巖土工程專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ) - 可刪減

1、巖土工程專(zhuān)業(yè)外語(yǔ)詞匯大全中英翻譯綜合類(lèi)大地工程geotechnical engineering 臨界狀態(tài)土力學(xué)critical state soil mechanics數(shù)值巖土力學(xué)numerical geomechanics巖土工程geotechnical engineering應(yīng)力路徑stress path工程地質(zhì)及勘察變質(zhì)巖metamorphic rock標(biāo)準(zhǔn)凍深standard frost penetration殘積土eluvial soil, residual soil層理 beding長(zhǎng)石feldspar沉積巖sedimentary rock次生礦物secondary mineral

2、地質(zhì)圖geological map斷裂構(gòu)造fracture structure工程地質(zhì)勘察engineering geological exploration花崗巖granite化學(xué)沉積巖chemical sedimentary rock解理 cleavage礦物硬度hardness of minerals流滑flow slide泥石流mud flow, debris flow粘土礦物clay minerals潛水 ground water 侵入巖intrusive rock 砂巖 sandstone深成巖plutionic rock石灰?guī)rlimestone巖層產(chǎn)狀attitude of ro

3、ck巖漿巖magmatic rock, igneous rock巖石風(fēng)化程度degree of rock weathering巖石構(gòu)造structureof巖石結(jié)構(gòu)texture of rock shale原生礦物primary mineral造巖礦物rock-forming mineral褶皺fold, folding土的分類(lèi)飽和土saturated soil超固結(jié)土overconsolidated soil沖填土dredger fill凍土frozen soil非飽和土unsaturated 分散性土dispersive soil silt粉質(zhì)粘土silty clay紅粘土red clay

4、, adamic earth黃土loess粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil膨脹土expansive soil, swelling soil 欠固結(jié)粘土underconsolidated soil 區(qū)域性土zonal soil人工填土fill, artificial soil軟粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle濕陷性黃土collapsible loess, slumping loess素填土plain fill塑性圖plasticity chart碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, cha

5、t, crushed stone, deritus未壓密土（臺(tái)）underconsolidated clay無(wú)粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil,non-cohesive soil淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush淤泥質(zhì)土mucky soil原狀土undisturbed soil正常固結(jié)土normally consolidated soil（臺(tái) consolidated soil自重濕陷性黃土self weight collapse loess土的物理性質(zhì)飽和度degree of saturation飽和密度saturated den

6、sity飽和重度saturated unit weight比重 specific gravity稠度 consistency觸變 thixotropy干重度dry unit weight干密度dry density塑性指數(shù)plasticity index含水量water content, moisture content級(jí)配 gradation, grading結(jié)合水boundwater,combinedwater,water界限含水量Atterberg limits顆粒級(jí)配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composition

7、of soil可塑性plasticity 孔隙比void ratio 孔隙率porosity毛細(xì)管水capillary water密實(shí)度compactionness年粘性土的靈敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil曲率系數(shù)coefficient of curvature三相土tri-phase soil濕陷起始應(yīng)力initial collapse pressure 濕陷系數(shù)coefficient of collapsibility 縮限 shrinkage limit土粒相對(duì)密度specific density of solid particles相對(duì)密度relative

8、 density, density index 相對(duì)壓密度relative compaction, compacting factor, percent compa ction, coefficient of compaction壓密系數(shù)coefficient of consolidation壓縮性compressibility液限liquid limit液性指數(shù)liquidity index游離水（臺(tái)）free water重力密度unit weight自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water組構(gòu)fabric

9、最大干密度maximum dry density最優(yōu)含水量optimum water content滲透性和滲流 浸潤(rùn)線phreatic臨界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient流函數(shù)flow function滲流 seepage滲流量seepage discharge滲透破壞seepage failure滲透系數(shù)coefficient of permeability滲透性permeability勢(shì)函數(shù)potential function水力梯度hydraulic gradientdeformation變形模量modulus of deformation殘余變形resi

10、dual deformation超靜孔隙水壓力excessporepressure沉降 settlement次固結(jié)沉降secondary consolidation settlement次固結(jié)系數(shù)coefficient of secondaryconsolidation切線模量tangent modulus蠕變 creep三向變形條件下的固結(jié)沉降three-dimensional consolidation ement彈性平衡狀態(tài)state of elastic equilibrium 體積變形模量volumetric deformation modulus先期固結(jié)壓力preconsolida

