2023年職稱英語考試綜合類B級(jí)試題及參考答案

1、2023年職稱英語考試綜合類B級(jí)試題及參考答案 第一局部：詞匯選項(xiàng)第115題，每題1分，共15分下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或者短語有括號(hào)，請(qǐng)為每處括號(hào)局部確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。1. All the walls in the building had the same layout.A. sizeB. functionC. colorD. arrangment答案：D2. The storm caused severe damage.A. physical B. accidentalC. seriousD. enviromental答案：C3. The walls are made of h

2、ollow concret blocks.A. bigB. emptyC. longD. new答案：B4. Our aim was to update the health service and we succeeded.A. offerB. provideC. modernizeD. fund答案：C5. Do we have to wear these name tags?A. listsB. formsC. lablesD. codes答案：C6. Joe came to the window as the crowd chanted Joe,Joe,JoeA. repeatedB.

3、 jumpedC. maintainedD. approached答案：A7. He inspired many young people to take up sports.A. encouragedB. allowedC. calledD. advised答案：A8. The city center was wiped out by the bomb.A. coveredB. reducedC. destroyedD. moved答案：C9. Most baby can take in a wide range of food easily.A. bringB. digestC. keep

4、D. serve答案：B10. A larg crowd assembled outside the American embassy.A. watchedB. shoutedC. gatheredD. walked答案：C11. The weather was crisp and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.A. freshB. hotC. heavyD. windy答案：A12. What puzzles me is why his books are so popular.A. shocksB. influ

5、encesC. confusesD. concerns答案：C13. I think $7 a drink is a bit steep, dont you?A. tightB. lowC. cheap D. high答案：D14. The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious.A. needB. hateC. loveD. pity答案：D15. Her comments about men are utterly ridiculous.A. slightlyB. partlyC. faintlyD. completely答

6、案：D第二局部：閱讀判斷第1622題，每題1分，共7分下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷；如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。Brotherly Love1. Adidas and puma began to make shoes at the end of 19th century. Wrong2. The brothers father was a ball maker. Wrong3. The brothers make shoes at home. Right4. The brothe

7、rs argued about the shoes. Wrong5. The brothers decided to start their separate companies after argument. Right6. Nike makes more shoes than Adidas. Not mentioned7. People in town have forgotten their argument. Wrong第三局部：概括大意和完成句子第2330題，每題1分，共8分下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測試任務(wù)：1第2326題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為指定段落每段選擇1個(gè)小標(biāo)題；2第2730題要

8、求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定一個(gè)最正確選項(xiàng)。How technology pushes down price(原文有刪減) The Treaty of Breda, signed in 1667 after a war between the English and Dutch in which the English were worsted, gave the Dutch the big prize: Run, a small island in the Indonesian archipelago which was the worlds principal source of n

9、utmeg. The margin on nutmeg at the time was around 3,200%. The English, as a consolation prize, got Manhattan. As an illustration of the long-term fall in food prices compared with other goods, that is a sharp one. But deflation has characterized the food business for centuries, because of continual

10、 advances in food production and distribution technology. Consumers have benefited greatly from those advances. Malthusians, whose descendants until quite recently predicted that the world would run out of food, have thereby been confounded. More and more food is being produced by fewer and fewer pe

11、ople with less and less capital; it is therefore ever more plentiful and cheaper. Since demand is to some extent limited by the size of peoples stomachs, spending on food compared with other goods has been falling for many years, and continues to drop (see chart 4). Genetically modified (GM) seeds a

12、re the latest manifestation of a production revolution that started with Charles “Turnip Townsend, who in the 18th century laid the basis for crop rotation. Organic fertilisers were replaced by chemical ones in the 19th century. The railway opened up the American mid-west. The horse replaced the cow

13、, the combine harvester the horse. After the second world war, dwarf varieties of wheat and rice (which overcame the problem that heavily fertilised crops in hot countries grew too tall and fell over) boosted developing-country output. The “green revolution helped trigger a more recent “l(fā)ivestock re

14、volution, documented by Chris Delgado, who works jointly for the International Food Policy Research Institute and the International Livestock Research Institute. Higher incomes and urbanisation, combined with falling food prices, have boosted meat and milk consumption in developing countries. By 199

15、7, real beef prices were a third their level in 1971. Over that period, meat consumption in developing countries rose five-fold, three times as fast as in developed countries. Milk consumption rose three-fold.By the 1980s, advances in conventional plant breeding had tailed off, but GM made it possib

16、le to do things with DNA that conventional breeding could not do. Despite scaremongering in Europe, GM technology is spreading elsewhere: most of the worlds soya is now GM.Producing lots of food is not much good unless you can distribute it, so advances in distribution technology have been as import

