初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-介詞課件(23張)

1、介 詞 by 張慧月介 詞 by 張慧月Look at this picture,what can you see?There are some apples on the tree.There is a bird in the tree.There are some strawberries and flowers under the tree.Look at this picture,There are一、定義 介詞是一種用來(lái)表示:詞與詞, 詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞，在句中不能單獨(dú)作句子成分。二、分類(lèi)時(shí)間介詞地點(diǎn)介詞方式介詞其他介詞（方法、原因、目的）介詞的講解介詞一、定義介詞的講解介詞1時(shí)間

2、介詞in年、月、季節(jié)及時(shí)間段（早、午、晚）on具體某一天，星期、節(jié)日at鐘點(diǎn)、節(jié)日、（一段時(shí)間）的起點(diǎn) in the morning/afternoon/evening on Monday in January/February on January fifth in Spring on Christmas Day in 2014 on New Years Day in 2 days/weeks/years on Sunday morning at dawn/daybreak at six at midnight at 4:30 at sixteen/at the age of sixteen

3、 at Christmas1時(shí)間介詞in年、月、季節(jié)及時(shí)間段（早、午、晚）on具體某一Lets try! 1.Mygrandfatherwasborn_Oct.10,1935. A.on B.in C.at D.of 2.Thetrainisstarting_fiveminutes. A.in B.at C.for D.still 3. Mikedoeshisexercises_seven_theevening.A.on;toB.at;inC.by;ofD.at;on 4. Childrengetgifts_Christmasand_theirbirthdays.A.on;onB.at;onC

4、.in;inD.in;on 5. Thereisnothing_tomorrowafternoon,isthere? -No.Wecanhaveagameoftabletennis.A.onB.inC.outD.up Lets try! for一段時(shí)間over 在某個(gè)時(shí)間一直. (連續(xù)的狀態(tài),行為等)某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)上發(fā)生或做了某事(間斷的或一次性的狀態(tài)或行為)during for 2 days over a five-year period for a long time over many years for a couple of weeks over night Theyve been ma

5、rried for 10 years. during the Middle Ages during 1942 在1942年中 during the summer（of that year） during his childhood for一段時(shí)間over 在某個(gè)時(shí)間一直. (連續(xù)的狀態(tài),Lets try 1. He fell asleep _ the lesson. 他在上課時(shí)睡著了。 2. The fish will not keep _ night. 這條魚(yú)放不到明天(就會(huì)變質(zhì)) 3. He _ a lot of great movies over these years. A.has m

6、ade B.made C.was making D.was made 4. Id like to call on my uncle _my stay in Beijing this summer. In other words, I can see my uncle again _the summer. A. during; during B. in; in C. during; in D. in; during 5. There was a terrible storm_the night; it rained_four or five hours. A. during; during B.

7、 during; for C. for; for D. for; during overduringLets try 1. He fell asleep _before在（時(shí)間）之前，但 不包括當(dāng)日after在（時(shí)間）以后from 用于一般過(guò)去、一般現(xiàn)在或一般將來(lái)時(shí)since主要用于完成時(shí)或完成進(jìn)行時(shí)“自從” I went to the cinema befroe 7 p.m. yesterday. Mary often play volleyball with her friends after school. We go to school from Monday to Friday. I

8、t is 10 years since they got married.before在（時(shí)間）之前，但 不包括當(dāng)日after在“by + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)”表示“到.以前為止”，如果by后加“將來(lái)的時(shí)間點(diǎn)”，應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)；如果by后跟過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí) 用于否定句中，意為“直到才”，在其前的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用瞬間動(dòng)詞；用在肯定句中意為“直到為止”，其前的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 By the end of next month,I will finish reading this book By the end of this week ,I have written two books I di

9、dnt go to bed until 10 oclock. I waited for my mother until 10 oclock.till/untilby“by + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)”表示“到.以前為止”，如果by后加“2地點(diǎn)介詞at一般指小地方； at home at school at the station That man is standing at the bus stop. in一般指大地方或某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi)； in the factory in the room in the center of/in the middle of. on往往表示“在某個(gè)物體的表面”。 on the

