完型填空課件-2

1、四級完型填空題的解題方法與技巧 全力以赴，以態(tài)度改變?nèi)松?永不言敗，以執(zhí)著成就未來。 第一部分 概述新老四級題型的對比 及需要注意的問題 知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不殆。老四級題型包括以下5部分：一是聽力理解20題20分，時間20分鐘；二是閱讀理解20題40分，時間35分鐘；三是詞匯用法與語法結(jié)構(gòu)30題15分，時間20分鐘；四是完形填空或簡答或英譯漢，20題或5題，共10分，時間15分鐘；最后是寫作1題15分，時間30分鐘。合計91題，100分，時間120分鐘。 新四級由四大部分構(gòu)成：聽力理解時間35分鐘，包括兩個部分：聽力對話占15%，含8個短對話共8道多項選擇題和2個長對話共7道多項選擇題；聽力短文

2、占20%：含3篇短文理解共10道多項選擇題和一篇短文復(fù)合式聽寫共8詞3句。聽力理解占總分的35%，合計249分。新四級由四大部分構(gòu)成閱讀理解時間40分鐘，分為兩個部分：仔細(xì)閱讀理解時間25分鐘，占25%，含兩個小部分(篇章閱讀理解包括2篇文章10道多項選擇題；篇章詞匯理解或短句問答是一篇文章，考法是15選10的選詞填空或簡答)；快速閱讀理解時間15分鐘，占10%，包括是非判斷7題及句子填空或其它3題。閱讀理解占總分的35%，合計149分。完形填空或改錯時間15分鐘，1篇文章，20道多項選擇題或改錯，占總分的10%，合計70分。寫作和翻譯時間35分鐘，分為兩個部分：寫作時間30分鐘，占15%，共

3、106分；中譯英時間5分鐘，占5%，共36分。合計20%，142分。 考試順序：答題時間共125分鐘，順序是：寫作、快速閱讀、聽力、仔細(xì)閱讀、完型填空和漢譯英。考生首先在答題卡1上完成寫作部分。30分鐘后，監(jiān)考員發(fā)試題冊，考生在接著的15分鐘內(nèi)完成快速閱讀理解部分的試題。然后，監(jiān)考員收回答題卡1?？忌诖痤}卡2上完成其余部分的試題。需要注意的問題：通過對比，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)：新四級60%的題型沿用了老四級題型，加入了40%的新題型。題型增加，題量加大，速度要求加快；但同時每種題型的難度降低。同時，從2005年6月起，四級考試成績開始采用滿分為710分的計分體制，不設(shè)及格線；成績報道方式由考試合格證書改

4、為成績報告單，即考后向每位考生發(fā)放成績報告單，報道內(nèi)容包括：總分及聽力、閱讀、完型或改錯、寫作四項單項分。需要注意的問題新四級考試取消了詞語用法和語法結(jié)構(gòu)、英譯漢兩種過時題型，而完型填空和寫作沒有任何變化。聽力的比例提高到35%，短對話、短文理解和短文聽寫沿用了老四級的題型，只有長對話是新題型，只是題材選用對話、講座、廣播電視節(jié)目等更具真實(shí)性的材料。閱讀部分下降為35%，其中篇章閱讀理解沿用了老四級題型，篇章詞匯理解和快速閱讀是新題型。同時增加了中譯英和六級的改錯題型。 英語四級新題型分析閱讀篇新增選詞填空和快速閱讀 新四級閱讀理解的分值比重由過去的40%下降到35%.在測試內(nèi)容方面，仔細(xì)閱讀

5、的文章減少至兩篇，新增加了選詞填空和快速閱讀。選詞填空考查方式為：從一篇220字左右的文章中，留出10個單詞的空格，從給出的15個備選單詞中選出10個填入空格處，使文章意思通順，表達(dá)正確。這部分主要考查考生對詞匯的認(rèn)知和語法的理解。另外，快速閱讀要求在15分鐘內(nèi)完成一篇1200字左右的文章和后面的10道題，前7個是判斷正誤題，后3個是填空題。由此不難看出，“快速+準(zhǔn)確”是今后四級閱讀部分考查的重點(diǎn)。 英語四級新題型分析聽力部分在改革后的新四級中將呈現(xiàn)以下幾個特點(diǎn)：(1)加大分值比重。從分值上看，由原來的20%增加到了35%，和閱讀理解平分秋色，可以看出改革之后聽力在四級考試中的重要性。(2)增

