選修8 -名詞性從句

1、主語從句Stepl：找出下列各句的主語1.Youareastudent2.Atreehasfallenacrosstheroad.Smokingisbadforyou.4.Tofindyourwaycanbeaproblem.Step2：找出下列各句的主語。Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Whowillgototheconcertisnotknown.Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.Whydinosaursdiedoutremainsapuzzle.Howtheywillsolvetheseriousproblem

2、todayhasnotbeendecided.Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatthelittlegirlcouldplaytheviolinsowell.Itsstrangethatheknowsnothingaboutit.Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.ItissaidthatPresidentHuJingtaowillvisitourschoolnextweek.小結(jié)歸納主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有Step3:用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空，使句子意思完整。hedidntattendthemeetingyesterdaywasntquiteclear.T

3、heForeignMinistersaid,“Itisourhopethetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”comestothepartywillreceiveapresent.Itsreportedthreepeoplewerekilledintheaccidentandfivewerehurtbadly.hesolvedtheproblemsuccessfullyinterestedallofus.Weusuallythinkwecantgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.ItisafactEnglishisbeingacceptedasan

4、internationallanguage.Step4:翻譯下列句子Whetherhecanfinishthetasksuccessfullyisuncertain.Itisnecessarythateverybodyhasadictionary.Whokilledthescientistisstill(remains)apuzzle.Whateveryousaidmaydoharmtoothers.Itisprobablethathehasforgottenourappointmenttoday.賓語從句（TheObjectClause）（一）定義及結(jié)構(gòu)1賓語從句的概念：賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作

5、主句的賓語2句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主句+連詞（引導(dǎo)詞）+賓語從句.如：Iknowhim.（簡單句）主語謂語賓語Iknowwhoheis.（復(fù)雜句）主語謂語連詞從句主語從句胃語.主句從句,.引導(dǎo)詞連接詞：that;whether,if;連接代詞：who;whom;whose;which;what;whatever;whoever等連接副詞：when;where;why;how（二）賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞.當(dāng)賓語從句是陳述句時(shí)（包括肯定句和否定句），連詞由that引導(dǎo)，因?yàn)閠hat在從句中不作任何成分，也沒有任何具體意思，因此在口語或非正式文體中常省略LinTaofeels（that）hisownteamiseve

6、nbetter.在主句為動(dòng)詞be加某些形容詞（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad,ashamed，proud，pleased，satisfied，confident等）作表語時(shí)，后面所跟的省略that的從句也可算是賓語從句。Imsorry（that）Idontknow.當(dāng)賓語從句是一般疑問句時(shí)，由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)（口語中常用if），因?yàn)閕f/whether翻譯成：是否，具有一定的意義，所以不能省略;如果從句中有or或ornot,則只能用whether不能用ifLilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Idon

7、tknowwhethershewillcomeornot.當(dāng)賓語從句是特殊疑問句時(shí)，由連接代詞(what,who,whom,which,whose)或連接副詞(when,where,how,why)引導(dǎo)，因?yàn)檫B接代詞或連接副詞在從句中擔(dān)任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意義，所以不可以省略Idontknowwhyhelookssosad.IaskedhimwhereIcouldborrowsomuchmoney.Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?Payattentionto：帶how的詞組也都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句Couldyoutellushowmuchitcoststof

8、lytoHainan?Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?？Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast？4.“it”作形式賓語it作形式賓語，代替賓語從句。這是為了保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡。Shetookitforgrantedthathersonwouldstudymedicine.她想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為她兒子會(huì)學(xué)醫(yī)的。Shehasmadeitclearthatshewasntresponsiblefortheaccident.她澄清了她不對這個(gè)事故負(fù)責(zé)。Wethinkitimportantthateveryonesh

9、ouldobeythetrafficregulation.我們認(rèn)為人人遵守交通規(guī)則是非常重要的。即學(xué)即練Theyoungmanaskeditssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whetherWedontknowtheydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.whichTheteacherasksusJimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattimeIwonderheiscryingnow.A.thatB.whyC.howD.whenThechairmanthought_necessarytoinv

10、iteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.(05全國)A.thatB.itC.thisD.him(三)賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài).如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)），從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定，（包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等）*Iknowheliveshere.*Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.*Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.如果主句是過去的時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)），那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用相對應(yīng)的過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)，

11、過去完成時(shí)）*Iknewwholivedhere.*Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.*Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.*Hesaidthathehadseenit.當(dāng)從句是客觀真理，定義，公理，定理時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。*Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.即學(xué)即練1.Heaskedme.wheredidMr.GreenliveC.whereMr.GreenlivedwhereMr.GreenlivesD.wheredidMr.Greenlived.When

12、Iwasveryyoung,myteachertoldme.theearthwentaroundthesunC.theearthgoesaroundthesuntheearthwasgoingaroundthesunD.theearthhadgonearoundthesun.-Couldyoutellme?-Yes,hetoUSA.whereheis;hasgoneC.whereishe;hasbeenwherehewas;hasgoneD.wherewashe;hasbeen（四）賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序用陳述語序：連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分當(dāng)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,wh