10、bus on the train on the subway/underground There is a book and a lamp on the desk.2地點(diǎn)介詞at一般指小地方；表示地理位置的幾種介詞用法 in：某一地區(qū)之內(nèi)的地方（在該范圍之內(nèi)） to：某一地區(qū)之外的地方（在該范圍之外） on：與某一地區(qū)接壤的地方Fujian is in the southeast of China.Xinjiang is in the northwest of China.Jiangsu is in the east of China What about Taiwan?Taiwan is i

11、n the southeast of China.表示地理位置的幾種介詞用法Fujian is in the in：某一地區(qū)之內(nèi)的地方（在該范圍之內(nèi)） to：某一地區(qū)之外的地方（在該范圍之外） on：與某一地區(qū)接壤的地方TipJapan is to the east of China.South Korea is to the northeast of China.Russia is on the north of China.North Korea is on northeast of China.Learn and tryWhat about Sinapore?注：be + in/on/t

12、o 可用 lie + in/on/to代替 in：某一地區(qū)之內(nèi)的地方（在該范圍之內(nèi)）TipJapa1.China lies _the east of Asia and _the north of Australia. A. in, on B. in ,to C. to, in2.Mongolia(蒙古) is _the north of China. A. in B. on C. to3.The United States is _ the south of Canada and _ the east of Japan. A. to; in B. on; to C. in; beside D.

13、 at; on 4.Japan lies_ the east of China. A. on B. to C. in D. with Exercise1.China lies _the east of A 常見(jiàn)的方位介詞over指“正上方”,還有“覆蓋”的含義（反義詞under，“正下方”)above指“在上方”但不一定在正上方(反義詞below,“在下方” ) B is over A. D is above C. Spread a cloth over the table. The plane flew above the clouds.ABoverCDabove 常見(jiàn)的方位介詞over指“

14、正上方”,還有“覆蓋”的含義 常見(jiàn)的方位介詞acrossthroughacross是指從表面穿過(guò)through則是指從物體內(nèi)部穿過(guò) We should go across the road carefully. Three men went through the forest yesterday.穿過(guò) 常見(jiàn)的方位介詞acrossthroughacross是1. There is a bridge _ the river .2. There is a pen _ the book.3. It took the man 2 months to walk _ the desert.4. The t

15、hird floor is _ the sixth floor.5. The sixth floor is _ the third floof.riverbridge讓我們思考一下throughoverbelowaboveunder1. There is a bridge _ thbetween.and in front ofnext to/besidebehindopposite 常見(jiàn)的方位介詞in the front ofABbetween.and in front ofnext 1. Millie sits _ me.2. Amy sits _ Millie _Simon.3. Kitt

16、y sits _ Sandy.4. Kitty sits _ Simon.5. The window is _ the door.6. The chalk is _ the teachers desk.in front ofbetweenandnext to/besidebehindoppositeonDaniel says 1. Millie sits _ me3其他介詞 in 用材料、語(yǔ)言、方式with 用工具、某物 by 用方式、方法、手段 in this way with chopsticks in Chinese with our eyes be made in metal with

17、 the money By+交通方式：by car/bus/plane/trian by sending e-mails交通工具前有冠詞、物主代詞等修飾，介詞用“on/in” in my car on my bike on the bus on a ship1. 表示方式、方法的介詞3其他介詞 in 用材料、語(yǔ)言、方式2.表示原因、目的的介詞because of 表示因?yàn)榛蛞? .為理由for 表示動(dòng)作或活動(dòng)的目的、目標(biāo)或意圖out of 表示起源、來(lái)源或原因 I cant fly a kite because of the heavy rain. He cant come here beca

18、use of the bad weather. There are all kinds of things for sale in this shopping centre. Lily went out for a walk just now. The help you out of pity. The traffic accident was out of carelessness in diving2.表示原因、目的的介詞 1.His father is very angry_him his study. A. at，with B.with，at C.to，about D.about，to 2.Paper