11、tion pressure壓縮模量modulus of compressibility 壓縮系數(shù)coefficient of compressibility 有效應(yīng)力effective stress自重應(yīng)力self-weight stress總應(yīng)力total stress approach of shear strength固結(jié)超固結(jié)比over-consolidation ratio 超靜孔隙水壓力excessporepressure固結(jié)度degree of consolidation 固結(jié)理論theory of consolidation 固結(jié)曲線consolidation curve固結(jié)速

12、率rate of consolidation固結(jié)系數(shù)coefficient of consolidation固結(jié)壓力consolidation pressure回彈曲線rebound curve砂井 sand drain砂井地基平均固結(jié)度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground 時(shí)間對(duì)數(shù)擬合法logrithm of time fitting method太沙基固結(jié)理論Terzaghi s consolidation theory先期固結(jié)壓力preconsolidation pressure壓密度（臺(tái)）degree of con

13、solidation壓縮曲線cpmpression curve一維固結(jié)one dimensional consolidation有效應(yīng)力原理principleofeffectivestress預(yù)壓密壓力（臺(tái)）preconsolidation pressure原始?jí)嚎s曲線virgin compression curve再壓縮曲線recompression curve主固結(jié)primary consolidation主壓密（臺(tái)）primary consolidationK0 consolidation under K0 condition抗剪強(qiáng)度單軸抗拉強(qiáng)度uniaxial tension test

14、 動(dòng)強(qiáng)度dynamic strength of soils 峰值強(qiáng)度peak strength伏斯列夫參數(shù)Hvorslev parameter剪切應(yīng)變速率shear strain rate抗剪強(qiáng)度shear strength抗剪強(qiáng)度參數(shù)shear strength parameter 抗剪強(qiáng)度有效應(yīng)力法effective stress approach of shear strength抗剪強(qiáng)度總應(yīng)力法total stress approach of shear strength摩爾庫(kù)侖理論Mohr-Coulomb theory內(nèi)摩擦角angle of internal friction粘聚力

15、cohesion破裂角angle of rupture破壞準(zhǔn)則failure criterion有效內(nèi)摩擦角effective angle of internal friction有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept 有效應(yīng)力破壞包線effective stress failure envelope有效應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度參數(shù)effective stress strength parameter有效應(yīng)力原理principle of effective stress真內(nèi)摩擦角true angle internal friction真粘聚力true cohesion總應(yīng)力破壞包線

16、total stress failure envelope總應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度參數(shù)total stress strengthparameter本構(gòu)模型本構(gòu)模型constitutive model邊界面模型boundary surface model 層向各向同性體模型crossanisotropic model摩爾庫(kù)侖屈服準(zhǔn)則Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion切線模量tangent modulus屈服面yield surface彈塑性模量矩陣elastoplastic modulus matrix彈塑性模型elastoplastic modulus地基承載力沖剪破壞punching

17、 shear failure次層（臺(tái)）substratum地基 subgrade, ground, foundation soil地基承載力bearing capacity of foundation soil地基極限承載力ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基允許承載力allowable bearingcapacity of foundation soil地基穩(wěn)定性stability of foundation soil整體剪切破壞general shear failure土壓力被動(dòng)土壓力passive earth pressure 被動(dòng)

18、土壓力系數(shù)coefficient of passive earth pressure極限平衡狀態(tài)state of limit equilibrium靜止土壓力earth pressue at rest 靜止土壓力系數(shù)coefficient of earth pressur at rest庫(kù)侖土壓力理論Coulombsearththeory庫(kù)爾曼圖解法Culmannn construction朗肯土壓力理論Rankine s earth pressure theory朗肯狀態(tài)Rankine state彈性平衡狀態(tài)state of elastic equilibrium土壓力earth press

19、ure主動(dòng)土壓力active earth pressure主動(dòng)土壓力系數(shù)coefficient of active earth pressure土坡穩(wěn)定分析邊坡穩(wěn)定安全系數(shù)safety factor slope土坡 slope土坡穩(wěn)定分析slopestabilityanalysis 分析土坡穩(wěn)定極限分析法limit method of slopestability分析土坡穩(wěn)定極限平衡法limitequilibrium method of slopestability16. 基坑開(kāi)挖與降水板樁圍護(hù)sheet pile-braced cuts 電滲法electro-osmotic drainage

20、 管涌 piping基底隆起heave of base基坑降水dewatering基坑失穩(wěn)instability (failure) of foundation pit基坑圍護(hù)bracing of foundation pit減壓井relief well降低地下水位法dewatering method井點(diǎn)系統(tǒng)well point system噴射井點(diǎn)eductor well point鉛直邊坡的臨界高度critical height vertical slope砂沸 sand boiling深井點(diǎn)deep well point真空井點(diǎn)vacuum well point支撐圍護(hù)braced cu