6、加聽力難度。從題型上看，增加了長對話。長對話要求考生注意力更加集中。(3)淡化答題技巧。新四級試題中看選項就能直接得出正確答案的題目越來越少?？梢灶A(yù)見，原來那些所謂的解題技巧在今后的新四級中將逐步淡出舞臺。 英語四級新題型分析綜合篇不能忽視改錯和簡要回答 綜合部分主要包括完型填空或改錯、漢譯英或簡要回答問題。此次最新樣題中在綜合部分出現(xiàn)了完型填空和漢譯英，但在大學(xué)英語四級考試(CET-4)試點(diǎn)考試樣卷中有這樣一句話值得各位考生注意：四、六級考試改革項目組和考試委員會在試測的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計了本樣卷，即改革后四級考試的范型卷。實(shí)際考試中，可根據(jù)附表中所描述的框架結(jié)構(gòu)，采用與樣卷不完全相同的題型。所以考

7、生在備考過程中改錯和簡要回答也是需要精心準(zhǔn)備的。 英語四級新題型分析語法詞匯篇融入其他題型 自2004年6月以來，語法題就徹底退出了四級舞臺，但這并不意味著四級考生可以忽視語法的重要性。在大學(xué)英語四級考試(CET-4)試點(diǎn)考試樣卷中，第六部分出現(xiàn)了五道漢譯英試題，共35分(710分制)，當(dāng)中至少有兩道題涉及到了語法知識點(diǎn)；最新樣題的第四部分選詞填空，既考查考生對詞匯意思的掌握，又考查了一些基本的語法知識點(diǎn)。此外詞匯部分在改革后的四級中也將不復(fù)存在，而將考查融入到了其他部分。在未來新四級中，要求的核心詞匯量應(yīng)在2500詞左右。 第二部分 Cloze for CET-4 完形填空專項 自信才能成功

8、，而自信是建立在對 事物深刻認(rèn)識的基礎(chǔ)之上的。一、完型填空題的設(shè)計填空(Cloze)又稱綜合填空，其命題原理是格式塔心理學(xué)。格式塔心理學(xué)強(qiáng)調(diào)整體感知，完形填空測試的就是考生結(jié)合上下文的語境(context)對英語的整體感知能力。一篇完形填空測試考生的什么能力，這與短文的空格設(shè)計密切相關(guān)。如果空格要求學(xué)生填入連詞、介詞、冠詞等，則空格為功能性空格；如果要求填入名詞、形容詞、動詞等實(shí)義詞，則空格為語義空格。目前，完形填空試題的題目難度不斷加大，重點(diǎn)從傳統(tǒng)項目題逐漸轉(zhuǎn)到對整體預(yù)感的測試和整個語篇的理解，所以根據(jù)上下文選擇詞匯的題目比例正在增大。一、完型填空題的設(shè)計設(shè)計者遵循一定的要求和準(zhǔn)則，以保證測

9、試的信度和效度。所給的空有規(guī)則的排列，大約在近250字的文章中每隔816字就有一個空格，而且是按照一定的間隔并根據(jù)語法或詞匯測試的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計的。這些空格表面看起來沒有什么意義，實(shí)際上綜合了詞匯、語法結(jié)構(gòu)以及閱讀理解所要測試的內(nèi)容，它不僅測試應(yīng)試者在詞匯和句子水平上運(yùn)用語言的能力，還測試應(yīng)試者在語篇上綜合運(yùn)用語言結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。完形填空中所填的詞是與文章的上下文緊密聯(lián)系的。所以難度較大，往往成為學(xué)生失分較嚴(yán)重的題項。一、完型填空題的設(shè)計從內(nèi)容看，完型填空涉及說明文，議論文等眾多文體體裁，而題裁更涉及到社會領(lǐng)域的方方面面，政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、教育、醫(yī)學(xué)、天文、體育、科技等等。所以考生具備大量的背景知識也是

10、格外重要的。二、完型填空題的做題步驟完形填空的測試點(diǎn)及解題方法從表面來看，就是要求考生把每個句子中刪掉的詞恢復(fù)出來。因此，要做好完形填空，必須要在通讀全文、把握結(jié)構(gòu)與大意的前提下，根據(jù)所提供的選項及句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、語法、語篇等信息，通過邏輯推理、對比等手段最后確定答案。根據(jù)完形填空這一測試特點(diǎn)，一般采取以下五個步驟逐一進(jìn)行。步驟一，通讀全篇，把握總的思想，了解知識背景。完形填空題在出題時有這樣一條準(zhǔn)則：去掉20個空不影響對整篇的理解，而且一般而言，短文的前兩句話不應(yīng)設(shè)題。我們應(yīng)該細(xì)讀文章首句，因為這是我們了解文章的“窗口”。這樣，我們就可以判斷體裁、把握背景、推測大意、主題或結(jié)構(gòu)。這一點(diǎn)很重要。在

11、閱讀文章的過程中，學(xué)生積極搜集頭腦中已有的相關(guān)知識，結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容形成對文章的整體把握，我們稱之為圖式。圖式能夠幫助我們對文章內(nèi)容產(chǎn)生期待，能夠簡化推斷，并在隨后的閱讀中，不斷修正，以求與原文一致。比如，Three girls went walking in the woods. They were enjoying themselves so much that they forgot the time and stayed too long. A dragon kidnapped1. 誘拐(小孩等) 2. 綁架;劫持 them. As they were be dragging off. T

12、hey cried for help. Three heroes heard the cries and set off their horses to rescue the girls. One possible result: The heroes came and fought with the dragon and rescued the girls. Then the heroes returned the daughters to their places. Maybe, you can guess that the three girls married the three me

13、n respectively. 如果我們對文章非常熟悉，那么文章內(nèi)容與你頭腦中的圖式相結(jié)合，你解題將會勢如破竹，一發(fā)不可收拾。又如： Writing in a diary, watching television, talking with friends, speaking on the telephone, and reading a menu-what do they have in common? . Thus, _ may be defined as the means by which people exchange feelings and ideas with each oth

14、er. A. information B. learning C. communication D. acquisition 步驟二，選擇答案。有兩種選擇答案的方法：一，可以不看選項，自己猜測正確答案，然后再在選項當(dāng)中選擇最接近自己猜測的一項。二，可以將選項帶入空格內(nèi)檢測。按照先易后難的原則，即首先選出那些只根據(jù)上下文就能確定的直接的明顯的答案。這就增強(qiáng)了信心，減輕了心理壓力。然后瞻前顧后，不要忘記首尾照應(yīng)。另外，要牢記文章的中心思想，每個空白處的含義應(yīng)與前后句的意義聯(lián)系起來理解。步驟三，為不確定答案尋找線索。 文章前面的空格提出的問題很有可能要到文章的末尾才才能找到答案。所以，對于那些難度頗

15、高的空格只有在字里行間尋找線索。一定要上下連貫，合乎邏輯。步驟四，回頭補(bǔ)缺 我們不提倡在一個題上耽誤太多的時間。如果有一個不會我們可以暫時放過，繼續(xù)思路做下面的題，等通篇做完后再回過頭來考慮這個選項。切忌，一定要保證思維的連續(xù)性和統(tǒng)一性。步驟五，核實(shí)答案。 我們可以從以下幾方面對所選答案進(jìn)行核查： 1)所選擇的單詞或短語是否符合本句內(nèi)容，使上下文連貫和諧，與全文意義相協(xié)調(diào)； 2)所選擇的單詞或短語是否符合某種固定搭配；3)所選擇的單詞或短語是否符合某種句型、時態(tài)、語態(tài)的特殊要求，如虛擬語氣從句中的謂語動詞用原形(過去式、過去完成式)；4)所選詞本身或附近的詞有無特殊要求，如有些動詞后面只接動名

16、詞而不能接不定式。 5)保持自信，不要輕易否定以前選過的選項。必要時對個別答案仍需推敲，發(fā)現(xiàn)不妥，要重新考慮，但應(yīng)慎重，無確實(shí)把握，仍應(yīng)相信第一印象。三、完型填空題的考察內(nèi)容詞匯第一、 詞義辨析 （詞）（單詞的掌握，基本義） 例1 That “something special” was men creative individuals who could invent machines, find new 75 of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society. A) origins (由來,出身) B) so

17、urces C) bases D) discoveries第二、 形近詞辨異例1 Speaking quickly but almost in a whisper, she 75 everyone that the pilot had fainted and asked if any of the passengers knew anything about machines or at least how to drive a car. A) inquired B) insured C) informed D) instructed例2 Following 88 , the man guid

18、ed the plane toward the airfield. A) impression B) information C) inspections D) instructions例3 Never ask a child whether he likes or dislikes a food and never discuss likes and dislikes in front of him or allow 66 else to do so. A everybody B anybody C somebody D nobody例4 A. encourages(鼓勵) B. enabl

19、es（使能夠） C. enforces（強(qiáng)制） D. ensures（確保）例5 A. attraction(吸引力) B. attention（注意力） C. affection（愛情，親密） D. motion（動作）例6 (兼考搭配關(guān)系) A. interfered（in干涉） B. interrupted （打斷，中斷） C. discouraged （from不鼓勵做） D. disturbed（打擾，干擾）例7 A. desired(渴望，想得到) B. revised（修訂，修正） C. required（需要，要求） D. deserved （值得，應(yīng)得）第三、 詞語搭配例1

20、The man had to circle the airport several times in order to become 85 with the controls of the plane.A) intimate B) familiar C) understood D) close例2 Did you ever have someones name on the tip of your tongue and yet you were unable to recall it? When this happens again, do not try to recall it. Do s

21、omething 73 for a couple of minutes and the name may come into your head.simple B) apart C) else D) similar例3 A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply, all these were important factors in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution. But th

22、ey were not enough. Something 73 was needed to start the industrial process.A) else B) near C) extra 額外的，不包括其中的 D) similar例4 Take it _69_ granted that he likes everything and he probably will A. with B. as C. over D. for例5 But these various means of communication differ in important ways _68_ human

23、language. A. about B. with C. from D. in例6 the great tit(山雀) is a case _77_point. A. in B. at C. of D. for語法：（句）第一、 指代關(guān)系例1 The foreign research scholar usually isolates 76 in the laboratory as a means of protection; However, what he needs is to be fitted into a highly organized university system qui

24、te different from 79 at home.76. A) himself B) oneself C) him D) one79. A) those B) which C) what D) that例 2 No two speakers speak in exactly the same way. We can always hear differences 74 them,74. A) between B) among C) of D) from例 3 We can change an utterance by replacing one word in it with _73_

25、. A. ours B. theirs C. another D. others例4 They also suggest that our readers do not call for friends only among those who are most like them, but find many_78_ differ in race. 78. A. people B. who C. what D. friends第二、 虛擬語氣例1 Professors do not have the time to explain how a university library works

26、; They expect students, particularly graduate students, to be able to exhaust the reference sources in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but 84 that their students should not be too dependent on them.84. A) hate B) dislike C) like D) prefer preferthat從句，從句一般用虛擬語氣。例：She prefer t

27、hat you should do it.她寧愿你做這件事。例 2 A geographer might be described as one who observes, records, and explains the differences between places. If places 87 alike, there would be little need for geographers. 87. A) being B) are C) be D) were例 3but _63_ you were to move the skin you would not tell anyth

28、ing about the race to which the individual belonged. A. since B. if C. as D. while第三、 倒裝知識要點(diǎn): 倒裝分完全倒裝與部分倒裝兩種類型，重點(diǎn)是部分倒裝，即只有系動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞參與的倒裝。常見的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為四大類：1、 否定倒裝。指否定副詞或否定的副詞性結(jié)構(gòu)（hardly, seldom, scarcely, never, little, nowhere, not once ，under no circumstances, in no way， no sooner than）用于句首時所導(dǎo)致的倒裝。

29、如：Vitamins do not provide energy, _42_ do they construct or build any part of the body. A. either B. so C. nor D. never 2、 虛擬倒裝。指在IF引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中，將IF省略，把should, had, were提至主語前，形成倒裝。 e.g. Were I you, Ill never promise to do that.3、省略倒裝。涉及詞語包括so, neither, nor 例如 _70_ does size have anything to do with int

30、elligence.A. Only B. Or C. Nor D. So4、強(qiáng)調(diào)倒裝。為突出強(qiáng)調(diào)某一成分而將它提至句首時，實(shí)行倒裝：句子結(jié)構(gòu)要求倒裝：如： a. so 倒裝句 b. 以某些表示肯定的副詞開頭作狀語：only, often， then, so c. 以某些表示否定的副詞開頭作狀語；little, hardly, seldom, scarcely, never, nowhere, not once d. 某些表示否定的副詞短語開頭作狀語: under no circumstances, in no way, no sooner than, hardly/scarcely/barel

