2023考研英語基礎(chǔ)班講義

1、 考研英語根底班講義根底詞匯 主編：Ada 司內(nèi)部講義翻版必究考研英語根底詞匯內(nèi)部講義本次課程根本情況介紹：授課時間：2、授課目標：1掌握考研真題中?？几哳l詞匯和短語2熟悉根底階段詞匯備考方向3、授課特點：1直擊重點，把握核心詞匯考點，提高綜合應試能力。2筆記較多，互動性強。4、授課思路：以真題為中心進行核心詞匯全面透徹剖析第一章：單詞記憶方法“三分原那么分 頻一：認知詞匯“三分原那么分 頻二：高頻詞匯“三分原那么“三分原那么分 題一：寫作詞匯“三分原那么分 題二：閱讀詞匯“三分原那么“三分原那么閱讀詞匯分 類 一：專業(yè)詞匯“三分原那么閱讀詞匯分 類 二：熟詞生義“三分原那么閱讀詞匯分 類 三

2、：固定搭配“三分原那么閱讀詞匯分 類 四：構(gòu)詞方法一熟詞生義180%可猜想例1.women are particularly likely to develop depression and anxiety disorder in response to stress compared to men.例2.Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 millionsmokers went to early graves.例3.The Supreme Courts decisions on phy

3、sician-assisted suicide carry importantimplications for how medicine seeks torelieve dying patients of pain and suffering. 2)20%特殊含義例1.I dig your sister. You got a beef with me?You cannot pick one me just because i got a pretty face.例2.Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserv

4、e of people alone.譯文：義憤填膺似乎并非只是人類所特有的。例3:During the same period,families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income.例4.“Theres no career counseling implicit in all of this. Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a p

5、articular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. The expression “tip service (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means.A advisory. B compensation. C interaction. D reminder.例5.Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to fin

6、ish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape to go to school, and get ahead and do better. Later her marriage ended and she became a single mother: “Its the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, p

7、ay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.24.The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck(line6.para.5)shows that_.A. Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.B. Alvarezs salary barely covered her household expenses.C. Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.D.

8、 Alvarez paid practically everything by check.二構(gòu)詞猜詞法例1.Contemporary/contemptuous/contemptible/contemplativePresident/preside/resident/reside/residence/subsidyPerish/persevere/perplex/perceive例2.Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times, calls him “anunpretentious musician w

9、ith no air of the formidable conductor about him.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is _.A influentialB modestC respectableD talented例3.In spite of “endless talk of difference, American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people.The word “homogenizing (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most pr

10、obably means_.A. identifying B. associating C. assimilating D. monopolizing總結(jié)寫作詞匯寫作技巧ObviousGoodBadAdvantageDisadvantage遣詞造句：some folks argue thathas some merits,which can be listed as follows. Initially,. additionally,. accordingly,.It is apparent that the cartoonist endeavors to put a spotlight on

11、_, which is one of the most essential qualities in the Middle Kingdom.常見猜詞方法重述猜詞法例1.In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.例2.But one insidious form continues to

12、thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.例3.We live in a society in which the medical and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet

13、a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.20.The word “pervasive (line 1, paragraph 2) might meanA widespreadB overwhelmingC piercingD fashionable例4.In this intensely and fiercely competitive society, collaboration is on no account an option

14、 but a must if he or she has an urge to attain success. Stated in another way, one will accomplish nothing if he or she lacks this quality.2.邏輯猜詞法連接詞猜詞法例1.Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal例 2.This is no flash in the pan; over the pa

15、st couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.29.The sentence “This is no flash in the pan (line 5, paragraph 3) means that.A the low inflation rate will last for some timeB the inflation rate will soon riseC the inflation will disappear quicklyD ther

16、e is no inflation at present例3.Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. 例4.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor

17、biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.17. A Even B Still C Yet D Only例5.All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a childcommitting a criminal act, 20a direct causal relati

18、onship has not yet beenestablished.20. A provided B since C although D supposing例6.For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. _3_ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an _4_ of good health. A Instead B However C Likewise D Therefore3.實詞

19、/虛詞猜詞法例1.As the economy picks up, opportunitiesfor aspiring leaders will abound.例2.Americans machine-tool industry was on the rope.例3.clouds may come,but clouds must go,and they all have a silver lining. For behind each cloud, the sun, or moon is shining.例4.When it comes to the slowing economy, Elle

20、n Spero isnt biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isnt cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as shed like to, either. 31. By “Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means_.A Spero can hardly maintain her business.B Spero is too much eng