17、ant as those in production technology. Salt, used to preserve food, which meant that it could be stored and traded, was an early aid to distribution. Canning arrived in the early 19th century, when a Frenchman discovered that food could be stored longer if it was heated before it was bottled, and a

18、Briton worked out that tin cans were easier to transport than bottles; and both the British and the French armies used the technology to feed their troops in the Napoleonic wars.Francis Bacon, a British scientist and essayist, was an early victim of the struggle to develop refrigeration technology:

19、he died in 1626 after eating some chicken that he had stuffed with snow as part of an experiment. In 1877 the first shipload of frozen beef was carried from Argentina to France. The impact on the food industry of the spread of the domestic refrigerator in the 20th century was rivalled only by that o

20、f the car, which changed the face of retailing by allowing supermarkets to develop. Supermarkets have helped push down prices principally because of their scale. Big businesses can invest in IT systems that make them efficient. And their size allows them to buy in bulk. The more concentrated the ret

21、ail business becomes, the bigger supermarkets get, the further prices get pushed down until, of course, there is so much concentration that there is not enough competition. Britains Competition Commission indicated earlier this year that the supermarket industry was moving towards that point: it ref

22、used to let any of the top three supermarket chains buy one of the smaller players. In America, however, where the size of the country means a more fragmented retail business, there is still scope for further concentration: the “black death, as Wal-Mart is known in the trade, is expected to claim mo

23、re victims. Wal-Marts scale, the efficiency of its IT systems and the cheapness of its non-unionised labour force ($8-10 an hour compared with $17-18 for mid-sized players such as Albertsons, A hold, Safeway and Kroger), give it a massive advantage. It sells Colgate toothpaste for an average of 63%

24、of its competitors price, Tropicana orange juice for 58% and Kelloggs Corn Flakes for 56%. Analysts expect at least one of the mid-sized firms to disappear.The concentration of power among retailers has led to another stage in the shift in power down the food chain. Once upon a time, power lay with

25、landlords. In the 20th century, as processing and distribution became more important, so did the food producers. Lord Haskins, Tony Blairs adviser on farming, recalls going to food industry conferences in the 1970s, when there would be a line of Rolls-Royces outside, all belonging to producers. Reta

26、iler concentration has shifted power (and profits) further down the food chainNo longer. Retailer concentration has shifted power (and profits) further down the food chain. But the retailers are not the type to swank around in flash cars. They are ostentatiously parsimonious, advertising their deter

27、mination to keep prices down. Wal-Marts headquarters in Bentonville, Arkansas, is in a converted warehouse. Tesco, Britains biggest private-sector employer, has its headquarters in a Stalinist bunker in a nasty bit of north-east London. Beside the main reception its share price is proudly displayed

28、on one of those blackboards with white plastic letters stuck on to it that you see in the cheapest sandwich bars. One of the manifestations of retailers power (which also reinforces it) is the growth of private-label (ie, supermarket- not producer-branded) goods. In 2002, according to the Boston Con

29、sulting Group, own-label made up 39% of grocery sales in Britain, 21% in France and only 16% in the United States, but everybody thinks that, as retailing becomes more concentrated, America is going the way of Giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better de

30、alFood companies certainly think giving people more food for their money makes them buy more. That is why portions have been getting larger and larger. In America, soft drinks, which used to come in 8oz and then 12oz containers now come in 20oz ones. As Dennis Lombardi of Technomic, a food-industry

31、consultancy in Chicago, points out, giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better deal. “If I can give you an 8oz portion for $7, I can give you a 12oz portion for $8. The only incremental cost to me is the food, which probably cost 25 cents. Everybody, ther

32、efore, has done it.Scientists have shown that portion size partly determines how much people eat. Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania 23. Paragraph 124. Paragraph 225. Paragraph 326. Paragraph 4A. Huge retailers force producers to cunt costsB. Consumers like supermarketsC. Technolog

33、y helps reduce food pricesD. Food comes cheaper in larger portionsE. Chain stores provide better serviceF. Bigger supermarkets offer lower prices27. Big supermarkets can offer food at lower prices because they can buy in_28. Some food producers have reduced_29. Besides cutting its workforce, Unileve

34、r also abandoned its_30. Buyers like bigger portion because they think they have got_A. their workforceB. huge portionsC. large quantitiesD. their moneyE. a good bargingF. minor brands答案：23C technology helps reduce food prices24. F bigger supermarkets offer lower prices25. A. Huge retailers force pr

35、oducers to cut costs26D food comes cheaper in larger portions27. Big supermarkets can offer food at lower prices because they can buy _.答案為C: in bulk = in large quantities28. Some forced producers have reduced _答案為F。minor brands29Besides cutting its cost, Unilever also abandoned its _答案為A. their wor

