動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)講解

1、 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)講解一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：概念：表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或者敘述現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)，以及客觀事實(shí)或客觀真理。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month.),onceaweek,onSundays,基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+其它。例如：Iamaboy.(2)行為動(dòng)詞(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)：主語(yǔ)+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+其它。如：WestudyEnglisheveryday.注意：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)(he,she,it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加“-s”或-es，如：MarylikesChinese.否定形式：am/is/are+

2、not;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加dont,如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesnt,通常還原行為動(dòng)詞。.一般疑問(wèn)句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do提問(wèn)，如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。.例句：Itseldomsnowshere.Actionspeakslouderthanwords.【配套練習(xí)】()Planningsofaraheadnosensesomanythingswillhavechangedbynextyear.A.madeB.ismakingC.makesD.hasmade()Wewillgoshoppingifittomorrow.A.don

3、trainB.didntrainC.doesntrainD.isntrain()Hesaidthesunintheeastandinthewest.A.rose;setB.rises;setsC.rises,setD.rise;sets()WangMeimusicandoftentomusic.A.like;listenB.likes;listensC.like;arelisteningD.liking;listen()Twoplusthreefive.A.isB.areC.wasD.were()Theteachertoldusthatlightfasterthansound.A.travel

4、edB.hadtraveledC.istravelingD.travels()LookattheprideonTomsface.Hetohavebeenpraisedbythemanagerjustnow.A.seemedB.seemsC.hadseemedD.isseeming二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)：概念：過(guò)去某時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的事或存在的狀態(tài)或過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday或以其構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：yesterdaymorning(afternoon,evening)等；(2)由“l(fā)ast+一時(shí)間名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：lastnight,lastyear(winter,month,we

5、ek)等；(3)由“時(shí)間段+ago”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：amomentago,anhourago等；其它：justnow,thedaybeforeyesterday,in1989,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,。m.等基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其它否定形式：was/were+not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didnt,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問(wèn)句：was或were放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did提問(wèn)，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。例句：Sheoftencametohelpusinthosedays.Ididntknowyouweresobusy.【配套練習(xí)】

6、()MyfatherillyesterdayA.isntB.arentC.wasntD.werent()yourparentsathomelastweek?A.IsB.WasC.AreD.Were()ThetwinsinDalianlastyearTheyherenowA.are;wereB.were;areC.was;areD.were;was()yourfatheratworkthedayyesterday(前天)？A.Was;beforeB.Is;beforeC.Was;afterD.Is;after()WhenIgotonthebus,IIhadleftmywalletathome.A

7、.wasrealizingB.realizedC.haverealizedD.wouldrealize()Aftergettinglostinastorm,amemberofthenavyteamfourdayslater.A.rescuedB.wasrescuedC.hasrescuedD.hadbeenrescued()In1492,ColumbusononeoftheBahamaIslands,buthemistookitforanislandoffIndian.A.landsB.landedC.haslandedD.hadlanded三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：概念：表示現(xiàn)在某一時(shí)刻或目前一段時(shí)間

8、內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now,look,listen,Itisoclock,atthistime,atthismoment,rightnow,thesedays,etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑問(wèn)句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。例句：Howareyoufeelingtoday?Heisdoingwellinhislessons.注意：(1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示目前暫時(shí)的狀態(tài)。eg.Heisbeingfriendly.他只是一時(shí)的友好。(平時(shí)不是如此，平時(shí)很不友好)也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的變化過(guò)程。eg.Wearegro

9、wingolderandwiser.我們逐漸長(zhǎng)大，逐漸變得更加聰明?！九涮拙毩?xí)】一、填空題1Mr.Zheng(read)abooknow.Look!TomandJohn(swim).Its6oclockinthemorning,Jack(brush)histeeth.LiHua(sleep)atthismoment.Thefarmers(work)inthefieldrightnow.二、選擇題()Joan,whatinyourhand?Look!Itsabirthdaygiftformygrandma.A.hadyouheldB.areyouholdingC.doyouholdD.willy

10、ouhold()IllgotothelibraryassoonasIfinishwhatI.A.wasdoingB.amdoingC.havedoneD.hadbeendoing()Iheardyouinapub.Whatsitlike?Well,itsveryhardworkandImalwaystired,butIdontmind.A.areworkingB.willworkC.wereworkingD.willbeworking四、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：概念：表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一階段正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：atthistimeyesterday,atthattime,thismornin

11、g,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,then或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were+not+doing.一般疑問(wèn)句：把was或were放于句首。例句：AtthattimeshewasworkinginaPLAunit.Whenhecamein,Iwasreadinganewspaper.【配套練習(xí)】一、填空題I(telephone)afriendwhenBob(come)in.Jim(sing)atthistimeyesterday.M

