英語語法專題名詞和冠詞

1、 Revision ofthe Sentence Structures句法結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)習(xí)高三英語第一輪復(fù)習(xí) 簡單句的五種基本句型句型種類主語謂語部分謂語動詞表語賓語補語S+Vi(主+謂)Patarrived.S+Vt+O(主+謂+賓)Sheplaysthe piano.S+Link.V+C(主+系+表)Theyare(系動詞)heroes.S+Vt+InO+DO(主+謂+雙賓)Iofferedhim 5 dollars.(人間物直)S+Vt+O+Oc(主+謂+復(fù)合賓語)Annmademecry.句子成分詳解句子成分意義充當(dāng)詞類例句主語表示句子說的是什么人或什么事名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動名詞，短語或句子

2、We study in HuangQiao Middle School.謂語說明主語做什么，是什么或怎么樣動詞或動詞詞組She is dancing under the tree.賓語表示動作行為的對象同主語Both of us like English.表語與聯(lián)系動詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征同主語Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定語用來修飾名詞或代詞形，代，數(shù)，名, 副，介詞短語或句子We have eight lessons every day.狀語修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞，表示動作發(fā)生的時間，地點，原因，

3、目的，方式，結(jié)果等副詞，介詞短語或句子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.賓語補足語邏輯上與賓語是主謂關(guān)系形容詞，名詞，介詞短語等She always keeps the house clean.主語謂語是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補輔助。賓主來自名代數(shù)，動詞作謂不可無！句子的分類分類說明例句簡單句由一個主語或并列主語和一個謂語或并列謂語構(gòu)成的句子。即一套主謂關(guān)系。1. Tom and I found her there. 2. We all breathe, eat and work.并列句由并列連詞（and,so,but, or等）把兩個

4、或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起而構(gòu)成的句子。1. He likes eggs, but he doesnt like chickens.2. Work hard or you will fall behind.復(fù)合句由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子1. I believe you are right.2. If you study harder, you will pass the exam.復(fù)合句的種類1. _ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A. What B. Who C. Wh

5、atever D. Whoever2. See the flags on top of the building? That was _ we did this morning. A. when B. which C. where D. what復(fù)合句的種類3. Please remind me _ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. A. where B. when C. how D. what在這個句子中,he said是一個插入語,he was going是一個賓語從句,復(fù)合句的種類4. He spoke prou

6、dly of his part in the game, without mentioning _ his teammates had done. A. what B. which C. why D. while主要測試賓語從句。結(jié)合語境可知動詞mentioning缺少賓語，同時動詞done也缺少賓語，也就是說雙重作用，還是引導(dǎo)詞what。譯文：他盡情表揚自己在游戲中的角色，根本沒提他的隊友都做了些什么。5. - Its thirty years since we last met. - But I still remember the story, believe it or not,_we

7、 got lost on a rainy night. A. which B. that C. what D. when這是that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句， 陳述the story 的具體內(nèi)容的。 注意從句中的意思， 結(jié)構(gòu)都很完整， 在這里that 無任何意義，也不充當(dāng)任何成分復(fù)合句的種類6. Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. A. why B. that C. where D. because沒有人相信他缺課的原因是他必須去機場

8、見他的叔叔。 這個句子主要結(jié)構(gòu)是主謂賓，主語是 nobody，謂語是 believed，賓語是 his reason for being absent from the class that he had to meet his uncle at the airport。其中在賓語部分有一個同位語從句，即 that 引導(dǎo)的后面的那個句子就是指的前面的那個原因，也就是說，his reason for being absent from the class（他缺課的原因）就是 he had to meet his uncle at the airport（他必須去機場見他的叔叔）。復(fù)合句的種類7.