21、ts19. 地基處理表層壓密法surface compaction 超載預(yù)壓surcharge preloading 袋裝砂井sand wick地工織物geofabric, geotextile地基處理ground treatment, foundation treatment電動(dòng)化學(xué)灌漿electrochemical grouting電滲法electro-osmotic drainage頂升糾偏法定噴 directional jet grouting凍土地基處理frozen foundation improvement短樁處理treatment with short pile堆載預(yù)壓法pre

22、loading粉體噴射深層攪拌法powder deep mixing method復(fù)合地基composite foundation干振成孔灌注樁vibratory bored pile高壓噴射注漿法jet grounting 灌漿材料injection material 灌漿法grouting硅化法silicification夯實(shí)樁compacting pile化學(xué)灌漿chemical grouting換填法cushion灰土樁lime soil pile擠密灌漿compaction grouting錨固技術(shù)anchoring錨桿靜壓樁托換anchor pile underpinning排水固

23、結(jié)法consolidation膨脹土地基處理expansive foundation treatment劈裂灌漿fracture grouting淺層處理shallow treatment 強(qiáng)夯法dynamic compaction 人工地基artificial foundation軟土地基soft clay ground砂井 sand drain砂井地基平均固結(jié)度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground室內(nèi)土工試驗(yàn)常水頭滲透試驗(yàn)constant head permeability test單剪儀simple shear ap

24、paratus單軸拉伸試驗(yàn)uniaxial tensile test固結(jié)排水試驗(yàn)consolidated drained triaxial test固結(jié)試驗(yàn)consolidation test含水量試驗(yàn)water content test黃土濕陷試驗(yàn)loess collapsibility test快剪試驗(yàn)quick direct shear test快速固結(jié)試驗(yàn)fast consolidation test離心模型試驗(yàn)centrifugal model test連續(xù)加荷固結(jié)試驗(yàn)continual loading 慢剪試驗(yàn)consolidateddraineddirect shear test

25、毛細(xì)管上升高度試驗(yàn)capillary rise test密度試驗(yàn)density test扭剪儀torsion shear apparatus膨脹率試驗(yàn)swelling rate test平面應(yīng)變儀plane strain apparatus三軸伸長(zhǎng)試驗(yàn)triaxial extension test三軸壓縮試驗(yàn)triaxial compression test砂的相對(duì)密實(shí)度試驗(yàn)sandrelativetest滲透試驗(yàn)permeability test濕化試驗(yàn)slaking test收縮試驗(yàn)shrinkage test塑限試驗(yàn)plastic limit test縮限試驗(yàn)shrinkage limi

26、t test土工模型試驗(yàn)geotechnical model test土工織物試驗(yàn)geotextile test無(wú)側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn)unconfined compression strength test真三軸儀true triaxial apparatus振動(dòng)單剪試驗(yàn)dynamic simple shear test直剪儀direct shear apparatus直接剪切試驗(yàn)direct shear test直接單剪試驗(yàn)direct simple shear test 自振柱試驗(yàn)free vibration column test K0 固結(jié)不排水試驗(yàn)K0 consolidated undr

27、ained testK0 固結(jié)排水試驗(yàn)K0 consolidated drained test原位測(cè)試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)貫入試驗(yàn)standard penetration test表面波試驗(yàn)surface wave test超聲波試驗(yàn)ultrasonic wave test承載比試驗(yàn)CalifoniaBearingRatioTest 單樁橫向載荷試驗(yàn)lateralloadtestofpile 單樁豎向靜載荷試驗(yàn)staticloadtestof動(dòng)力觸探試驗(yàn)dynamicpenetrationtest靜力觸探試驗(yàn)static cone penetration test靜力載荷試驗(yàn)plate loading test跨孔試驗(yàn)cross-hole testmeasurement十字板剪切試驗(yàn)vaneshear無(wú)損檢測(cè)nondestructive testing 下孔法試驗(yàn)down-holetest現(xiàn)場(chǎng)滲透試驗(yàn)field permeability test 原位孔隙水壓力量測(cè)in situ pore water pressure measurement原位試驗(yàn)in-situ soil test最后貫入度f(wàn)inal set輕便觸探試驗(yàn)light sounding test深層沉降觀測(cè)deep settlementgabbro輝長(zhǎng)巖geographicalmapping地理勘察；地理測(cè)繪geologi