2022屆高考人教版英語(yǔ)一輪課件：專題三+第三講-介詞(短語(yǔ))

1、第三講介詞(短語(yǔ)) 第三講介詞(短語(yǔ)) .單句語(yǔ)法填空1(2020高考浙江卷)Some time after 10，000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ， through agriculture.解析：考查介詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，they lived 是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the world；省略了關(guān)系代詞，說(shuō)明關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)法常識(shí)知，live常和介詞in搭配，意為“居住在”。省略了的關(guān)系代詞作in的賓語(yǔ)。答案：in.單句語(yǔ)法填空2(2020高考全國(guó)卷)The ar

2、tist was finally humbled (謙卑) by the greatest artist earth, Mother Nature.解析：考查介詞。此處on earth相當(dāng)于in the world，意思是“在世上，在人間”。答案：on2(2020高考全國(guó)卷)The artist was 3(2020新高考全國(guó)卷)Museums must compete peoples spare time and money with other amusements.Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special ac

3、tivities for children.解析：考查介詞。compete for.with.為了而與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，為固定搭配。答案：for3(2020新高考全國(guó)卷)Museums must c.單句改錯(cuò)1(2020高考全國(guó)卷)Im glad to know that youve come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown._解析：考查介詞。句意：知道你來(lái)到中國(guó)在我家鄉(xiāng)的一所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)功夫我很高興。come為不及物動(dòng)詞，后面加賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，需加介詞。此處表示“來(lái)到”，故在come后加to。答案：come后加to.單句改錯(cuò)2(2019高考全國(guó)卷)

4、When I studied chemistry high school，I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor. _解析：考查介詞。in/at high school意為“在高中”。答案：high前加in/at2(2019高考全國(guó)卷)When I studied 1for表示“(時(shí)間、距離)達(dá)到；計(jì)；因?yàn)?，為了；就而言?表示去向)往，向”等The meeting lasted for an hour.這次會(huì)議持續(xù)了一個(gè)小時(shí)。He is tall for his age.就他的年齡而言，他是個(gè)高個(gè)子。高頻介詞的基本用法 1for表示

5、“(時(shí)間、距離)達(dá)到；計(jì)；因?yàn)椋瑸榱?；就?by“在旁，靠近；乘(車、船等)；不遲于；被，由；按照，通過(guò)方式；數(shù)量(程度)達(dá)到”等The telephone is by the window.電話在窗戶旁邊。Can you finish the work by five oclock?你能在五點(diǎn)鐘前完成工作嗎？2by“在旁，靠近；乘(車、船等)；不遲于；被，由；按3with“帶有，具有；隨著；因?yàn)?；就?lái)說(shuō)；用，以，和，與；對(duì)于，關(guān)于”等A young woman came in with a cup of coffee.一名年輕女子端著一杯咖啡走了進(jìn)來(lái)。With education，you c

6、an be whatever you want to bea doctor，a lawyer or a pilot.憑借教育，你能成為任何你想成為的人醫(yī)生、律師或飛行員。3with“帶有，具有；隨著；因?yàn)?；就?lái)說(shuō)；用，以，和4of “屬于，關(guān)于”等。此外，還常用在“It is/wasadj.of.”句型中，表示描述對(duì)象的特征This is a friend of mine.這是我的一位朋友。5on“在之上；在(某一天)；處在情況中；關(guān)于(事或人)”等on the table在桌子上，on Sept.1在9月1日，on sale出售，on foot步行，an article on art 一篇關(guān)

7、于藝術(shù)的文章4of “屬于，關(guān)于”等。此外，還常用在“It is/wa6in“在內(nèi)；(方向)以方向；在(某段時(shí)間)之后；穿著；(表示狀態(tài)或狀況)處于中；(表示使用的語(yǔ)言、材料等)用，以；在方面”等in all directions四面八方，in an hour 一小時(shí)后，in cash用現(xiàn)金，in a red coat穿著一件紅色外套，in color在顏色方面，in ink用鋼筆6in“在內(nèi)；(方向)以方向；在(某段時(shí)間)之后；7against表示“反對(duì)，反抗，違背； 倚，靠；逆著(水流、潮流、風(fēng)等)”或“與相對(duì)抗”An agreement seems to be impossible be

