句子成分專題講解

1、關(guān)于句子成分專題講解第1頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分.Definition第2頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四主要成分次要成分主語Subject (S)謂語Predicate (V)表語Predicative (P)賓語Object (O)定語Attribute狀語Adverbial補足語句子成分Object Complement (Oc)第3頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四句子成分詳解表句子成分意義充當(dāng)詞類例句主語句子敘述的主體，表示句子說的是什么人或什么事名、代、數(shù)、名詞化的形容詞、不

2、定式、動名詞和從句We study in HuangQiao Middle School.謂語說明主語所發(fā)出的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)，說明主語做什么，是什么或怎么樣動詞或動詞詞組She is dancing under the tree.賓語表示動作行為的對象或承受者同主語Both of us like English.表語與聯(lián)系動詞連用，說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、動詞的-ing、從句Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定語用來修飾名詞、代詞或其他名詞化的詞形，代，數(shù)，名, 副

3、，介詞短語或從句We have eight lessons every day.狀語修飾動詞短語、形容詞短語、副詞短語、分句以至句子，表示動作發(fā)生的時間，地點，原因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等副詞，介詞短語或從句He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.賓語補足語邏輯上與賓語是主謂關(guān)系形容詞，名詞，介詞短語等She always keeps the house clean.主語謂語是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補輔助。賓主來自名代數(shù)，動詞作謂不可無！第4頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四是一個句子所敘述的主體，表示句子說的是什么人或什么

4、事,一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語不是疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語不放于句首，而位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。主語Subject第5頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular。2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are

5、girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. （名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（動名詞）（名詞化的形容詞）第6頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.（主語從句）（it

6、作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）第7頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞或動詞詞組在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語Predicate第8頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。 He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten oclock.2、復(fù)合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞的各種變形構(gòu)成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has

7、 caught a bad cold. （2）由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。如： We are students.注意：謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要保持一致（主謂一致）。第9頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動名詞、賓語從句等來擔(dān)任。賓語Object第10頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四1.They went to see an exhibition yesterday.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to sch

8、ool on time.3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（名詞）（代詞、動名詞）（名詞、數(shù)詞）第11頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.（名詞化形容詞，名詞）（不定式短語）（動名詞短語）（賓語從句

9、）第12頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語）Lend me your dictionary, please.To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等，He sent the novel to William yesterday.For: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等，She bought a gift for he

10、r mother.（2）復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補）They elected him their monitor.第13頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四只能接不定式做賓語 ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等， 如： He refused to lend me his bike.只能接動名詞做賓語 adm

11、it, avoid, advise, consider, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise, suggest等， 如：John has admitted breaking the window .既可接不定式，也可接動名詞做賓語，但意義不同 stop, mean, try, remember, forget, regret等。第14頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四用以說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)。一般位于系動詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, s

12、eem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、 副詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語及表語從句表示。表語Predicative第15頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四1.Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞）2.Is it yours?（代詞）3.The weather has turned cold.（形容詞）4.The speech is exciting.（分詞）5.Three times seven is twenty one?（數(shù)詞）第16頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四6.His jo

13、b is to teach English.（不定式）7.His hobby is playing football.（動名詞）8.The meeting is of great importance.（介詞短語）9.Time is up. The class is over.（副詞）10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語從句）第17頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)等。系動詞（Linking verb)狀態(tài)系動詞持續(xù)系動詞表像系動詞感官系動詞變化系動詞終

14、止系動詞第18頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四1）狀態(tài)系動詞:表示主語狀態(tài), be eg. He is a teacher. 2）持續(xù)系動詞:表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度, keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, standeg. He always kept silent at meeting.3）表像系動詞:表示“看起來像”這一概念，seem, appear, lookeg. He seems (to be) very sad.第19頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四4）感官系動詞:feel, smell, sound

15、, taste eg. This kind of cloth feels very soft. 5）變化系動詞:表示主語變成什么樣，become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run eg. He became mad after that.6）終止系動詞:表示主語已終止動作，表達“證實”，“變成”之意， prove, turn out eg. The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success.第20頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還

16、要有一個賓語補足語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞+賓語+賓補。賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。賓語補足語Object complement第21頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四1.His father named him Dongming.2.They painted their boat white.3.Let the fresh air in.4.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.5.We saw her entering the room.6.

