復(fù)旦大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院兒科學(xué)考試試題

1、復(fù)旦大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院兒科學(xué)系20052006 學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末考試試卷一、選擇題（140分）A型題What is the most important clinical feature of nephriticsyndrome?ProteinuriaC.HypertensionE.HypercholesteolemiaEdemaD. HypoalbuminemiaThe range of serum natrium concentration in isonatremic dehydration shouldbe120140mmol/L C.140160mmol/LE.130 150mmol/LB.

2、 130 160mmol/LD. 140 150mmol/LWhich is main difference between dehydration of severe degree andmoderate degree?poor skinresiliencyC.oliguria oranuriaE. peripheral circulatory orbitpittingD. metabolic acidosisWhat time is better for weaning in breast feedingbaby?4-5 months ofageC.10-12 months ofE. 18

3、 months of age6-9 months ofageD. 13-15 months of ageThe ratio of Calcium and Phosphorus in breastmilkisA.1:2C.2:1E. 1.5:2B.1.5:1D.1.2:1During fetal life, the earliest synthesized immunoglobinisIgMC.IgGE. IgEB.IgDD.IgAVery low birthweight infant is the newborn whose birth weight is lessthanA.C.E.800g

4、B.2000g1500gD.lOOOgThe major early manifestation of tuberculous meningitis in childrenisA tense anteriorfontanealC.StuporE. Mood changesConvulsionD. Cranial nerve palsiesDTP (Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis vaccine), Primary immunization shouldtakenJust onetimeOnce a month, twotimesOnce a month, thre

5、etimesOnce a week, twotimesOnce a week, threetimesPhysiologic weight lower of a normal newborn will be recoveredinA.C. 57 days E.10-14 daysl3daysB.35D.710daysIf a staphylococcal pneumonia patient suddenly breath difficultly, weshould consider that is because:A.highfeverC. pneumonia developedE. heart

6、 failureB. acidosisD. pyopneumothoraxIntrauterine life comprises two stages: embryonic and fetal, the fetal periodis usually considered tobe:the end of 6 th week of gestation to 40 th week ofgestationthe end of 8 th week of gestation to 40 th week ofgestationthe end of 10 th week of gestation to 40

7、th week ofgestationthe end of 12 th week of gestation to 40 th week ofgestationthe end of 12 th week of gestation to 37 th week ofgestationA newborn baby, gestational age 268 days, birth weight2.45kg,height 47.5cm,head circumference 34cm,chest circumference 32cm, heispre-term, large for gestational

8、agebabyfull-term, appropriate for gestational agebabyfull-term, small for gestational agebabypost-term,small for gestational agebabyfull-term,large for gestational agebabyWhich one of the following statement isn5t the clinical finding offebrile convulsionwith a family history ofseizuresoften occur i

9、n neonatalperiodassociated with a rapidly risingtemperatureless than 10 to 15 minutesepisodetypical generalizedseizuresPhysiologic hypogammaglobulinemia is commonly seeninImmediately afterbirthC. 10-12 months of ageE. 3 years of ageB. 3-4 months of ageD. 1-2 years of ageWhich one is the cyanostic ty

10、pe of congenital heartdiseaseventricular septaldefectC. tetralogy of Fallot E.pulmonary stenosisB. atrial septal defectD. Patent ductus arteriosusWhich one of the following statement isn5t the general regularity ofgrowth development inchildren?from the upper part to the lowerpartfrom the distal part

11、 to the proximalpartfrom the gross motion to finemotionfrom lower level to higherlevelfrom simple tocomplicatedThe range of serum natrium concertration in isonatremic dehydration shouldbe A.120-140mmol/1B.130-160mmol/1C.140-160mmol/1D. 140-150mmol/1E. 130-150 mmol/1The major manifestations of acute

12、glomerulonephritisarehypertension, hematuria,proteinuriaproteinuria,hypertensionedema, hypertension,hematuriaoliguria, edema, hypertension,hematuriaoliguria, edema, hematuria,hypercholesteolemiaPPD test is a reliable diagnostic test for tuberculosis, an infectedpatient respounds positively ofinfecti

13、onimmediatelyC. within 2-4 weekE. after 10 weekB.within12weekD. within 4-10week以下哪種情況與生長發(fā)育規(guī)律不符？生長發(fā)育是連續(xù)的過程各系統(tǒng)器官發(fā)育不平衡生長發(fā)育遵循由簡單到復(fù)雜的規(guī)律神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育先慢后快生長發(fā)育有個(gè)體差異一般來說頭圍等于胸圍的年齡是A. 6個(gè)月C.1歲半E.2歲半B. 1歲D. 2歲嬰兒每日需要量熱能為376KJ (90Kcal)/kg419KJ(100Kcal)/kg461KJ(110Kcl)/kg502KJ(120Kcal)/kgE. 543(130Kcal)/kg輕度肥胖的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為小兒休重超過同性