8、cause the majority of the committee members are against it.看來(lái)意見達(dá)成一致是不可能了，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)委員會(huì)成員都表示反對(duì)。7against表示“反對(duì)，反抗，違背； 倚，靠；逆著(水1表示時(shí)間的介詞after在之后at在時(shí)刻(時(shí)間點(diǎn))before在之前 between在之間by在之前，不遲于 during在期間for(表示一段時(shí)間) on在(某一天)介詞的分類 1表示時(shí)間的介詞介詞的分類 since自從以來(lái) until/till直到in在(某段時(shí)間)之后；在(某月、某年等)from .to .從到shortly after不久since自從

9、以來(lái) until/till直2表示空間關(guān)系和方位的介詞2表示空間關(guān)系和方位的介詞3表示方式、方法、手段的介詞(1)with多指用有形的工具、身體的某部位或器官；(2)by側(cè)重指使用某種方法、手段或乘坐某種交通工具；(3)in指使用某種語(yǔ)言、材料等；(4)on表示使用特指的交通工具，或依靠某種方式或方法等。3表示方式、方法、手段的介詞4表示原因的介詞或短語(yǔ)at 因?yàn)?，由于as a result of 由于的原因because of 因?yàn)椋捎赿ue to 由于for 因?yàn)?，由?表示原因的介詞或短語(yǔ)on account of 由于owing to 因?yàn)?，由于thanks to 幸虧，多虧with

10、 由于on account of 由于(一)介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配take advantage of 利用thank sb.for sth. 為某事感謝某人rely on 依靠have an effect on 對(duì)有影響call for 需要介詞的搭配 (一)介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配介詞的搭配 separate.from. 把與分開apply for 申請(qǐng)make a list of 列出一張的單子feel like 想要play with 同一起玩；玩弄care about 關(guān)心；介意say goodbye to 對(duì)說(shuō)再見separate.from. 把與分開pay for 為付款contribute t

11、o 貢獻(xiàn)；有助于；促成begin with 以開始provide sb.with sth. 提供某人某物refer to 提及；參考；查閱pay for 為付款(二)介詞與名詞的搭配1“atn.”表示狀態(tài)at a loss 不知所措at peace 處于和平狀態(tài)at war 在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中at work 在工作(二)介詞與名詞的搭配2其他以at開頭的介詞短語(yǔ)at the beginning of 在的開始at the cost of 以的代價(jià)at the risk of 冒的危險(xiǎn)at the mercy of 在支配下；任由擺布2其他以at開頭的介詞短語(yǔ)3“onn.”表示狀態(tài)on exhibitio

12、n/show 在展出on fire 著火on sale 出售，打折on the way 在途中on the decrease/increase 在減少/在增加on holiday/vacation 在度假3“onn.”表示狀態(tài)4其他以on開頭的介詞短語(yǔ)on account of 因?yàn)閛n behalf of 代表on no account/condition 決不4其他以on開頭的介詞短語(yǔ)5“byn.”表示方式by accident 偶然by air/plane 乘飛機(jī)by chance 偶然by coincidence 碰巧by hand 用手工by mistake 錯(cuò)誤地by the da

13、y 按天算by nature 天生地5“byn.”表示方式6“inn.”表示方式in cash 用現(xiàn)金付款in depth 在深度上in detail 詳細(xì)地in height 在高度上in length 在長(zhǎng)度上in English 用英語(yǔ)6“inn.”表示方式7其他以in開頭的介詞短語(yǔ)in no time 立刻in no way 決不in place of 代替in possession of 擁有，占有in addition to 另外in charge of 掌管7其他以in開頭的介詞短語(yǔ)in return 作為回報(bào)in spite of 盡管in exchange for 作為交換i

14、n favor of 支持，贊成in case of 萬(wàn)一；如果；假使in honour of 向表示敬意in memory of 為了紀(jì)念in support of 為支持in return 作為回報(bào)8“ofn.”表示特征(等于相應(yīng)的形容詞)of benefit 有益處的of help 有幫助的of importance 重要的of significance 有意義的of use 有用的of value 有價(jià)值的8“ofn.”表示特征(等于相應(yīng)的形容詞)9“out ofn.”表示狀態(tài)out of balance 失去平衡out of breath 上氣不接下氣out of control 失

15、去控制out of date 過(guò)期out of order 發(fā)生故障out of sight 看不見out of the question 不可能out of work 失業(yè)9“out ofn.”表示狀態(tài)10“undern.”表示被動(dòng)under attack 遭到襲擊under pressure 在壓力下under treatment 在治療中under control 處于控制之中10“undern.”表示被動(dòng)11“withn.”表示方式with delight/joy 高興地with difficulty 困難地with ease 輕而易舉地with fear 害怕地with pleasu

16、re 樂(lè)意地11“withn.”表示方式12“beyondn.”表示“超出，難以”beyond comparison 無(wú)與倫比beyond reach 夠不到beyond description 難以描述beyond expression/words 難以表達(dá)12“beyondn.”表示“超出，難以”(三)介詞與其他詞構(gòu)成的搭配next to 緊挨著instead of 代替apart from 除之外according to 根據(jù)along with 隨著together with 連同(三)介詞與其他詞構(gòu)成的搭配but for 要不是regardless of 不管，不顧up to 直到；

17、由而定to and from 往返，來(lái)來(lái)回回but for 要不是分門別類話介詞(一)語(yǔ)法填空中介詞的做題技巧：1是否填介詞介詞必須接賓語(yǔ)，若空格后是名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或what從句且它們?cè)诰渲胁蛔髦髡Z(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，則考慮填介詞。分門別類話介詞2填什么介詞依據(jù)語(yǔ)境含義結(jié)合介詞用法；依據(jù)介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配；依據(jù)特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系，如接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)時(shí)考慮with或without。2填什么介詞語(yǔ)法填空典例With the Internet，parents cannot check a published guide to determine what is suitable their children to

18、 see.分析：空格處與suitable構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)be suitable for.“適合”，故答案為for。語(yǔ)法填空典例With the Internet，par(二)短文改錯(cuò)中介詞的做題技巧：1介詞誤用掌握常規(guī)介詞的固定用法；注意固定搭配中的介詞。2介詞缺失在某些及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的缺失，如look (at)，listen (to)，take care (of)等；作賓語(yǔ)的代詞、名詞前介詞的缺失，如next (to) me等。(二)短文改錯(cuò)中介詞的做題技巧：3介詞多余不該用介詞的短語(yǔ)中，如the next year錯(cuò)寫成in the next year；及物動(dòng)詞多加了介詞，如enter the

19、 room錯(cuò)寫成enter into the room，return my book錯(cuò)寫成return back/to my book等；副詞前用介詞，如there錯(cuò)寫成in there。3介詞多余單句改錯(cuò)典例1As I was waiting the response from the manager，I saw an old man in a wheelchair roll himself over to the counter. _分析：動(dòng)詞wait為不及物動(dòng)詞，此句中的the response作賓語(yǔ)，因此在wait后加介詞for，構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)wait for“等候”。單句改錯(cuò)典例1As I

20、 was waiting the單句改錯(cuò)典例2Every time I look at the pictures for which I took，I will remember the water，the bridges and the houses._分析：句中the pictures為先行詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中作took的賓語(yǔ)，take意為“拍攝，照相”，此時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，因此去掉介詞for。單句改錯(cuò)典例3Under our help，all the books were free from the rain. _ 分析：“在某人的幫助下”用with the help of sb.或with o