9、 _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who8. Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which名詞和冠詞高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)專題之02專有名詞（Proper Nouns）和普通名詞 (Common Nouns）專有名詞是某個（些）人，地方，機構(gòu)等專有的名稱， 如Beijing，Chin

10、a等。普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個抽象概念的名詞， 如：book，sadness等。名詞的分類 1）個體名詞（Individual Nouns）：表示某類人或東西中的 個體，如：apple。 2）集體名詞（Collective Nouns）：表示若干個個體組成的 集合體，如：family。 3）物質(zhì)名詞（Material Nouns）：表示無法分為個體的實 物，如：milk。 4）抽象名詞（Abstract Nouns）：表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、 感情等抽象概念，如：work。普通名詞又分為四類個體名詞和集體名詞可以用數(shù)目來計算，稱為可數(shù)名詞（Countable Nouns）物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞

11、一般無法用數(shù)目計算，稱為不可數(shù)名詞（Uncountable Nouns）所以一般情況下我們所說的名詞復(fù)數(shù)指的就是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)問題歸納表格如下 |專有名詞 | | 名 | | 個體名詞 | | | | 可數(shù)名詞| | | 集體名詞 | |普通名詞 | | | 詞 | | 物質(zhì)名詞 | | | | 不可數(shù)名詞| | 抽象名詞 | |一般情況加 -s 1.清輔音后讀/s/ map-maps book-books 2.濁輔音和元音后讀 /z/ bag-bags car-cars名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(1)以s, sh, ch,x 等結(jié)尾的詞 加 -es 讀 /iz/bus-buses watch-wat

12、ches bridge- bridges以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等結(jié)尾的詞加 -s讀 /iz/ exercise-exercises 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(2)以y 結(jié)尾的專有名詞，或元音字母+y 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，直接加-s變復(fù)數(shù)： two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays以輔音字母+y 變y 為i結(jié)尾的詞 再加es 讀 /z/ baby-babies名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(3)以f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時： a. 加-s roof-roofs b. 去f, fe 加-ves half-halvesknife-knive

13、s leaf-leaves wolf-wolves life-lives thief-thievesc. 均可 handkerchief - handkerchiefs / handkerchieves 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(4)一個首領(lǐng)(chief)帶著一個農(nóng)奴(serf)在海灣(gulf)的懸崖(cliff)上發(fā)現(xiàn)一個屋頂(roof)上面有個保險箱(safe)。一個賊人(thief)的妻子(wife)冒著生命(life)危險用半(half)片樹葉(leaf)似的小刀(knife)殺死了一只狼(wolf)。 Heroes love tomatoes and potatoes.名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化

14、(5)foot - feetchild - childrentooth - teethmouse - mice名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化(1)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化(2)man - menwoman - womenmen doctorswomen teachersa Germansome GermansAmerican -Americans Australian-Australians Canadian-Canadianssome policemena policemanEnglishman Englishmen Frenchman - Frenchmen一些需要強調(diào)的表示人的名詞復(fù)數(shù)one shee

15、ptwo sheepa Chinesetwo Chinesea Japaneseseveral Japanese名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化(3):單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同one fish一條魚fishes不同種類的魚各種各樣的魚three fish三條魚some fish一些魚肉可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化(4): “fish”必須注意的若干名詞方面的問題(1) a.有些詞既可數(shù)又不可數(shù)但意思不同: paper 報紙/試卷/文件/講義 紙張time 次數(shù)/倍數(shù) 時間glass 玻璃杯 玻璃room 房間 空間fish 魚 魚肉 b.有些詞雖以-s結(jié)尾但卻是單數(shù): news , math(s) , p

16、hysics , politics, . c.有些詞始終是復(fù)數(shù)形式: people(人們), clothes, trousers, glasses(眼鏡) , works(著作), goods(貨物), times(時代). 有些詞通常都是復(fù)數(shù)形式: shoes, gloves, d. people有兩種意思:人/人們;民族There are 56 peoples in China. 民族(加-s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù))There are 56 people in the room. 人(們)(本身就是復(fù)數(shù)) e.這些是最常見的不可數(shù)名詞,一般都沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式news, information, weathe

17、r, work(工作), bread, knowledge, advice, fun但是可以加上一些表示單位的名詞來夠成短語: a _ of paper / bread / meat / work / advice a _ of tea / coffee a _of water / milk a _ of glasses / trousers / gloves必須注意的若干名詞方面的問題(2)piececupglass/bottlepaira.“數(shù)詞+名詞”構(gòu)成的合成詞作定語時該名詞用單數(shù)形式 a two-month holiday an 8-year-old boy試比較 the boys