14、別同身高正常兒均值的A. 10 19%B. 2029%C. 3039%D. 4049E. 50 59%在新生兒窒息復(fù)蘇方案中，應(yīng)首先采取哪一步驟？建立呼吸，增加通氣盡量吸凈呼吸道粘液，保持氣道通暢給腎上腺素維持正常循環(huán)，保證足夠心輸出量以上都不是下列哪一項(xiàng)與新生兒肺透明膜病的發(fā)病關(guān)系最不密切？肺表面活性物質(zhì)缺乏早產(chǎn)兒足月兒小樣兒糖尿病母親嬰兒剖宮產(chǎn)以下哪項(xiàng)不是新生兒敗血癥的臨床表現(xiàn)？不吃、不哭、體溫不升黃疸氣急抽搐顱內(nèi)出血腺病毒肺炎主要臨床特點(diǎn)為年長兒多見喘憋明顯而肺部羅首不明顯常有高熱而一般情況良好咳嗽有粉紅色泡沫痰夏季最多見下列哪種情況符合小兒重癥肺炎？氣胸膿胸肺膿瘍中毒性腦病敗血癥室間隔

15、缺損首先導(dǎo)致哪個(gè)心腔擴(kuò)大左心房增大左心室增大右心房增大右心室增大都有可能金黃色葡萄球菌腸炎典型大便為黃色水樣蛋花湯樣粘液血便豆腐渣樣暗綠色海水樣牛理性貧血的主要原因是先天儲(chǔ)鐵不足腎功能不全紅細(xì)胞生成素不足鐵攝入不足疾病影響癲癇失神發(fā)作應(yīng)首選下列哪種抗癲癇藥物治療?氯硝西泮苯巴比妥苯妥英鈉卡馬西平丙戊酸鈉典型苯丙酮尿癥的發(fā)病機(jī)理為A.苯丙氨酸-4B四氫生物喋吟生成不足酪氨酸輕化酶受抑制5-疑色胺不足二氫生物喋吟還原酶先天缺陷下列哪項(xiàng)對鑒別小兒風(fēng)濕熱與類風(fēng)濕病最有價(jià)值？發(fā)熱關(guān)節(jié)炎心臟炎血沉增快X線示關(guān)節(jié)面破壞女孩，10210mmol/Lo可診斷為糖尿病中樞性尿崩癥腎性尿崩癥甲亢以上都不是腎炎性腎病

16、與單純性腎病的區(qū)別在于水腫更嚴(yán)重高膽固醇血癥有血尿或高血壓對激素不敏感低蛋白血癥更明顯10170/120mmHg,H500ml,應(yīng)診斷為：心力衰竭高血壓腦病代謝性酸中毒并發(fā)化膿性腦膜炎腎功能衰竭小兒尿路感染最常見的病原菌是大腸桿菌變形桿菌克雷白菌金黃色葡萄球菌真菌驚厥持續(xù)狀態(tài)是指1小時(shí)1小時(shí)，間期無清醒期抽搐間期無清醒期驚厥持續(xù)時(shí)間超過半小時(shí)抽搐超過半小時(shí)，間期無清醒期二問答題（1560分）試述新生兒缺氧缺血性腦病的病因和臨床表現(xiàn)。簡述小兒輕、中、重度脫水的臨床表現(xiàn)及鑒別要點(diǎn)。試述小兒急性腎炎的臨床表現(xiàn)和治療原則。試述動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管未閉的血流動(dòng)力學(xué)特點(diǎn)和臨床表現(xiàn)。試卷答案1、 A)21(D)(2 、

17、 E(22、(B)3、 E)(4(4、C)(5、C)(6、A)(7、C)(8、E)9、(C)10、(D)11、(D)12 、（D)13、(C)14、(B)15、(B)16、(C)17、(B)18、(E)19、(D)20、(D)23(C)、24(B)、25(B)、26(C)、27(E)、28(B)、29(D)、30(B)、31(E)、32(C)、33(E)、34(A)、35(E)、36(A)、37(C)、38(B)、39(A)、40(E)、1.病因：試述新牛兒缺氧缺血性腦病的病因和臨床表現(xiàn)。母親因素：妊娠相關(guān)疾?。喝迅甙Y、子癇全身性疾病：糖尿病、心血管疾病、腎臟?。? 分）其他因素：各種手術(shù)產(chǎn)、

18、急產(chǎn)、產(chǎn)程延長、頭盆不稱（2分）胎兒因素：早產(chǎn)兒、過期產(chǎn)、小于胎齡兒、巨大兒、多胎先天畸形、宮內(nèi)感染、羊水或胎糞吸入（2 分）臨床表現(xiàn)：出生后 12-24 小時(shí)出現(xiàn)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)癥狀，根據(jù)意識、肌張力改變、原始反射異常、驚厥和腦干受損等表現(xiàn)，可分為輕、中、重度。（9 分）臨床表現(xiàn)輕度中度重度意識激惹抑制、嗜睡昏迷肌張力改變正?；蛏邷p弱松軟擁抱反射正常或活躍減弱消失驚厥無半數(shù)有驚厥頻繁驚厥2.簡述小兒輕、屮、重度脫水的臨床表現(xiàn)及鑒別要點(diǎn)。輕、屮、重度失水的臨床表現(xiàn):輕度中度重度皮膚相當(dāng)于體重 5%5-10%口唇粘膜變略差口唇粘膜變略差較差非常煩躁眼眶前區(qū) 1稍凹明顯凹陷深度凹陷眼淚尿量減少尿少、淚少甚至無尿、無淚循環(huán)尚可、肢溫脈細(xì)、肢涼循環(huán)障礙、甚至