shí)間、語(yǔ)氣)(語(yǔ)氣)五、助動(dòng)詞(包括情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)的作用： (幫)助(謂語(yǔ)) 動(dòng)詞，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)，動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間， 句子的語(yǔ)氣等。 He has won the election. I did see him yesterday. Do you attend this school? He shall be responsible for the damage. If I could do it,

15、 I would do it. (人稱(chēng)、時(shí)間)(時(shí)間、語(yǔ)氣)(語(yǔ)氣)(語(yǔ)氣)五、助動(dòng)詞(包括情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)的作用： (幫)助(謂語(yǔ)) 動(dòng)詞，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)，動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間， 句子的語(yǔ)氣等。 He has won the election. I did see him yesterday. Do you attend this school? He shall be responsible for the damage. If I could do it, I would do it. (人稱(chēng)、時(shí)間)(時(shí)間、語(yǔ)氣)(語(yǔ)氣)(語(yǔ)氣)(語(yǔ)氣)五、助動(dòng)詞(包括情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)的作用： (幫)助(謂語(yǔ)) 動(dòng)詞，說(shuō)

16、明主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)，動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間， 句子的語(yǔ)氣等。 He has won the election. I did see him yesterday. Do you attend this school? He shall be responsible for the damage. If I could do it, I would do it. Who do you suggest _ ask to give us a talk on energy conservation? A. I should B. should I B. I will D. will I(人稱(chēng)、時(shí)間)(時(shí)間、語(yǔ)氣)(語(yǔ)

17、氣)(語(yǔ)氣)(語(yǔ)氣)五、助動(dòng)詞(包括情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)的作用： (幫)助(謂語(yǔ)) 動(dòng)詞，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)，動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間， 句子的語(yǔ)氣等。 He has won the election. I did see him yesterday. Do you attend this school? He shall be responsible for the damage. If I could do it, I would do it. Who do you suggest _ ask to give us a talk on energy conservation? A. I should B. sho

18、uld I B. I will D. will I(人稱(chēng)、時(shí)間)(時(shí)間、語(yǔ)氣)(語(yǔ)氣)(語(yǔ)氣)(語(yǔ)氣)六、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、不定式符號(hào)to后只能接動(dòng)詞原形， 故表過(guò)去動(dòng)作時(shí)需用 have done。 六、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、不定式符號(hào)to后只能接動(dòng)詞原形， 故表過(guò)去動(dòng)作時(shí)需用 have done。 他那天一定不在家。六、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、不定式符號(hào)to后只能接動(dòng)詞原形， 故表過(guò)去動(dòng)作時(shí)需用 have done。 他那天一定不在家。 He cant have been at home that day. 六、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、不定式符號(hào)to后只能接動(dòng)詞原形， 故表過(guò)去動(dòng)作時(shí)需用 have done。 他那天一定不在家。 He c

19、ant have been at home that day. 據(jù)說(shuō)他以前拍過(guò)一部電影。六、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、不定式符號(hào)to后只能接動(dòng)詞原形， 故表過(guò)去動(dòng)作時(shí)需用 have done。 他那天一定不在家。 He cant have been at home that day. 據(jù)說(shuō)他以前拍過(guò)一部電影。 He is said to have made a film. 六、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、不定式符號(hào)to后只能接動(dòng)詞原形， 故表過(guò)去動(dòng)作時(shí)需用 have done。 他那天一定不在家。 He cant have been at home that day. 據(jù)說(shuō)他以前拍過(guò)一部電影。 He is said to ha

20、ve made a film. 你剛才肯定在想別的事。六、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、不定式符號(hào)to后只能接動(dòng)詞原形， 故表過(guò)去動(dòng)作時(shí)需用 have done。 他那天一定不在家。 He cant have been at home that day. 據(jù)說(shuō)他以前拍過(guò)一部電影。 He is said to have made a film. 你剛才肯定在想別的事。 You must have been thinking about something else. 六、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、不定式符號(hào)to后只能接動(dòng)詞原形， 故表過(guò)去動(dòng)作時(shí)需用 have done。 他那天一定不在家。 He cant have been at

21、 home that day. 據(jù)說(shuō)他以前拍過(guò)一部電影。 He is said to have made a film. 你剛才肯定在想別的事。 You must have been thinking about something else. 我當(dāng)時(shí)本想去的，但是太忙了。六、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、不定式符號(hào)to后只能接動(dòng)詞原形， 故表過(guò)去動(dòng)作時(shí)需用 have done。 他那天一定不在家。 He cant have been at home that day. 據(jù)說(shuō)他以前拍過(guò)一部電影。 He is said to have made a film. 你剛才肯定在想別的事。 You must have b

22、een thinking about something else. 我當(dāng)時(shí)本想去的，但是太忙了。 Id love to have gone there, but I was too busy. 【考點(diǎn)示例一】 Do you have any problems if you _ this job? Well, Im thinking about the salary 【2008湖南卷】 A. offerB. will offer C. are offeredD. will be offered【考點(diǎn)示例一】 Do you have any problems if you _ this job?