21、aged in her work.C Spero has grown out of her bad habit. D Spero is not in a desperate situation.通過感情色彩猜詞例 1.“Benefits have been weighed 20“harmful outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.Aabove Bupon Cagainst Dwith例2.Michelle Obama has launched a high-visibility campaign _childhood obes

22、ity even admitting that it represents our greatest national security threat.AforBagainstCwithDwithout例 3.his argument is that the unusual history of these people has_45_ them to unique evolutionary pressure that have resulted in this_ state of affairs.A. limited B.subjected C.converted D.directed五近義

23、辨析 近形辨析 區(qū)分義項近義辨析:名詞：例1.By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million _ of these nations looked hopefully to the futureA natives B inhabitantsC peoples D individuals.例2.When homeless individuals manage to find a _ that will give them three m

24、eals a day and a place to sleep at nightAlodging Bshelter Cdwelling Dhouse例3.The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be 9 to explain or describe in a 10 that can be understood by his listeners.10.A case B meansCmethodDway例4.These receptors are the cells which sense

25、 smells and send 11 to the brain. 11. Asigns Bstimuli Cmessages Dimpulses動詞：例148enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for 49 vitamins. 48. (A) Supplying (B) Getting (C) Providing (D) Furnishing例2.Too often, careless use of words 3 a meeting of the minds of th

26、e speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may 4 unfavorable reactions in the listener 5 interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.3.A encouragesB preventsC destroyD offers例3.When workingonradio, for example, they had become 2 to seeingonbehalf

27、 ofthelistener.Aexperienced B determined C established D accustomed 例4.Changes in the social structure may directly_juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficu

28、lt to obtain. (2004)A.affect B.reduce C.check D. reflect 形容詞：例1.A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership.30.A durable B excessive C surplus D multiple例2.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it14 to keep all smell receptors working all th

29、e time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. 14. Aineffective Bincompetent CinefficientDinsufficient15. Aintroduce Bsummon Ctrigger Dcreate近形辨析例1.Economic /economical; economy; economizecontemptuous；contemptible; contemplative; contemporaryIntellect; intellectual; intelligence; intelligent; 例2.In a

30、 significant 2 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 3 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 44.AillogicalB illegalC improbableD improper例3.A man respires, aspires,perspires,inspires,and finally expires.核心詞根，詞綴時間前綴之前：fore-/pre-/ex-/pro-For

31、e-1foremost最前面的，最重要的，一流的2foresee預見3forefather先父Pre-/pri-predict預言，預告，預測precede先于，優(yōu)于6preface前言，開端7) premium 保險；獎金8prehistoric史前的9preschool學齡前的，幼兒園10prime最初，最好的，一流的11primitive原始的12privilege給予特權(quán)13prior優(yōu)先的，在前的14priority 優(yōu)先權(quán)Pro-professor 教授Confess：坦誠，坦白； 懺悔Frank:坦白的；坦率的prospect 前景 17propel 推進；驅(qū)使2.之后：post

32、1postmodern2postwar同時：co-/com-/con-/cor-/col-/cor-Co-1cooperate 合作2coordinate 協(xié)調(diào)，調(diào)整Col-4colleague 同事，同僚5collaborate 合作，通敵6collocation 排列；搭配6concur 同時發(fā)生Com-7)combine 結(jié)合8compact 合同；協(xié)定9compensate 賠償compel 迫使compassion 同情；憐憫Passion:激情Cor-correspondent 通訊員；記者媒體類常用術(shù)語：Con-contact 碰；接觸；聯(lián)系contract 合同；契約confl

33、ict 沖突16confess 坦白；懺悔17condemn 譴責18confine 局限；限制19contaminate 污染；20contemplate 沉思；凝視再次：re-1reconstruct 重建，改造2redefine 重新定義3remold 改造，重塑reevaluate 再評估5recycle 再循環(huán)6reclassify 重新分類名詞后綴表示“人或職業(yè)者意義的名詞后綴：-ist/-er/-or/-ee/-eer/-ant/-an/-ian/-ent/-ist1Typist2psychologist3linguist4geneticist5therapist6activis

34、t積極行動者；活潑分子Activity：積極性；活潑度；行動，活動7nationalist-er/-or8drawer9bachelor10carrier11conductor12ancestor-eer13sightseer14volunteer15pioneer-ee16employee17refugee18examinee19trainee20payee-ant21immigrant22descendant23consultant24applicant25assistant-an26Italian27politician28librarian29physician30historianI

