被動語態(tài)專項

1、被動語態(tài)專項講解英語動詞有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)之分。主動語態(tài)句子中的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者， 被動語態(tài)句子中的主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)由“be+動詞過去分詞”構(gòu)成。 關(guān)于動詞的語態(tài)變化請看下表：動詞的語態(tài)變化* 語態(tài)情況主動唐態(tài)械勃籬態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者強調(diào)主諾是動作的承受者時態(tài)_堿曲Many people speak English in the worid.English is spoken by many people in the world.一般過去時He wrote this book in 1991.This book was mttm by him eh 1994.一鍛將來時

2、We will hold a meeting tomorrow.A meeting will be held by us tomorrow.瞬將衲He said that they would build a bndgeiHe said that a bridgewoiiJd be bui】L現(xiàn)在進行時They mt discusfing this question naw.This question is being scussed now.過去進行時He was fixing my car at sim yesteniay.My car was being fixed by him at

3、sis yesterday.現(xiàn)在完成時We have already deantd ourOur dassroom has already b&en cleaned by us.過去完成時I had finished my conasitiDn before supper.My conpositiwi had been finished before supper.句 型主+謂+賓I parked my car outside the park.My car vvas parked cuts de the paifc by me.主+槽+艱賓She told us an inlereing J

4、lotyWe were told an interesting story by her./ An inleresling stoty was told to us by her.主+調(diào)+賓+補We chose Jackmonitw.Jad? was chosen mortitor by u$.短爵珀伺She took good care of the children.The children were taken good care ofby ha-.情態(tài)動詞+動詞We can change ger into vapour.Water cante changed into vapour.一

5、.主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的變法：口訣：賓變主，主變賓，謂變be done ,時不變，數(shù)格必須隨被變。注：1.主動、被動的時態(tài)要一致。主動、被動的句式要一致。變成的被動語態(tài)的主語與謂語在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。二、被動語態(tài)用于以下幾種情況不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者。如：Many new buildings are built in our city.強調(diào)動作的承受者。如：The wounded man has been sent to a hospital.動作執(zhí)行者有比較長的修飾語。如：The person was supported by those who wished to have a c

6、hance to make friends with him.出于禮貌，不愿說出動作的執(zhí)行者。如：You are requested to attend the party被動語態(tài)的基本用法：（1）使用被動語態(tài)時應(yīng)注意的幾個問題。帶雙賓語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)時，只能將其中的一個賓語變 為主語，另一個賓語仍要保留。如果保留的是間接賓語，要在間接賓語之前加上 介詞to或for.如：We are taught English by her.或 English is taught to us by her.主動語態(tài)中的不帶to的動詞不定式作賓補變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要加上不定式符號to。如：T

7、he boss made him work over twelve hours a day.He was made to work over twelve hours a day.短語動詞用于被動語態(tài)應(yīng)作為一個整體，不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。如： The meeting has been put off.有些及物動詞和及物動詞短語（多表示“靜態(tài)”）不能用于被動語態(tài)，常見的 有 have， cost， lack， last， own， hold， fit， agree with 等。有些不及物動詞以主動形式表示被動意義，常見的有cut，wash，write， sell 等。如：The shirt

8、 washes well.情態(tài)動詞和 be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better 等結(jié)構(gòu)變被動語態(tài)，只需將它們后面的動詞原形變?yōu)閎e +過去分詞。當句子的謂語為 say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、 report等時，被動語態(tài)有兩種形式：（A）謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)，動詞不定式作 主補。（B）用it作形式主語，真正的主語在后面用主語在后面用主語從句來表 示。如：People say he is a smart boy.It is said that he is a smart

9、boy.He is said to be a smart boy.People know paper was made in China first.類似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that 不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)之中。表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、 mean、last、look like、consist to 等。表示歸屬的動詞，如have、own、belong to等。

10、表示“希望、意圖”的動詞，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)，不能用被動語態(tài)。賓語是同位賓語，不定式、動名詞等謂語動詞不用被動語態(tài)。有些動詞以其主動形式表示被動意義，特別是當主語是物時，常見的動詞有 sell、write、wash、open、lock 等。主動形式表被動意義當feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容詞時；當 cut、read、sell、wear、write ride drive 等詞帶狀語修飾語時； 當動詞 表示“開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動”等意義時。This kind of