17、We found everything in the lab in good order.7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.（名詞）（形容詞）（副詞）（不定式短語）（現(xiàn)在分詞）（介詞短語）（從句）第22頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語常由形容詞，分詞，名詞, 代詞，不定式短語，動名詞，介詞短語或從句擔(dān)任。定語Attribute第23頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四1.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞）2.C

18、hina is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分詞）3.There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名詞）4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代詞）第24頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四5.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語）6.The teaching plan for next term

19、has been worked out.（動名詞）7.He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介詞短語）8.Farmers who saw us stared at us as if we are walking skeletons. (定語從句)第25頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。常由副詞，介詞短語，句子充當(dāng)。狀語Adverbial第26頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四1.Light travels mo

20、st quickly.2.He has lived in the city for ten years. 3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（副詞及副詞性詞組）（介詞短語）（不定式短語）第27頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四4.He is in the room making a model plane.5.Wait a minute.6.Once you begin, you must continue.（分詞短語）（名詞）（狀語從句）第28頁，共43頁，202

21、2年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四1.How about meeting again at six?2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.3.I shall go there if it doesnt rain. 4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（時間狀語）（原因狀語）（條件狀語）（地點狀語）（方式狀語）10種狀語第29頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3

22、點27分，星期四6.She came in with a dictionary in her hand.7.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 8.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 9.She works very hard though she is old.10.I am taller than he is.（伴隨狀語）（目的狀語）（結(jié)果狀語）（讓步狀語）（比較狀語）第30頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四 同位語（Appos

23、itive）:對前面的名詞或代詞做進一步的解釋，通常由名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔(dān)任This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.插入語（Parenthesis）:對一句話做一些附加的解釋，通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, believe-)等To be frank, I dont quite agree with you.第31頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四（一）指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the

24、newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.S.AttributeO.PredicateAdverbialAttributeAdverbialAdverbialExercises第32頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of th

25、e palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.AttributePredicativeO.PredicateS

26、.PredicateS.PredicativePredicateO.AdverbialAO.RO.第33頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest，your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and t

27、idy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.O.AttributeParenthesisO.AdverbialAdverbialAS.PredicativeO.C.O.C.Predicative第34頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四指出下列諸句中畫線部分是什么成分：On the left of my house is an old church.Why could the boiling point of water be lower at the top of a mounta

28、in?3. I am not going to work today.4. This thing is for peeling potatoes.5.What time will you arrive?6.The Genie promised that if anyone should come and set him free, he would make him very rich.7. What nationality are you?S.S.V.Prep.O.Adv.O.C.Predicative第35頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四8. I couldnt u

29、nderstand why he had decided to retire at 50. 9. I am terribly confused by all this information.10. We had already reached 9000 feet by then.11. She reminded me to switch off all the lights.12. Ill be able to pass my driving test after I have had a few lessons.13. I love swimming. It keeps me fit.14

30、. It is obvious that money doesnt grow on trees.AdverbialV.O.C.O.O.C.S.O.第36頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四(二)劃分句子成分1.we are working .2.I can swim very well .3.The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me .4.Why does the wind blow .5.The rain has been pulling down for a whole day .6.Both Tom and Jack enjo

31、y country music .7.Jim asked you to give his best wishes to everyone .8.You must get the car ready by tomorrow .第37頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四9.I have a lot of clothes to wash . I have a lot of clothes to be washed .10.He gave his son some advice on reading .11.Read me the first paragraph .12.Ive o

32、rdered some soup for you .13.He began leaning English ten years ago .14.My being late worried my teacher .15.That president himself would visit our school excited all of us .16.April Day is the special day of the year when you play a joke on someone .第38頁，共43頁，2022年，5月20日，3點27分，星期四17.He usually takes a nap after lunch ,as is his habit .18.I found the book in the corner of the room.19.he finished lunch and went into th