35、ndianCivilian-ent31correspondent32client33president34agent2.抽象名詞：-hood 身份，性質(zhì)，時代/-ship 狀態(tài)；性質(zhì)/-dom/-ance/-ence 性質(zhì)；狀態(tài)/-tion/-sion/-cion 動作；狀態(tài)/-sim 主義/-ment/-ness/-ery/-age狀態(tài)；集合；/-al/-ing/-ity/-ics/-ty-hood1Livelihood 生活；生計；營生2neighbourhood 居住區(qū)；周邊地區(qū)；接近3)likelihood 可能；可能性4adulthood成年；成年期-ship5Scholarship

36、 獎學金；學術(shù)；學識6ownership 所有權(quán)；所有制；物主身份7hardship 困苦；苦難8leadership 領(lǐng)導；帶路；指引；領(lǐng)導能力-dom9freedom 自由10kingdom 界；領(lǐng)域；王國-ance/-ence11)Allowance允許；津貼；補貼12)performance 表現(xiàn)；表演13)appliance 器具；機械；家用電器14)insurance 保險-cion/-tion/-sion15)Consumption 消費；肺病；耗盡16)depression 洼地；盆地；抑郁；抑郁癥；不景氣；低氣壓17)invasion 入侵；侵略；侵犯；侵襲18)assimi

37、lation 同化；19)modernization 現(xiàn)代化21)notification 通知；通告；告示22)desperation 絕望；孤注一擲-ism22)Consumerism 消費主義；23)racism 種族主義24)journalism新聞業(yè)25)optimism 樂觀；樂觀主義26)feminism女權(quán)運動；女權(quán)主義；-ment27)requirement 要求28)payment 報答；報應；付款29)treatment 治療；療法；處理；對待30)argument 爭吵；論證；論據(jù)31)appointment 約會；任命；職務-ness32)consciousness

38、意識33)casualness 隨便34)illness 疾病-cy35)efficiency 效率36)emergency緊急情況；突發(fā)事件；非常時刻37)tendency 趨勢；傾向；癖好38)literacy 讀寫能力；精通文學-age39)luggage 行李；皮箱40)storage存儲；倉庫；貯藏所41)lineage 血統(tǒng)；42)passage段落；經(jīng)過；通路43)shortage缺乏；缺少；缺乏44)shrinkage 收縮；減輕45)usage使用；用法；慣例-al46)professional專業(yè)的；職業(yè)的；專業(yè)人員47)individual 個人的；個體的；個人；個體48

39、)approval 批準；認可；贊成49)arrival 到來；到達；降臨50)removal 移除；移動；搬遷；免職-ity51)similarity 相似性52)personality個性；品質(zhì)；名人53)uniformity一致；同樣；均勻性54)curiosity 好奇；珍品；古董；古玩-ics55)ethics 倫理學；道德標準56)economics 經(jīng)濟學；國家的經(jīng)濟狀況；57)electronics 電子學58)mechanics 機械學；力學專業(yè)前綴1.生命，生物：bio-1biology生物學2biological生物學的3biologist生物學家4biotic生物的5b

40、iomass生物數(shù)量6biomedical生物醫(yī)學的7bioethics生物倫理學8biography傳記9biographical傳記的10biographer傳記作者人：anthro-/demo-1anthropology人類學2democracy民主3democratic民主的4democratizing民主化的5demographics人口統(tǒng)計學自己，自動：self-/auto-1self-confident自信的2self-restrained自我克制的3automatic自動的，機械的4automobile汽車5autonomous自治的6auto-pilot自動駕駛基因，天生1g

41、ene基因2genetics遺傳學3genius天賦，天才4gender性別神經(jīng)：neuro-1neurology神經(jīng)學2neurologist神經(jīng)學者，神經(jīng)科專精神、心理：ment- / psych-1mental精神的，心理的2psychology心理學3 psychological心理的4psychologist心理學家5psychiatry精神病學生態(tài)、環(huán)境：eco-1ecology生態(tài)學2eco-system生態(tài)系統(tǒng)8.地球：geo-1geology地質(zhì)學2geography地理學3geometry幾何學4geophysics地球物理學社會：soci-1society社會，社團2so

42、cial社會的3sociology社會學4econometric計量經(jīng)濟學的5socioeconomic社會經(jīng)濟學的經(jīng)濟：econo-1economy經(jīng)濟2economic經(jīng)濟的3economics經(jīng)濟學4econometric計量經(jīng)濟學的5socioeconomic社會經(jīng)濟學的11.遠：tele-1television電視2telephone 3telescope望遠鏡4telegraph電報5telecommunications長途通訊，電信，6teleconference遠程會議態(tài)度前綴反對：anti-/counter-/contra-/para-/op-Anti:1anti-smoki

43、ng反對吸煙的2anti-patent反專利3anti-consumerism反消費主義4anti-intellectualism反唯智論5antibacterial抗菌的Counter:6counter-culture反傳統(tǒng)文化7counterpart對立的人或物8counteract抵消，中和，阻礙9counterbalance平衡力Contra-10contrary相反的11contrast比照，對照，差異12contradict反駁，同.相矛盾13controversial有爭議的op-14)Opponent15)Optimistic16)optimism17)opposePara-1

44、8)Parade19)paralyze20)parallel21)paradise2.支持：pro-22Pro-slavery23pro-American否負前綴1.In-/im-/ill-/ir-In-1inequality 不平等2incompetent 不合格的，不勝任的3inconclusive 非決定的，尚無定論的4insensitive 不敏感的im-5)immense 無限的6)impair 削弱ill-7impoverished 窮困的8illogical 不合邏輯的9illiquid 非流動資金的Ir-10irregular 不規(guī)那么的，無規(guī)律的11irrelevant 不相

45、關(guān)的，不切題的2.un-1uncover 揭開；揭露2unanswered未被答復的3unexpected想不到的，意外的4unemployment失業(yè)5unparalleled無比的，空前的6unsurpassed未被超越的，非常卓越的7unprecedented空前的8unsustainable不可持續(xù)性的9unfavorable令人不快的，不順10) undo 取消；解開；松開11unveil 揭開面紗；揭露3.non-1nonstop不停的2nonsense胡說，廢話3nonverbal不用語言的4non-standard不標準的5non-celebrity非名人6non-econom

46、ic沒有經(jīng)濟價值的4.否認：dis-1disappear 消失2disbelief疑心3disorder雜亂，混亂，無秩序狀態(tài)4disclose 揭示；泄露5discount 打折6disclaim放棄，棄權(quán)，拒絕7disintegrate使分解，使碎裂8disadvantage不利，缺點，劣勢9discouraging令人氣餒的10dispassioned 冷靜的11discard 丟棄；拋棄12dispose 放置；處理5. 不好：de-1degenerate衰退；墮落2deficiency 缺乏，缺乏3detrimental 有害的4delinquency 不良行為5devastatin

47、g 毀壞性的6destruction 毀壞；消滅7deduce 推論；演繹出8decode 解碼6.不好：ill- / mal-1ill-treat虐待，不公正對待2ill-manage管理不善3ill-mannered態(tài)度惡劣的，粗野的4ill-informed消息不靈通的錯誤：mis-1misuse錯用，誤用，濫用2mistrust不信任，猜疑3misunderstand誤解4misguide誤導5misleading誤導的6misdeed罪行，犯罪7misinformation誤報，誤傳8misconception誤解9misinterpret誤譯，曲解10misfortune不幸，災禍

48、8.假的：pseudo- / hypo-1pseudo-science偽科學2hypothesis假設3hypocrisy偽善4hypocritical偽善的9.繼：step-1step-mother繼母2step-father繼父方程前綴里面：in-/im- 外面：ex-/e-1import 進口 export 出口 Extreme 極端的；盡頭的include 包含 exclude 排除在外involve 卷入，涉及 evolve 進化immigrant 移民 emigrant 移民intranet 內(nèi)聯(lián)網(wǎng)6extraordinary 不尋常的，非凡的，特別的7elaborate 精心的；

49、詳盡的 vt：精心制作；詳細闡述8eliminate 取消9enormous 巨大的10emerge 浮現(xiàn)；出現(xiàn)11exceed 超出；超過12expand 膨脹；擴張13expense 花費；消費；消耗2.旁邊：side- / by- / vice-1side effect 副作用2Sideline：副業(yè)；兼職3by-product 副產(chǎn)品4bypass 旁道；支路5vice-president 副總統(tǒng)上： up-1upside上面，好的一面2uphold支持，贊成3upload上傳4upscale升檔，高檔的4.上： over-1over-confident 過于自信的2overfishe

50、d 過度捕撈的3overburndened 負擔過重的4overcharge 要價過高5overestimate 過高評估6overflow 溢出；外溢7overhear 俯瞰；疏忽 v 無意中聽到；偷聽8overwhelming 勢不可擋的；壓倒性的5. 上： super-1superb 極好的，卓越的，杰出的2superior 較好的，優(yōu)于的3superstar 超級明星，巨星4superficial 外表的，淺薄的5superstition 迷信6superfluous 多余的；過多的7supreme 至高的；6.上： out-1outlive比.活的時間長2outweigh在重量上超過

51、，比.重要3outsize特大的4outdate過時7.上：sur-1surplus 盈余；過剩；多余2surname 姓3survey 俯瞰；全面審視；調(diào)查4surface 淺薄的；外表的5)surpass 超過；勝過8.下： down-1downside下面的，不利方面2download下載3downscale縮減規(guī)模9.下：de-1despair 絕望2depression 沮喪，抑郁癥，經(jīng)濟下：under-1underestimate 過低估計2under-nutrition 營養(yǎng)不良3undertreatment 治療不充分11.下：sub-1subtitle副標題2suburban

52、郊區(qū)的3subconscious下意識的4submerge 淹沒5subordinate 次要的；附屬的；下級的6substantial 鞏固的；實質(zhì)的；大量的12.中間：mid-/med-/mod-1)middle-class 中產(chǎn)階級2media 媒體3medieval 中世紀的；老式的4model 模型動詞后綴使之.：-en / -ify / -ize / -ateawaken 喚醒broaden 擴大；放寬-ifyjustify 證明.是正當?shù)腅xemplify 例證Simplify 簡化；使單純Signify 暗示；意味；表示Testify 作證；證明；說明；說明Identify 識

53、別；鑒別Qualify 使具有資格；證明合格Modify 更改；修改-atededicate 奉獻；獻身；Differentiate 區(qū)別；區(qū)分；區(qū)分Humiliate 羞辱；使丟臉；恥辱13assimilate 同化Ize-popularize 普及15visualize 想象En-/em-16)embarrass 為難17embed 嵌入18encounter 遇到；遭遇19endure 忍耐力20enlighten 啟發(fā)；啟蒙21endeavor 努力；盡力 形容詞后綴-ing / -ed1developing 開展中的2developed 興旺的3tiring 引起疲勞的，累人的4ti

54、red 疲勞的，疲倦的5underrated 被低估的6emerging 新興的2. -ful1skillful 有技巧的，熟練的2respectful 尊敬人的，有禮貌的3. -able1respectable 受人尊敬的2imaginable 可以想象的3controllable 可控制的4measurable 可測量的4. -less1tireless 不知疲倦的2meaningless 沒有意義的3hopeless 沒有希望的4effortless 不費力氣的5aimless 沒有目標的5. -like1childlike 像孩子似的2godlike 像上帝一樣的6.-ward1inw

55、ard 向內(nèi)的2upward 向上的3forward 向前的4eastward 朝向東面的7.-ward1nationwide 全國的2worldwide 全世界的8.-wise1clockwise 順時針2iQ-wise智商方面的9.-free1toll-free 免費的2stress-free 沒有壓力的3carefree 無憂無慮的Smoke-free 加強語氣的前綴A-access 進入；入口Acclaim 歡呼；稱贊Accuse 指責；控告Affirm 斷言；肯定Addict 沉溺于Aggravate 惡化；加重；加強第三章核心詞匯 熟詞生義1.smarta smart person

56、smart clothesa smart robot2.humblea man of humble origina humble attitudea humble therapy3. nativenative languagenative forestnative ability / intelligence4. commoncommon ancestor / language / interestcommon people / sense / pastime5.runrun a companyrun a studycommon run of men6. observeIts interest

57、ing to observe a childs behavior.sb. observe that . .Everybody should observe the terms of a contract.7.obligeHe was obliged to go.I am much obliged to you for your generous help.We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as thepeoples who spoke them died out or beca

58、me assimilated and lost their native languages.8. agechronological / mental agecomputer /digital / information age9. contextthe context within which we now livetalk about habits in the context of creativity and innovation10. fortunefortune-tellerfamily fortunes11. trafficTraffic jamuser traffic of a

59、 website12. casea case of flua legal caseIn any case, we should try our best.13. subjectsubjects such as anthropology, economics and ecology, etc.The experiment involved 12 subjects.subject A to B14. fieldtrack and fieldAnthropology is a field-oriented discipline.neurology, genetics and other fields

60、He is fielding tough questions from the press.15. figurepublic figures such as Tom Hanksthe figures about the extinct animals are conservativTry to figure out who you are first.16. accountbank / savings accounttake . into accountaccording to the account of the experimentOptimism is considered of muc