18、400-metre race the boys 400 metres必須注意的特殊用法b.關(guān)于幾個表示數(shù)量的單位詞 hundreds / thousands / millions of people (表示約數(shù)時) 9 hundred / thousand / million people (表示準(zhǔn)確數(shù)量時)名詞的格在英語中有些名詞可以加s來表示所有或所屬關(guān)系，帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格，如：a teachers book。名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下：（修飾有生命的名詞用s，無生命的一般用of結(jié)構(gòu)） 1） 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加 s，復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s，也要加s，如the boys bag 男孩

19、的書包，mens room 男廁所。 專有名詞s結(jié)尾（一般應(yīng)加s）Charless job2） 若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s ，只加s，如：the workers struggle工人的斗爭。3） 凡不能加“s”的名詞，都可以用“名詞+of +名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。4） 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時，名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞，如：the barbers 理發(fā)店。5） 如果兩個名詞并列，并且分別有s，則表示“分別有”；只有一個s，則表示共有。 如：Johns and Marys room（兩間） John and M

20、arys room（一間）6） 復(fù)合名詞或短語，s 加在最后一個詞的詞尾。 如：a month or twos absence 雙重所有格 在英語中，-s所有格與of所有格放在一起使用所構(gòu)成的結(jié)構(gòu)叫雙重所有格。例如：Some photos of my parentswill be put away. An old friend of hers wrote a letter to her last week. A lot of clothes of my aunts were bought in Shanghai. 雙重所有格的用法 （1）of前面的名詞之前通常有一個限定詞，如a/an, any

21、, some, no, few, several, two等。例如：some books of Lu Xun s 魯迅的一些作品 a few friends of mine 我的一些朋友 several toys of the child s 這個孩子的幾件玩具（2）of前面的名詞通?？梢杂弥甘敬~this, that來強調(diào)某種感情色彩。如This ball of Hu Pings is not expensive.胡平的這個球不貴。Im not pleased with that answer of hers.我對她的答案感到不滿意。（3）of后帶-s的名詞通常是表示具體的人的名詞，或是名詞

22、性物主代詞。例如： That s the spirit of the workers. This is a daughter of theirs.3）of所有格與雙重所有格結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別 （1） 側(cè)重點不同。試區(qū)別 She is a sister of my fathers.(側(cè)重說明父親的妹妹不止一個) She is a sister of my father. (側(cè)重說明“她”是父親的惟一一個妹妹)（2）當(dāng)of前的名詞是picture等詞時，含義不同。試區(qū)別： It is a picture of my mothers.這是我媽媽收藏的一幅畫。 It is a picture of my mo

23、ther.這是我媽媽的一張照片。 名詞的句法功能:名詞在句中可以做主語，表語，賓語，賓語補足語，定語，狀語，同位語和呼語等如：Yesterday a boy came to see you. (主語)Edison was a world-famous inventor. (表語)Would you like some bananas? (賓語)We chose him monitor of our class.（賓語補足語）They will meet at the school gate. (定語)The new film will last two hours. (狀語)Mr Smith,

24、 my first teacher, died yesterday.(同位語)Boys and girls, please look at the blackboard. (呼語) Revision of the Articles冠詞高三英語第一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專題之021I cant remember when exactly the Robinsons left _ city. I only remember it was _Monday.A. the; the B. a; the C. a; a D. the; a2 If you buy more than ten, they knock 2

25、0 percent off _.A. a price B. price C. the price D. prices說聽雙方均知曉的事物或定指的事物用定冠詞；泛指用不定冠詞考點1考查不定冠詞和定冠詞的基本用法不定冠詞的特殊考查要點11 Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?Sorry, wrong number. There isnt _ Mr. Smith here.A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one2 John, there is _ Mr. Wilson on the phone for you.Im in the bath.A. / B. a

26、 C. the D. one不定冠詞放在姓名前a certain，意為“某一（個）”。不定冠詞的特殊考查要點2 John had made up his mind to give it up, but on _ second thought he determined to try _ third time.A. /; a B. /; / C. a; a D. the; a 本題考查冠詞。on second thought固定結(jié)構(gòu)，轉(zhuǎn)念一想;a third time,又/再一次，無論序數(shù)詞是幾，都加a/an，句意：約翰本來打定主意放棄了，但轉(zhuǎn)念一想，又決定再試一次。2、不定冠詞放在序數(shù)詞前表“