12、r.Smith(read)anEnglishbookthewholemorning.She(notwant)tostayinbedwhiletheothers(all,work)inthefields.二、選擇題()Iwalkedslowlythroughthemarket,wherepeopleallkindsoffruitsandvegetables.IstudiedthepricescarefullyandbroughtwhatIneeded.A.sellweresellinghadsoldD.havesoldA.sellweresellinghadsoldD.havesold()The

13、managerwasworryingaboutthepressconferencehisassistantinhisplacebut,luckily,everythingwasgoingonsmoothly.A.gaveB.givesC.wasgivingD.hadgiven()Iwasntsureifhewasreallyinterestedorifhepolite.A.wasjustbeingB.willjustbeC.hadjustbeenD.wouldjustbe五、一般將來(lái)時(shí)：概念：表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃，或?qū)?lái)某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomor

14、row,netday(week,month,year),soon,inafewminutes,thedayaftertomorrow,later,etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be(am/is/are)+goingto+do；will(用于所有人稱)/shall(用于第一人稱)+do.否定形式：be(am/is/are)+not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加wont,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問(wèn)句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。例句：Theyaregoingtohaveacompetitionwithusinstudies.Itisgoingtorain.【配套練習(xí)】Mybrother(go)toShang

15、hainextweek.Tomoften(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrainy.He(go)toschoolbybike.Whatyou(do)nextSunday?I(pick)applesonafarm.Mary(visit)hergrandparentstomorrow.I(finish)myhomeworkinafewminutes.Whatdoyouthinkofthestoreshoppinginthefuture?Personally,Ithinkitwillexistalongwithhomeshoppingbut.A.willneverrepla

16、ceB.wouldneverreplaceC.willneverbereplacedD.wouldneverbereplaced六、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：概念：立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，從過(guò)去看將來(lái)，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句和間接引語(yǔ)中。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：thenextday(morning,year),thefollowingmonth(week),etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/weregoingtodo；would(所有人稱)/should(第一人稱)+do.；was/were+(about+)todo否定形式：was/werenot+goingto+do;would/should+not+do.一般疑問(wèn)句：was或were放

17、于句首；would/should提到句首。例句：HesaidhewouldgotoBeijingthenextday.Iaskedwhowasgoingthere.【配套練習(xí)】()Whatdidyoursonsayintheletter?HetoldmethathetheDisneyWorldthenextday.A.willvisitB.hasvisitedC.isgoingtovisitD.wouldvisit()IhopedTinatomybirthdaypartyontimethenextWednesday.A.tocomeB.iscomingC.willcomeD.wouldcome

18、()FathersaidthathemetoBeijingthenextyear.A.tookB.wouldtakeC.takesD.willtake()Wewerenotsurewhethertheymorevegetables.A.aregoingtogrowB.weregoingtogrowC.willgrowD.havegrown()Whenhethedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere.A.wouldopenB.openedC.hadopenedD.wastoopen七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：概念及用法：(1)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

19、，與表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)連用。如recently,lately,already,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+時(shí)間段，inthepastfewyears,sofar,untilnow,uptonowetc.eg.Theweatherhasbeencoldsofarthiswinter.今年冬天直到現(xiàn)在都很冷。(2)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如begin,give,go,meet,see等連用，常帶有不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如already,yet,once,twice,just,ever,never等。eg.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?你去過(guò)北京

20、嗎？(3)表示從過(guò)去開始到目前為止這段時(shí)間中反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或多次出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。常與頻度副詞often,always等連用。eg.Hehasalwayssaidso.他總是這么說(shuō)。基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has+done否定形式：have/has+not+done.一般疑問(wèn)句：have或has提前。例句：Ivewrittenanarticle.Ithasbeenrainingthesedays.比較：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：一般過(guò)去時(shí)所表示的一個(gè)或一段過(guò)去時(shí)間是可以具體確定的，與其他時(shí)間沒(méi)有牽連。它所表示的事情純屬過(guò)去，與現(xiàn)在情況沒(méi)有聯(lián)系?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的事情發(fā)生在不能具體指出的現(xiàn)在或是以前的過(guò)

21、去某個(gè)或某段時(shí)間。它所表示的事情與現(xiàn)在情況有關(guān)系，是過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在造成的影響。比較下列幾組句子，體會(huì)兩種時(shí)態(tài)的不同：HHeservedinthearmyfrom1952to1954.（這是過(guò)去的一件事情）Hehasservedinthearmyfor5years.（現(xiàn)在他仍在軍中服役，他仍是個(gè)軍人）Isawthemovielastyear.（看電影的時(shí)間是去年，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)）Ihaveseenthemoviebefore.（強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在知道這部電影的內(nèi)容。以前看過(guò)，但“以前”是表示一個(gè)與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系的過(guò)去時(shí)間，而不是一個(gè)確定的與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)的過(guò)去時(shí)間）【配套練習(xí)】（）Mothermea