23、 Well, Im thinking about the salary 【2008湖南卷】 A. offerB. will offer C. are offeredD. will be offered Can you see your brother off to the railway station, John? I think so, by the time he leaves I _ my work. A. will finishB. have finished C. will have finishedD. finishes Can you see your brother off

24、to the railway station, John? I think so, by the time he leaves I _ my work. A. will finishB. have finished C. will have finishedD. finishes Can you see your brother off to the railway station, John? I think so, by the time he leaves I _ my work. A. will finishB. have finished C. will have finishedD

25、. finishes 考點(diǎn)一：主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)或現(xiàn)在時(shí)，時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)?！究键c(diǎn)示例二】 What are you going to do this afternoon? I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film _ at 4 oclock, so we _ to the bookstore after that. A. has finished; are goingB. finishes; go C. finishes; are goingD. has finished; go【考點(diǎn)示例二】 What a

26、re you going to do this afternoon? I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film _ at 4 oclock, so we _ to the bookstore after that. A. has finished; are goingB. finishes; go C. finishes; are goingD. has finished; go【考點(diǎn)示例二】 What are you going to do this afternoon? I am going to the cinema wit

27、h some friends. The film _ at 4 oclock, so we _ to the bookstore after that. A. has finished; are goingB. finishes; go C. finishes; are goingD. has finished; go考點(diǎn)二：表示將來(lái)確定會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作要用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表將來(lái) (如己安排好或計(jì)劃好的動(dòng)作或按時(shí)刻表將來(lái)一定會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng))，可以這樣使用的動(dòng)詞有: go, come,leave, start, finish, arrive等?！究键c(diǎn)示例三】 Is everyone here? Not yetL

28、ook , there _ the rest of our guests!【2010江蘇卷】 A. comeB. comes C. is comingD. are coming【考點(diǎn)示例三】 Is everyone here? Not yetLook , there _ the rest of our guests!【2010江蘇卷】 A. comeB. comes C. is comingD. are coming【考點(diǎn)示例三】 Is everyone here? Not yetLook , there _ the rest of our guests!【2010江蘇卷】 A. comeB.

29、 comes C. is comingD. are coming考點(diǎn)三：在表示方向、方位的狀語(yǔ)位于句首的倒裝句型中，要用一般(現(xiàn)在/過(guò)去)時(shí)態(tài)，而不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。 【考點(diǎn)示例四】 I have to see the doctor because I _ a lot lately.【2010陜西卷】 A. have been coughingB. had coughed C. coughedD. cough【考點(diǎn)示例四】 I have to see the doctor because I _ a lot lately.【2010陜西卷】 A. have been coughingB. had c

30、oughed C. coughedD. cough Up to now, the program _ thousands of children who would otherwise have died. 【2010山東卷】 A. would saveB. saves C. had savedD. has saved Up to now, the program _ thousands of children who would otherwise have died. 【2010山東卷】 A. would saveB. saves C. had savedD. has saved Up t

31、o now, the program _ thousands of children who would otherwise have died. 【2010山東卷】 A. would saveB. saves C. had savedD. has saved考點(diǎn)四： recent years (months), recently,lately, of late, so far, up to/till now, for years(month), since, in (over) the past few yeas等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用于現(xiàn)在完成(have done)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) (have b

32、een doing)?！究键c(diǎn)示例五】 By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _ for London to attend a meeting. A. will leaveB. leaves C. will have leftD. left【考點(diǎn)示例五】 By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _ for London to attend a meeting. A. will leaveB. leaves C. will have leftD. left【考點(diǎn)示例五】 By the time Jane gets home, h

33、er aunt _ for London to attend a meeting. A. will leaveB. leaves C. will have leftD. left考點(diǎn)五：by the time.作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后如果接將來(lái)動(dòng)作則一般用將來(lái)完成時(shí)(will have done); 其后如果接過(guò)去動(dòng)作則一般用過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had done)?！究键c(diǎn)示例六】 This is the first time we _ a film in the cinema together as a family.【2009陜西卷】 A. seeB. had seen C. sawD. have seen【

34、考點(diǎn)示例六】 This is the first time we _ a film in the cinema together as a family.【2009陜西卷】 A. seeB. had seen C. sawD. have seen Linda 1ost her passport again. It was the second time that _. A. had occurredB. has occurred C. occurredD. was occurring Linda 1ost her passport again. It was the second time t

35、hat _. A. had occurredB. has occurred C. occurredD. was occurring Linda 1ost her passport again. It was the second time that _. A. had occurredB. has occurred C. occurredD. was occurring考點(diǎn)六：表示“某人第次做某事”的句型：It is the first (second.) time that sb. has done sth./ It was the first (second.) time that sb.