13、at,when,where,how,why等表疑問時(shí)，不能按正常語序安排,經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首Payattentionto：1.could/would是委婉語氣，而不是過去式，因此賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況用不同時(shí)態(tài)。Couldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?Couldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?.如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是ask時(shí)，連詞不可能是that；如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是say時(shí)，連詞用thatShesays(that)shewillleave

14、amessageonhisdesk.Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.如果從句中含有or或ornot時(shí)，只能用whether而不用ifCouldyoutellmewhetherthatsafasttrainornot?Doyouknowwhetherheisrightornot?Idontcarewhetherhellstayhereornot.連詞if和when在不同從句中的區(qū)別：Doyouknowifbacknextweek?Ifheback,pleaseletmeknow.CA.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,

15、comesC.hewillcome,comesD.hewillcome,willcome主句從句一般將來時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)祈使句含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Idontknowwhenhe(come).Icantwaithereanymore.Whenhe(come),pleaseletmeknow.Wouldyoupleaseaskhim(call)me?連詞+賓語從句連詞+todoIdontknowwhatIshalldonext.Idontknowwhattodonext.Shedidntdecidewhichoneshewouldchoose.Shedidntdecidewhichonetochoose.Pl

16、easetellmewhomyoullgivetheletterto.Pleasetellmewhomtogivetheletterto.表語從句（一）定義.定義：在復(fù)合句中做系動(dòng)詞的表語的從句叫做表語從句。.引導(dǎo)詞：連接詞：that;whether;asif;asthough連接代詞：who;whom;whose;which;what連接副詞：when;where;why;how;because(二)表語從句引導(dǎo)詞注意事項(xiàng).that引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)不能省.if不能引導(dǎo)表語從句.除that外的所有引導(dǎo)詞都有自己的意義.除that,whether外的所有引導(dǎo)詞都須在從句中充當(dāng)相應(yīng)的成分連接詞用法：

17、1)that在表語從句中既不充當(dāng)成分，又沒有意義。Thefactisthathehasntrecoveredfromillnessyet.2)whether在表語從句中表是否，但不充當(dāng)句子的成分。Whatthedoctorreallydoubtsiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.3)what在表語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語表示什么，什么樣子，或所的(人或事)”.Thequestioniswhatcausedtheaccident.Thatmountainisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.Whathetol

18、dyouwaswhathadbeendiscussedatthemeeting.4)who在表語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語表示“誰”.TheproblemiswhocoulddotheworkMytroubleiswho(whom)Icanturnto.5)which在引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí),常充當(dāng)定語,表語表示“其中哪一個(gè)”。Ireadaboutitinsomebookoranother,butwhatIdontknowwhich(book)itis.6)由asif,asthough引導(dǎo)表語從句，表示好像。句子中的系動(dòng)詞常用look,appear,seem等。Itlooksasifitisgoing

19、torain.Theyoungmanwithlonghairlooksasifhewereagirl.7)當(dāng)主句的主語為reason,或者是由why引導(dǎo)的從句時(shí)，與它們相關(guān)的表語從句用that來引導(dǎo),而不能由because引導(dǎo);because引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)只能用于t/That/Thisis/wasbecauset/That/Thisis/wasbecause句型中.ThereasonwhyIwaslatewasthatImissedthetrain.Iwaslate.It/That/ThiswasbecauseImissedthetrain.8)當(dāng)表語從句中主語、賓語、表語具備，但是還是要表示

20、疑問含義，可以判斷句子中缺少狀語，常常用相應(yīng)的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)，有why,when,where,how等Thisishowhedidit.Thatiswhythebrotherswantedtomakeabet.Thatswhywevegivenyoutheletter.即學(xué)即練hereallymeansishedisagreeswithus.A.WhatthatB.ThatwhatC.WhatwhatD.ThatwhatTheenergyismakesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.suchSeetheflagsontopofthe

21、building?Thatwaswedidthismorning.(06全國)A.whenB.whichC.whereD.whatShelookedsheweretenyearsyounger.A.thatB.likeC.asD.asthoughWhatIwanttoknowishelikesthegiftgivenbyus.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.不填Thereasonwhyhefailedishewastoocareless.A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseof(三)表語從句的總結(jié)性句型.)The+名詞(problem,truth,fact,et

22、c)be+that從句Thefactisthatheisneverlateforschool.Hedidntreadlastmonth.Thereasonisthathedidnthavesparetime.Thereasonwhyhedidntreadmuchlastmonthisthathedidnthavesparetime.)This/Thatis+從句(where/how/why/because.)ThatiswhereheworkedbeforemovingtoBeijing.Hefailedtheexamlastweek.Thatisbecausehefellill.Hefell

23、illlastweek.Thatiswhyhefailedtheexamlastweek.)主語從句be+表語從句WhatIknowisthatheishonestandresponsible.同位語從句一、概念所謂同位語，是指跟在某些名詞的后面，對前者做進(jìn)一步的解釋、說明、補(bǔ)充和概括，但不對前者起修飾作用的一種句子成分。Step1:找出下列句子中的同位語Theyoungestboy,Peter,refusedtoacceptthemoneyThatsherhabit,readinginbedYoursuggestion,tostrikewhiletheironishot,seemedagoodideaYesterdayImetTom,afriendofmybrothers.Step2:劃出下列句子中的同位語從句ThepossibilitythatthemajorityofthelaborforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussedWearen