英語句子成分分析簡單句句型市公開課金獎(jiǎng)市賽課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

1、 什么叫句子成份呢？句子組成成份叫句子成份。在句子中，詞與詞之間有一定組合關(guān)系，按照不一樣關(guān)系，能夠把句子分為不一樣組成成份。句子成份由詞或詞組充當(dāng)。 當(dāng)代漢語里普通句子成份有六種，即主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。 英語基本成份有七種：主語（subject）、謂語（predicate）、表語（predicative）、賓語（object）、定語（attribute）、狀語(adverbial) 和補(bǔ)語（complement）。第1頁 英語句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)能夠歸納成五種基本句型，掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)。英語五種基本句型列式以下：一： （主謂）二： （主系表）三： （主謂

2、賓）四： （主謂間賓直賓）五： （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）第2頁基本句型 一： （主謂）主語：能夠作主語成份有名詞（如boy），主格代詞（如you），動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞等。主語普通在句首。注意名詞單數(shù)形式常和冠詞不分家！ 謂語：謂語由動(dòng)詞組成，是英語時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)改變主角，普通在主語之后。不及物動(dòng)詞（vi.）沒有賓語，形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，如：We come. 此句型句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，即句子謂語動(dòng)詞都能表示完整意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面能夠跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。第3頁 （不及物動(dòng)詞） 1. The sun was shining. 太陽在照耀著。2. The moon rose. 月亮升起了。3.

3、The universe remains. 宇宙長存。4. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我們大家都呼吸、吃和喝。5. Who cares? 管它呢？ 6. What he said does not matter. 他所講沒有什么關(guān)系。 7. They talked for half an hour. 他們談了半個(gè)小時(shí)。 8. The pen writes smoothly 這支筆書寫流利。第4頁基本句型 二： （主系表）此句型句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)：句子謂語動(dòng)詞都不能表示一個(gè)完整意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語身份或狀態(tài)表語組成復(fù)合謂語，才能表示完整意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫

4、做連系動(dòng)詞。系動(dòng)詞分兩類：be, look, keep, seem等屬一類，表示情況；get, grow, become, turn等屬另一類，表示改變。be 本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表語作用。其它系動(dòng)詞仍保持其部分詞義。感官動(dòng)詞多可用作聯(lián)絡(luò)動(dòng)詞：look well/面色好,sound nice/聽起來不錯(cuò),feel good/感覺好，smell bad/難聞第5頁 （是系動(dòng)詞） 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 這是本英漢辭典。2. The dinner smells good. 午餐氣味很好。3. He fell in love.

5、他墮入了情網(wǎng)。 4. Everything looks different. 一切看來都不一樣了。5. He is growing tall and strong. 他長得又高又壯6. The trouble is that they are short of money. 麻煩是他們?nèi)狈﹀X。第6頁基本句型 三： （主謂賓）此句型句子共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語動(dòng)詞都含有實(shí)義，都是主語產(chǎn)生動(dòng)作，但不能表示完整意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語，即動(dòng)作承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。賓語位于及物動(dòng)詞之后，普通同主語組成一樣，不一樣是組成賓語代詞必須是代詞賓格，如：me，him，them等 第7頁 （及物動(dòng)

6、詞） 1. Who knows the answer? 誰知道答案？ 2. She smiled her thanks. 她微笑表示感激。3. He enjoys reading. 他喜歡看書。4. They ate what was left over. 他們吃了剩飯。5. He said Good morning. 他說：早上好！第8頁基本句型 四： （主謂間賓直賓）有些及物動(dòng)詞能夠有兩個(gè)賓語，如：give給，pass遞，bring帶，show顯示。這兩個(gè)賓語通常一個(gè)指人，為間接賓語；一個(gè)指物，為直接賓語。間接賓語普通位于直接賓語之前。 普通次序?yàn)椋?動(dòng)詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語。 如

7、：Give me a cup of tea,please.強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語次序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞 + 直接賓語 +介詞+ 間接賓語。如：Show this house to Mr.Smith.第9頁 （及物） （多指人） （多指物 ）1. She ordered herself a new dress. 她給自己定了一套新衣裳。2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她給丈夫煮了一頓美餐。3. He brought you a dictionary. 他給你帶來了一本字典。4. He denies her nothing. 他對(duì)她什么都不拒絕。5. I sho

8、wed him my pictures. 我給他看我照片6. I gave my car a wash. 我洗了我汽車。第10頁基本句型 五： （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）此句型句子共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞即使是及物動(dòng)詞，不過只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表示完整意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成份來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。賓語補(bǔ)足語：位于賓語之后對(duì)賓語作出說明成份。賓語與其補(bǔ)足語有邏輯上主謂關(guān)系，它們一起組成復(fù)合賓語。第11頁名詞/代詞賓格 + 名詞The war made him a soldier. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)使他成為一名戰(zhàn)士.名詞/代詞賓格 + 形容詞New methods make the job easy. 新方法使這項(xiàng)工作變得

9、輕松. 名詞/代詞賓格 + 介詞短語I often find him at work. 我經(jīng)常發(fā)覺他在工作. 名詞/代詞賓格 + 動(dòng)詞不定式The teacher ask the students to close the windows. 老師讓學(xué)生們關(guān)上窗戶. 名詞/代詞賓格 + 分詞I saw a cat running across the road. 我看見一只貓跑過了馬路.第12頁 （及物） （賓語） （賓補(bǔ)）1. They appointed him manager. 他們?nèi)蚊?dāng)經(jīng)理。2. They painted the door green. 他們把門漆成綠色3. This

10、 set them thinking. 這使得他們要細(xì)想一想。4. They found the house deserted. 他們發(fā)覺那房子無人居住。第13頁 但慣用英語句子并不都象基本句型這么簡短，這些句子除了基本句型成份不變外，通常是在這些成份前面或后面增加一些修飾語（modifier）而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾語能夠是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也能夠是各種類型短語（主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語）。我們稱之為：定語、狀語第14頁一、 定語： 定語是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用詞、短語或句子，漢語中慣用表示。定語通常位于被修飾成份前。若修飾some,any,every,no組成

11、復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分詞短語作定語、從句作定語時(shí)，則定語通常置后。副詞用作定語時(shí)須放在名詞之后。 形容詞作定語：The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修飾名詞boy；blue修飾名詞pen.）/小男孩需要一支蘭色鋼筆。Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是個(gè)英俊男孩。There is a good boy./有個(gè)乖男孩。第15頁數(shù)詞作定語相當(dāng)于形容詞：Two boys need two pens. 兩個(gè)男孩需要兩支鋼筆。There are two boys in the room. 房間里

12、有兩個(gè)男孩。 代詞或名詞全部格作定語：His boy needs Toms pen. 他男孩需要Tom鋼筆。His name is Tom. 他名字是湯姆。第16頁介詞短語作定語：The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours. 教室里男孩需要你一支鋼筆。The boy in blue is Tom. 穿蘭色衣服孩子是湯姆。名詞作定語：The boy needs a ball pen. 男孩需要一支圓珠筆。There is only one ball pen in the pencil box. 這鉛筆盒里只有一支圓珠筆。第17頁副詞作定語：The

13、boy there needs a pen. 那兒男孩需要一支鋼筆。The best boy here is Tom. 這里最棒男孩是Tom。不定式作定語：The boy to write this letter needs a pen. 寫這封信男孩需要一支鋼筆。There is nothing to do today. 今天無事要做。第18頁分詞（短語）作定語：The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. 那個(gè)微笑男孩需要一支他媽媽買鋼筆。The pen bought by her is made in China.她買筆是中國產(chǎn)。Th

14、ere are five boys left. 有五個(gè)留下男孩。第19頁定語從句：The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday. 那個(gè)在閱讀男孩需要你昨天買鋼筆。The boy you will know is Tom. 你將認(rèn)識(shí)男孩叫湯姆。There are five boys who will play the game. 參加游戲男孩有五個(gè)。第20頁二、狀語：狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說明方式、因果、條件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、讓步、方向、程度、目標(biāo)等。狀語在句子中位置很靈活，常見情況為：通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之

15、后，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首；修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，通常位于被修飾詞之前；表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目標(biāo)狀語普通位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首，地點(diǎn)狀語普通須在時(shí)間狀語之前；一些表示不確定時(shí)間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）副詞狀語通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞之前。 第21頁有時(shí)狀語在句中某個(gè)位置會(huì)引發(fā)歧義，應(yīng)注意。如：The boy calls the girl in the classroom.普通了解成男孩喊教室里女孩（此時(shí)in the classroom為girl定語） 也能夠了解為男孩在教室里喊女孩（此時(shí)in the classroom為地點(diǎn)狀語），最好寫作In the clas

16、sroom,the boy calls the girl. 第22頁副詞（短語）作狀語：The boy needs a pen very much. 男孩非常需要一支鋼筆。（程度狀語）The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother. 男孩非常需要他母親買那支鋼筆。（賓語較長則狀語前置）The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen. 男孩現(xiàn)在需要一支鋼筆。（時(shí)間狀語） 第23頁介詞短語作狀語： In the classroom, the