36、kforce 30Buyers like big portions because they think they have got _.答案為E。a good bargain = a better deal第四局部：閱讀理解第3145題，每題3分，共45分下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最正確選項(xiàng)。第一篇Oseola Marcaty31. This woman shocked and inspired the world because _. A. she had managed to save so much moneyB. she gave her mo

37、ney to African AmericansC. she gave her life savings to help others through universityD. she only spent money on cheap things 答案：C32. She managed to save so much money because _. A. she had ironed and washed clothes all her lifeB. she had worked hard, saved hard and invested carefullyC. she had open

38、ed a good bank accountD. she knew how to make money答案：B33. She gave her money away because _. A. she wanted to help the universityB. she wanted others to have the chance to become nursesC. she wanted others to have the opportunity to escape a hard lifeD. she want to be remembered after her death答案：C

39、34. When her generosity was made _.A. people donated billionsB. hundreds of students got scholarshipsC. hundreds of people put money into the fundD. she was sent to university答案：C35. Marcartys generosity indicates clearly thatA. scholarship funds are popular in USB. Kind-hearted people deserves doct

40、oratesC. Selflessness exists in human societyD. Poor people can donate as much as rich people答案：C第二篇 From Ponzi to Madoff36. For every 100 Ponzi promises to pay peopleA5 a yearB40 a yearC20 a yearD100 a year答案：B37. What did Ponzi do with the money people gave him?AHe spent it all on things for himse

41、lf.BHe used some of it to pay other people.CHe deposited it all in a bank.DHe kept it all to save for a good plan.答案：B38. What was Ponzis crime？AHe kept a lot of other peoples money for himself.BHe robbed the banks of millions of dollars.CHe gave people more than bank allowed.DHe couldnt pay people

42、the interests.答案：A39. How long did Madoffs trick lastsAFour years.BForty years.CNine years.DNinety years.答案：B40. Why didnt Madoff have to go on trail?AHe admitted he was guilty.BThe officials couldnt find any evidence against him. CHe had friends in government who helped him.DHe returned all illegal

43、 money.答案：A第三篇Gross National HappinessIn the last century， new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However， one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia， the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist佛教culture had not been

44、affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan， however， was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read， and they did not know much about the outside world. Then， in 1972， a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern， but with

45、out losing its traditions.King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal ProductGNP。 The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases， people say the country is making progress. King Wangchu

46、ck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his countrys progress by peoples happiness. If the peoples happiness increased， the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier， he created a measure called Gross National HappinessGNH。GNH is based on certa

47、in principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care， education， and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy， protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally， people are happier when they have a good， st

48、able government.Now these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks， and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their tradition

49、al clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2023， King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king， it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first t

50、ime. Finally， Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutans GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care

51、 of their people， cultures， and land.Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil， perhaps the rest of th

52、e world will follow.41. Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?A. A president.B. A Buddhist priest.C. A general.D. A king.42. Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?A. To make its population grow.B. To keep it separate from the world.C. To encourage its people to get ri

53、ch.D. To keep its tradition and customs.43. A country shows its progress with GNP byA. selling more products.B. spending more money.C. spending less money.D. providing more jobs.44. According to GNH, people are happier if theyA. have new technology.B. can change their religion.C. have a good, stable

54、 government.D. have more money.45. Today, many countries areA. using the principles of GNH to measure their progress.B. working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.C. taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress.D. trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.答案：4

55、1Who was Wangchuck?答案為D. king相關(guān)句第一段：anew ruler called king Wangchuck42. Apart from modernization modernizing Bhuta, whatelse did Wangchuck want to do for Bhuta?答案為D. keep its traditions and customs.相關(guān)句：Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions.43. A country

56、 shows its progress with GNP by _.答案為A. selling more products相關(guān)句：The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases people say the country is making progress.44. According to GNH, people are happier if they _.答案為C. have a good stable government45. Today many countries ar

57、e _.答案為D. trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.相關(guān)句：Many countries are interested in Bhutans GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness.第5局部：補(bǔ)全短文第4650題，每題2分，共10分下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個(gè)句子，其中5個(gè)取自短文，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章面貌。Voice Your OpinionChange is Needed in Y

58、outh SportsEverywhere you look， you see kids bouncing a basketball or waving a tennis racquet 網(wǎng)球拍。 And these kids are getting younger and younger. In some countries， children can compete on basketball， baseball， and volleyball teams starting at age nine. 46And swimming and gymnastics classes begin a

59、t age four， to prepare children for competition. Its true that a few of these kids will develop into highly skilled athletes and may even become members of the national Olympic teams. 47 This emphasis on competition in sports is having serious negative effects. Children who get involved in competiti

60、ve sports at a young age often grow tired of their sport. Many parents pressure their kids to choose one sport and devote all their time to it. 48 But 66 percent of the young athletes wanted to play more than one sport-for fun. Another problem is the pressure imposed by over-competitive parents and