27、再一，又一”。1 One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain _ good knowledge of basic word formation.A. / B. the C. a D. one2 China first-ever F1 race has proved _ great success. It provides _ platform for Chinese companies to connect with the international market.A. a; a B. /; a C. /; the D. t

28、he; the不定冠詞的特殊考查要點3 抽象名詞具體化和不可數(shù)名詞具體話常加定冠詞a success/failure/shame/surprise/honor/pleasure1. After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson _ ride to _ Capital Airport.Athe; a Ba; the C不填; a D不填; the2. The driver was at _ loss when word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding.A. a; B. / C. the D. one不定冠

29、詞的特殊考查要點44、常用于一些固定搭配中 give sb a rideat a loss?？疾欢ü谠~使用搭配a most important tip, a 17th century cottage農(nóng)舍, have a gift for, a collection of, a world of, give sb. a ride(載某人一程), keep up a good state of mind（處于良好的狀態(tài)或情形), be at a loss, in a mess, a means of一種.的方式, make a living, have a better understanding

30、 of, there was a time when., make a discovery, without saying a word, 仔細(xì)思考, have a break, make a study of對.加以研究, make a stir(產(chǎn)生轟動), take/have a walk, all of a sudden, keep it a secret, develop an interest in, in a hurry, pay a visit to, an average of., many a +n(不止一個）定冠詞的特殊考查要點11 After dinner he gav

31、e Mr. Richardson _ ride to _ Capital Airport.A. the; a B. a; the C. a; / D. the;/ 2 The most important thing about cotton in history is _ part it played in _ Industrial Revolution.A. /; / B. the; / C. the; the D. a; the兩個都是特指，第一個the part后面是一個定語從句，限定了part，Industrial Revolution 是工業(yè)革命，專有名詞。1、由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有

32、名詞前加定冠詞。the great wall, the WHO等In China, _ car is becoming _ popular means of transportation.A. the; a B. a; / C. the; the D. a; theWhile he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made _ discovery which completely changed _ mans understanding of color.A. a; / B. a; the C. /; the D.

33、 the; a 定冠詞的特殊考查要點22、the可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)特指某一類別。注意：man表示“人類”時只能用單數(shù)，不能加冠詞。Who invented _ computer?I dont know.A. a B. the C. / D. one定冠詞的特殊考查要點33、發(fā)明創(chuàng)造物前加定冠詞the。Summer in _ south of France are for _ most part dry.A. /; a B. the; / C. /;/ D. the; the定冠詞的特殊考查要點44、表示方位的名詞前加定冠詞the。但在a town east of Chongqing等結(jié)構(gòu)中方位名詞前

34、不用冠詞。法國的南部 south 特指，所以加定冠詞。 for the most part 短語 ：在極大程度上The cleaning women get paid by _ hour.A. / B. the C. an D. one定冠詞的特殊考查要點55、按.方式的表達中。get paid by the hour/the day注意：be sold by weight/timeby the +度量衡單位名詞in名詞復(fù)數(shù)by +度量衡名詞This is out of _ question an example of an important rule that applies to all

35、 machines.Thank you for your explanation, but it left me none _ wiser.A. the; a B. a; the C. /; the D. a; /定冠詞的特殊考查要點66、在固定短語和搭配中knock 10% off the price, on the phone, the same, the former.the latter., break the silence, in the South of China, for the most part(整體上，多半), the Chinese/Japanese/French l

36、anguage, the first one, the largest one, the Smiths, none the +比較級(一點也不比.), the city of London/Shanghai, make the most of充分利用, for the moment(暫時), in the event of.(=in case of), play the piano the sun/moon/universe?？级ü谠~的固定搭配Five years ago her brother was _ university student of _ physics.A. a; the B., an; the C. an; / D. a; /零冠詞的特殊考查要點11、在學(xué)科名詞前不用冠詞。In face of _ failure, it is the most important to keep up _ good state of mind.A. /; a B. a; / C. the; / D. /; the零冠詞的特殊考查要點22、在專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞前不用冠詞。如：Australia, wool, air, life, love, education, society，failure等等。但注意抽象名詞具體化前加冠詞。He was elected _ pre