21、nes help，因此Under改成With。單句改錯(cuò)典例2Every time I look at.單句語(yǔ)法填空1A report published on Dec.6 says this style of health care，which includes different forms herbal medicine and exercise，has spread to 183 countries and regions.答案：like.單句語(yǔ)法填空2In order to change attitudes employing women，the government is bring

22、ing in new laws.答案：to3Sleep might be one answer the problem.答案：to2In order to change attitudes4The brand was born in Wuzhen in 1848 and has been popular the distinctive taste of its duck products.答案：for5Its great importance to ask for help and let people know how you feel if you are worried or anxio

23、us.答案：of4The brand was born in Wuzhen6This led the sudden and tremendous growth of its upandcoming industries.答案：to7Walt Disney developed an early interest in drawing.He took art classes as a boy and got a job as a commercial designer the age of 18.答案：at6This led the su8A total of 956 swimmers from

24、31 countries and regions (include) the United States，Russia and Britain will take part in the enjoyable event.答案：including8A total of 956 swimmers from9Parents should do their best to talk to their sons and daughters their schoolwork and future plans but should not push them to talk if they dont wan

25、t to.答案：about10The term “Mandarin” can also refer to Standard Mandarin，which is based the Mandarin dialect spoken in Beijing.答案：on9Parents should do their best.單句改錯(cuò)1Of all my teachers，Mr.Moore is the one who makes an impression of me._2Some jokingly put it that friends are made to be taken advantage

26、._第二個(gè)ofon advantage后加of .單句改錯(cuò)第二個(gè)ofon advantage后加of 3Weak as he seemed，he went straight into the sea with any hesitation._4Some students may get access for some unhealthy websites，which does harm to their development. _5We had to go to home that day. _withwithout forto 去掉第二個(gè)to 3Weak as he seemed，he w

27、ent st.語(yǔ)法填空The Yangko Dance is a traditional Chinese folk dance 1. (create) by the farmers when they worked in the rice field 2. (hundred) of years ago. Many Chinese people like the dance and take it 3. an important method of relaxing, no matter when there is a spring festival or when there are some

28、 special 4. (celebrate).語(yǔ)法填空Before the Yangko Dance starts, the music 5. (perform) to build the dancer an atmosphere and a rhythm to follow. As the dance content comes from special folk legends, men and women performing the dance are dressed in 6. (color) costumes and necessary props are used.Before

29、 the Yangko Dance starts During the dance, the dancers are wagging their body and walking at7._exaggerated (夸張的) pace to present old stories to the audience in a new style. The dance also shows 8. _(they) happy mood and life. While the dancers are dancing on the ground, there is usually a big crowd

30、around them，9. _(appreciate) and sharing the feelings of the dancers there. During the dance, the During the busy farming season the dancers work in the fields，10._when the lunar New Year comes around they put on their costumes to perform the Yangko Dance, greeting the new year and carrying on an ag

31、eold tradition. During the busy farming 語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了中國(guó)的民間傳統(tǒng)舞蹈秧歌。語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了中國(guó)的民間傳統(tǒng)舞蹈1解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。create和dance有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。答案：created2解析：考查數(shù)詞。表示不確定的數(shù)目，hundred后要加s。hundreds of “幾百，數(shù)百”。答案：hundreds1解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。create和dance有邏輯上的3解析：考查固定搭配。take.as為固定搭配，意為“把看作”。答案：as4解析：考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。celebrat

32、ion是可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)前面的some可知，該詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。答案：celebrations3解析：考查固定搭配。take.as為固定搭配，意為“5解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。perform和music之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以填is performed。答案：is performed6解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾名詞要用形容詞。答案：colorful5解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。perform和music之間是動(dòng)7解析：考查冠詞。pace是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示泛指，exaggerated是以元音音素開頭的單詞，所以填an。答案：an8解析：考查代詞。修飾mood要用形容詞性物主代詞。答案：their7解析：考查冠詞。pace是單數(shù)