Chemistry 332 - William Fremd High School：332 -威廉來到高中化學

1、Chemistry 332Chapter 8Section 1THE MOLE!Created by Karl CraddockFremd High SchoolLets Take A QuizReady?Lets Go!What is a mole?A.) A blind furry animal.B.) A brown mark on your body.C.) An important Chemistry concept.D.) All of these.As you may have guessed, D is the correct answer!Although a mole mi

2、ght be cute and fuzzy, we are going to focus on the Chemistry concept.A mole is a counting unit.Just like:12 eggs equals a dozen eggs144 pencils equals one gross of pencils60 seconds equals one minute500 sheets of paper equals one reamOne mole equals 6.022 x 1023 particlesSo one mole of eggs would b

3、e 6.022 x 1023 eggsOne mole of pencils would be 6.022 x 1023 pencilsAnd so on.Where did the mole come from? The unit, called the mole (or mol), is defined as the number of atoms in exactly 12g of the carbon-12 isotopeThe number of particles in one mole, 6.022 x 1023, is known as Avogadros constant o

4、r number.This was named after Amedeo Avogadro (1776-1856) whose ideas were crucial to the early development in Chemistry 6.022 x 1023 is a very large number!If we did not use scientific notation to write out 6.022 x 1023, we would write out 6022 with 20 zeros after it.Why dont we try it. 602,200,000

5、,000,000,000,000,000Wow that is a BIG number!Imagine that we had a mole of gumballs.If all 6 billion people on Earth were to do nothing but count the gumballs in one mole at the rate of one gumball per second, it would take over 3 million years to count all the gumballs!What is all of this used for?

6、Avogadros constant can be used to convert an amount of moles into the equivalent number of atoms or grams.This conversion is similar to changing 8 dozen eggs into the number of individual eggs.Although this maybe easy to calculate quickly in your head or on your calculator, the following strategy wi

7、ll make it easier for you later in this Chapter.Mole Problem Solving StrategyExample: How many eggs are in 8 dozen?1. List what you know. (What was given in the problem?)2. Setup the problem. Dont forget your units and show every step.3. NOW, and only now, use your calculator to verify the answer. 1

8、. # of dozen = 8 dozen# of eggs = ? Eggs2. 8 dozen x =?eggs8 dozen x =?eggs3. 8 x = 96 eggsLooks easy right Now you try one: How many pencils are in 9 gross?1. List what you know. (What was given in the problem?)2. Setup the problem. Dont forget your units and show every step.3. NOW, and only now, u

9、se your calculator to verify the answer. 1. # of gross = 9 gross # of pencils = ?pencils2. 9 gross X = ?pencils 9 gross X = ?pencils3. 9 x = 1296 pencilsThis strategy can also be used with the mole concept.How many atoms are in 3.5 moles of copper? 1.The procedure is the same. List what you know. 2.

10、 Notice that 3.5 moles is in the numerator and then 1 mol is in the denominator. This allows you to cross out units.3. Now calculate the answer. Does it make sense? 1. # of moles of Cu = 3.5 mol# of Cu atoms = ?2.3.5 mol Cu x= ? atoms Cu3.5 mol Cu x= ? atoms Cu3.5 x = 2.1x 1024 atoms CuYou can also

11、convert from atoms to moles YEAH!How many moles are in 3.01 x 1023 atoms of Sodium?1. # of Na atoms = 3.01 x 1023 atoms# of moles of Na = ?2. 3.01 x 1023 atoms x = ? mol Na 3.01 x 1023 atoms x = ? mol Na 3. 3.01 x 1023 x = 0.500 mol NaIts your turn again!How many atoms are in 7.5 mol of Argon?Before

12、 you start throwing down random numbers. Think about the problem. Should the final answer be bigger or smaller than 6.022 x 1023?Since 1 mole is 6.022 x 1023 atoms, 7.5 moles has to be a larger number of atoms.Thinking through the problem before you start it will allow you know if you solved the pro

13、blem correctly.Now calculate: How many atoms are in 7.5 mol of Argon?1. # of moles of Ar = 7.5 mol# of atoms of Ar = ? atoms2. 7.5 mol Ar x = ? atoms Ar 7.5 mol Ar x = ? atoms Ar 3. 7.5 x = 4.52 x 1024 atoms ArNow in small groups try the following practice problems1. How many atoms are present in 3.

14、7 mol of sodium?2. How many atoms are present in 155 mol of arsenic?3. How many moles of xenon is 5.66 x 1026 atoms?(pg. 278 practice problems # 1-3)If you showed all the steps, the correct answers are:1. 2.2 x 1024 Na atoms2.9.33 x 1025 As atoms3.940. mol XeHere are a few mole problem pointers: THI

15、NK about the problem before, after and while you are doing the problem. Does the answer make sense. Dont just randomly plug in numbers into your calculator.Follow the setup. Your teacher is not doing this because they are mean. (although you may disagree) This setup is the easiest and best way to always get the correct answer.Now you are ready for some mole jokes!Who is Avogadros favorite actor?Mol Gibson. Get it? Ha haWhere did Avogadro go on Saturday?The shopping mole. Wow these are funny!What did Avogadro have on his pancakes?Molasses! I know you may think the