11、 cloth washes easily .這種布易洗。These novels wont sell well.這些小說不暢銷。My pen writes smoothly.我的鋼筆寫起來很流暢。The door wont lock .門鎖不上。The fish smells good.魚聞起來香。當 break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out 等動詞表示“發(fā) 生、關(guān)閉、制定”等意思時。The plan worked out successfully.The lamps on the wall turn off.want, require,

12、need后面的動名詞用主動表示被動含義。be worth doing用主動形式表示被動含義。在“be +形容詞+ to do”中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用主動代 被動。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.The girl isnt easy to get along with.另外：be to blame（受譴責(zé)），be to rent （出租）也用主動形式表被動。（4）被動形式表示主動意義的幾種情況。be seated坐著He is seated on a bench. （He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。be

13、 hidden躲藏He was hidden behind the door.（He hid himself behind the door.）他藏在 門后。be lost迷路be drunk喝醉be dressed穿著The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.四、過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別（現(xiàn)在如不能理解，可暫緩）系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞是表示主語的特征或狀態(tài)；而被動結(jié)構(gòu)則是表示主語 是動作的承受者。試比較：Our building is surrounded with the trees.（系表）The film is usually showed

14、 on Sunday.（被動）系表結(jié)構(gòu)不能帶有by引導(dǎo)的短語；而被動結(jié)構(gòu)中可以用by引導(dǎo)的短語引出 動作的執(zhí)行者。試比較：The book is well written. （系表）The book was written by Lu Xun.（被動）初中教材中被動語態(tài)考察最多的句型有：be made of由制作（看得出原材料）be made from由制作（看不出原材料或由多種材料制作）be made in由（某地）制造be made by被（某人）制造be used for 被用來be used as被當作（作為）來使用be used to do sth .被用來做某事It is said

15、 that.據(jù)說It is hoped that.希望It is well known that. .眾所周知be covered with 被覆蓋被動語態(tài)專項練習(xí)一、選擇題()1.a new libraryin our school last year?A.Is; builtB. Was; builtC. Does; buildD. Did ; build()2. An accident _ on this roadlast week.A.has been happenedB. was happenedC. is happenedD. happened()3.Cotton (棉花) in t

16、he southeast of China.A.is grownB. are grownC. growsD. grow()4.So far, the moon by man already.A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited()5.A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week.A. is givenB. has been given C. will be given D. gives( )6.How many trees this

17、year?A. are plantedB. will plantC. have been planted D.planted()7.A lot of things by people to save the little girl now.A. are doingB. are being done C. has been done D. will bedone()8.-When this kind of computers? -Last year.A. did; useB. was; usedC. is; used D. are; used()9.The Great Wall all over

18、 the world.A. knows B. knewC. is known D. was known()10.Who this book?A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ()11.A story by Granny yesterday.A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us()12.The monkey was seenoff the tree.A.jumpB. jumpsC. jumpedD. to jump()1

19、3.The school bagbehindthe chair.A.putsB. can be putC. can be putted D. can put()14.Older peoplewell.A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ()15.Our teacher carefully.A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened二、 用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的正確形式填空。(請注意時態(tài)

20、和語態(tài)兩個方面噢)Its said(據(jù)說)that the long bridge(build)in two months.Where to have the meeting(discuss) now.Which language the most widely(speak) in the world?The lost boy(not find) so far.Last year a large number of trees(cut) down.The students often (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.The old m

21、an is ill. He (must send) to the hospital.Vegetables, eggs and fruits(sell) in this shop.What knives(make) of ?They(make) of metal (金屬)and wood.Can the magazine (take) out of the library?The room(clean) by me every day.The stars can t(see) in the daytime.Some flowers(water) by Li Ming already.This k

22、ind of shoes(sell) well.How long your uncle(be) in the city?The food(smell) delicious.Look! Someone(dance).三、按要求改寫下列句子，一空一詞。1.Is tea grown in South China? (改為主動語態(tài)) people tea in South China?2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) A birthday present by my parents everyyearThe work is going to be finished in two days.(對劃線提問)How the work going to be finished ?The children will sing an English song.(改為被動語態(tài))An English song by the children.You neednt do it now.(改為被動語態(tài))It by you now.People use metal for making m