36、 had done sth. 【考點(diǎn)示例七】 He _ football regularly for many years when he was young. A. was playingB. played C. has playedD. had played【考點(diǎn)示例七】 He _ football regularly for many years when he was young. A. was playingB. played C. has playedD. had played【考點(diǎn)示例七】 He _ football regularly for many years when h

37、e was young. A. was playingB. played C. has playedD. had played考點(diǎn)七：如果動(dòng)作終止在過(guò)去，即使有表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，還是要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)?！究键c(diǎn)示例八】 Excuse me I _ I was blocking your way. 【2010全國(guó)II】 A. didnt realize B. dont realize C. havent realized D. wasnt realizing【考點(diǎn)示例八】 Excuse me I _ I was blocking your way. 【2010全國(guó)II】 A. didnt real

38、ize B. dont realize C. havent realized D. wasnt realizing Ive got to go now. 【2009重慶卷】 Must you? I _ you could stay for dinner with us. A. thinkB. thought C. have thoughtD. am thinking Ive got to go now. 【2009重慶卷】 Must you? I _ you could stay for dinner with us. A. thinkB. thought C. have thoughtD.

39、am thinking Ive got to go now. 【2009重慶卷】 Must you? I _ you could stay for dinner with us. A. thinkB. thought C. have thoughtD. am thinking考點(diǎn)八：表示“原以為”、“才知道”、“才注意到”等意思時(shí)，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。【考點(diǎn)示例九】 Have you finished reading Jane Eyre? 【2010全國(guó)I卷】 No, I _ my homework all day yesterday. A. was doing B. would

40、do C. has done D. do【考點(diǎn)示例九】 Have you finished reading Jane Eyre? 【2010全國(guó)I卷】 No, I _ my homework all day yesterday. A. was doing B. would do C. has done D. do Im tired out. I _ all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything.【2010湖南卷】 A. shopped B. have shopped C. had shopped D. have been sho

41、pping Im tired out. I _ all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything.【2010湖南卷】 A. shopped B. have shopped C. had shopped D. have been shopping Im tired out. I _ all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything.【2010湖南卷】 A. shopped B. have shopped C. had shopped D. have been shoppin

42、g考點(diǎn)九：現(xiàn)在/過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)除了表示現(xiàn)在/過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在/過(guò)去的暫時(shí)狀況之外，進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)還可以表示一種強(qiáng)烈的感情，完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)也是如此?！究键c(diǎn)示例十】 He _ to the lab than he set out to do the experiment. A. has no sooner got B. no sooner got C. will no sooner get D. had no sooner got【考點(diǎn)示例十】 He _ to the lab than he set out to do the experiment. A. has no sooner got B.

43、no sooner got C. will no sooner get D. had no sooner got【考點(diǎn)示例十】 He _ to the lab than he set out to do the experiment. A. has no sooner got B. no sooner got C. will no sooner get D. had no sooner got考點(diǎn)十：表示“某人剛就”的句型：sb. had hardly/scarcely done when sb.did/sb. had no sooner done than sb. did 該句型時(shí)態(tài)只有以上

44、一種形式?！究键c(diǎn)示例十一】 We _ that you would fix the TV set this week. Im sorry. I _ to, but Ive been too busy. A. had expected；had intended B. are expecting；had intended C. expect；intend D. expected；intend【考點(diǎn)示例十一】 We _ that you would fix the TV set this week. Im sorry. I _ to, but Ive been too busy. A. had ex

45、pected；had intended B. are expecting；had intended C. expect；intend D. expected；intend Youve failed to do what you _ to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you. A. will expect B. will be expected C. expected D. were expected Youve failed to do what you _ to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you.

46、A. will expect B. will be expected C. expected D. were expected Youve failed to do what you _ to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you. A. will expect B. will be expected C. expected D. were expected考點(diǎn)十一： plan / intend / mean(打算) /expect 動(dòng)作有“預(yù)先”的含義；had planned /intended / meant / expected可以用來(lái)表示“原本(實(shí)際上沒(méi)有)”的含義。【考點(diǎn)示例十二】 Do you like the material? Yes，it _ very soft. A. is feelingB. felt C. feelsD. is