17、boy needs a pen./在教室里，男孩需要一支鋼筆。（地點(diǎn)狀語）Before his mother, Tom is always a boy./在母親面前,湯姆總是一個(gè)男孩子.(條件狀語)On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里沒有學(xué)生.(時(shí)間狀語) 分詞（短語）作狀語：He sits there, asking for a pen./他坐在那兒要一支筆。（表示伴隨狀態(tài)）Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen./因?yàn)椴坏貌煌瓿勺鳂I(yè)，男孩需要一支筆。（

18、原因狀語）Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./（因?yàn)椋┦芰梭@嚇，他無聲地坐在那兒。（原因狀語） 第24頁不定式作狀語：The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支筆寫家庭作業(yè)。（目狀語）To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business./為實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想,湯姆變得對(duì)商業(yè)很有興趣. 名詞作狀語：Come this way!/走這條路！（方向狀語） 狀語從句：時(shí)間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、原因狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、目狀語從句、比較

19、狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、條件狀語從句 第25頁句子成份練習(xí)題( 一 )(一). 指出以下句中主語中心詞 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.第26頁(二) 選出句中謂語中心詞 I dont

20、like the picture on the wall.A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the libra

21、ry D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast第27頁 Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this.A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor.A. We B. had C. send D. do

22、ctor He is interested in music.A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to?A. give B.did C. whom D. book第28頁(三) 挑出以下句中賓語 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you lear

23、n last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didnt know who

24、 Father Christmas really is.第29頁(四) 挑出以下句中表語 The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.第30頁(五) 挑出以下句中定語 They use Mr./ Mrs. with the family name. What is your give

25、n name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!第31頁(六) 挑出以下句中賓語補(bǔ)足語 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take

26、the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?第32頁(七) 挑出以下句中狀語 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn Eng

27、lish when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.第33頁(八)

28、 劃出句中直接賓語和間接賓語 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?第34頁句子成份練習(xí)題( 三 )A1、 _ six years since I began to study English.A. It is B. I have been C. There are D. It

29、 was 2 、_ in the room at that time.A. Nobody was B. Someone were C. Who is D. He are 3 、ITS very noisy outside. _ is going on? A. Who B. What C. Which D. Where 4、 _ in English in class every day is important.A. Speak B. Talking C. Saying D. To tell5 、There must be_ near the factory.A. a book store B

30、. book store C. books store D. books stores6 、Although its raining hard, _ are still working in the fields.A. but they B. and they C. they D. since they第35頁B1、 The doctor as well as the nurses _ great concern for the patients.A. show B. shows C. have shown D. are showing 2、 Your son must be a clever

31、 boy, _ he?A. is B. isnt C. must D. mustnt 3、 The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among students in this school.A. open B. opening C. opened D. being opened 4 、I _ go to the shop today, for there is a lot of food at home.A. mustnt B. had to C. cant D. neednt 5 、Dont _ excited.A. get B.

32、 is C. seem D. look 6 This room _ every morning.A. is cleaning B. is cleaned C. cleans D. cleaning 第36頁C1、 Glad to meet you! _ is your full name?A. What B. Where C. How D. Who 2、 He is _ to lift the heavy box.A. too weak B. weak tooC. enough weak D. weak enough3、 The days are _ warmer and warmer in

33、spring.A. getting B. looking C. seeming D. going 4 、His job is_English.A. teach B. to teach C. taught D. teaches 5 、Two balls are_.A. under the desk B. in the wall C. to here D. at desks第37頁D1 、We should get ready_ others.A. helping B. to help C. help D. help with 2、 _interesting work we are doing?A

34、. What a B. How C. What D. What an 3、 I want_ a teacher when I grow up .A. to be B. to C. be D. being 4、 -Would you like to go on a picnic with me today?-I dont think so. To be honest, I really dont feel like_on apicnic.A. going B. to go C. go D. went 5 Do you know_?A. where does he live B. where he

35、 livesC. where he live D. if where he lives 6 Let _ do it again.A. I B. me C. he D. she 7 I dont know_.A. how to do B. what to do C. where to do D. when to do 第38頁E 1、 I saw him _ basketball with Jack an hour ago.A. plays B. to play C. played D. play 2、 Sorry, weve kept you_ for a long time.A. waite

36、d B. sing C. stand D. waiting 3 、The teacher told us _ late again.A. arent be B. dont be C. not to be D. not be 4 、We find the room very_.A. warm B. warmly C. terribly D. hardly第39頁F1 、I found _ difficult to work together with him.A. it B. its C. that D. those 2 、We all know _ our duty to clean our classroom after school every day.A. that B. this C. which D. it 3、 He found _ very interesting to play with the little dog.A. what B. it C. / D. thatG( ) 1 Tom said he _ a good dream yesterday evening.A. dream B. dreamed C. have D.