22、newcoatyesterday.Iiton.Itfitsmewell.A.hadmadehavetriedB.madehavetriedC.hasmadetriedD.madetried（）“Hetodrawhorsesalready”.“Whenhe?”“Lastyear“A.learnedhasB.learneddidC.haslearnedhasD.haslearneddid（）Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilmsallovertheworld.A.haveproducedB.havebeenproducedC.areproducingD.arebeing

23、produced()HetheArmy(部隊(duì))bytheendof1989.Heinthearmysincethen.A.joinedisB.hasjoinedhasbeenC.hadjoinedisD.hadjoinedhasbeen()Mybrothercollegeforoverthreeyears.A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.hasbeeninD.hasbeenat()Iforyousincefive.A.waitedB.waswaitingC.havewaitedD.haswaited()Idontaskforthenamelist.Whyonmydesk?Ipu

24、tittherejustnowincaseyouneededit.A.doesitlandB.hasitlandedC.willitlandD.haditlanded八、過(guò)去完成時(shí)：.概念：以在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作，動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。.基本用法：(1)句中有before,by的過(guò)去時(shí)間短語(yǔ)，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。eg.Wehavereachedtherailwaystationbefore5oclock.我們?cè)?點(diǎn)鐘前到達(dá)了火車站。(2)句中有when,before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。eg.Theyhadsoldoutalltheticketswhenwegot

25、tothecinema.當(dāng)我們到達(dá)電影院時(shí)，他們的票已經(jīng)賣完了。(3)在直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:already,yet,still,hardly,scarcely,never等。eg.HesaidhehadneverbeentoLondon.他說(shuō)他從沒(méi)去過(guò)倫敦?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：had+done.否定形式：had+not+done.一般疑問(wèn)句：had放于句首。例句：Assoonaswegottothestation,thetrainhadleft.比較：過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：一般過(guò)去時(shí)是對(duì)現(xiàn)在說(shuō)話時(shí)刻而言，過(guò)去完成時(shí)則是對(duì)過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻而言。

26、兩種時(shí)態(tài)建立的時(shí)間對(duì)照點(diǎn)不同。（2）過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用by或before引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)表示，如bythattime,bytheendof,before2000,bythetime+句子等。比較：過(guò)去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：兩種時(shí)態(tài)都常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或同現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的動(dòng)作（句中不可有表示過(guò)去特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)），而過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示的是在過(guò)去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)完成或延續(xù)到過(guò)去某時(shí)的動(dòng)作（句中有表示過(guò)去特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)）。比較下面的說(shuō)法：廣Shehadbeenillforaweekbeforeshecameback.（回來(lái)發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間，生病發(fā)生在過(guò)的過(guò)去）Sheha

27、sbeenillforaweek.（現(xiàn)在仍然病著）【配套練習(xí)】()Heaskedmeduringthesummerholidays.A.whereIhadbeenB.whereIhadgoneC.wherehadIbeenD.wherehadIgone()WhatJanebythetimehewasseven?A.did,doB.has,doneCdid,did.D.had,done()I900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。A.learnedB.waslearningC.hadlearnedD.learnt()Bythetimemyparentsreachedhom

28、eyesterday,Ithedinneralready.AhadcookedB.cookedC.havecookedD.wascooked()Hetoplaybeforehewas11yearsold.Ahadlearned,pianoB.hadlearned,thepianoC.haslearned,thepianoD.learns,piano.()Wearrivedatworkinthemorningandfoundthatsomebodyintotheofficeduringthenight.A.brokeB.hadbrokenC.hasbrokenD.wasbreaking()Hei

29、nthefactoryforthreeyearsbeforehejoinedtheArmy.A.hasworkedB.worksC.hadworkedD.willwork【鞏固練習(xí)】()Thefactthatsomanypeoplestillsmokeinpublicplacesthatwemayneedanationwidecampaigntoraiseawarenessoftherisksofsmoking.A.suggestB.suggestsC.suggestedD.suggesting()Tommyisplanningtobuyacar.Iknow.Bynextmonth,heeno

30、ughforausedone.A.savesB.savedC.willsaveD.willhavesaved()Hisfirstnovelgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.A.receivesB.isreceivingC.willreceiveD.hasreceived()Whatamistake!Yes.Ihisdoingitanotherway,butwithoutsuccess.A.wassuggestingB.willsuggestC.wouldsuggestD.hadsuggested()ItisthemostinstructivelecturethatIsinceIcametothisschool.A.attendedB.hadattendedC.amattendingD.haveattended()Thatmusthavebeenalongtrip.Yeah,itusawholeweektogetthere.A.takesB.hastak