31、ywhen/before e. As作“雖然但是”解時用半倒裝。第四、從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 例 1 The word geography comes from two Greek words, ge, the Greek word for “earth” and graphing, 75 means “to write”. A) what B) that C) which D) it例 2 but a bird has a single alarm cry, _75_ means “danger!” A. this B. that C. which D. it例 3 These secondary

32、routes may go up steep slopes, along high cliffs, or down frightening hillsides to towns lying in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places 88 the air is clean and the scenery (風(fēng)景) is beautiful, A) there B) when C) which D) where 第三、 語篇考查 （篇）例 1 T

33、he United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. Although these wide modern roads are generally smooth and well maintained, with 73 sharp curves and many straight sections, a direct route is not al

34、ways the most _75_ one. Large high ways often pass 76 scenic areas and interesting small towns.73. A) little B) few C) much D) many75. A) terrible B) possible C) enjoyable D) profitable76. A) to B) into C) over D) by例 2 When research is assigned, the professor expects the student to take it actively

35、 and to complete it with 79 guidance. It is the students responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain how a university library works; 79. A) maximum B) minimum C) possible D) practical四、完型填空題的相應(yīng)對策針對出題者的考察內(nèi)容，我們有以下相應(yīng)的對策： 第一種：詞義與詞形辨析 四

36、級完形考察詞匯不外乎同義詞、反義詞、形近詞，和詞的精確用法。我們應(yīng)該了解高頻詞的近義詞、反義詞，形近詞和詞匯的基本義。例如， 1) Geographers compare and contrast _ places in the world. A. similar B. various C. distant D. famous 2) The findings _ that issues of trust and betrayal are central to friendship. A. secure (保護(hù)) B. assure（保證） C. confirm（證實(shí) ) D. resolve（

37、決心，解決）3) The big shops, beautifully decorated and brightly lit, stay open long after dark. Shop owners like Christmas because it is a time when people _ presents. A. change B. exchange C. transfer （轉(zhuǎn)移）D. transform （轉(zhuǎn)變）第二種：運(yùn)用上下文邏輯關(guān)系填詞。對上下文邏輯關(guān)系的考察是完形填空題區(qū)別于單純句子理解的要點(diǎn)之一，也是處理語篇的重要特點(diǎn)。這就牽扯到有關(guān)語篇知識，這也是四級考察學(xué)生綜

38、合運(yùn)用語言能力的題型之一。語篇結(jié)構(gòu)，顧名思義，是指在一定的情景下，作者的謀篇布局、銜接連貫、提供信息等等。為了把文章很好的組織起來，作者除了在句子內(nèi)部用指代（前指，后指）、省略、連接外，還會運(yùn)用到一些句與句之間的連詞來表達(dá)并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、對比、列舉、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、補(bǔ)充等關(guān)系。下面我們給大家一些?？嫉倪B接詞： 表示并列關(guān)系的：and, on the one hand, on the other, (也可表對比)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的：however, nevertheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, etc.

39、表示對比關(guān)系的：on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely, etc.表示補(bǔ)充關(guān)系的：also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, whats more, notbut, not only but also, etc.表示讓步關(guān)系的：although, though, no matter , even if, 表示原因關(guān)系的：because, since, as, for,

40、now that, considering that, seeing that, in that, in as much as, on account of the fact that, for fear that, on the ground that, etc.表示結(jié)果關(guān)系的：so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result, etc.表示列舉關(guān)系的：first, second, third,firstly, secondly, next, in the first place, for one thing

41、, to begin with, to conclude, etc.1) There are four types of blood. _ types are found in every race, and no types is distinct to any race. A. All B. Most C. No D. Some (上下文)2) The foreign research scholar usually isolates himself in the laboratory as a means of protection; _ what he really needs is

42、to be fitted into a highly organized university system. A. otherwise B. moreover C. however D. also （邏輯關(guān)系）3) Earths animals are disappearing faster than they reproduce. Because there is too little research and too much ignorance, _ is aware of how much we are losing. A. anyone B. no one C. someone D

43、. either one 4) This act (法案) was formed to protect endangered species. _, land developers and factory owners disagree. A. However B. Furthermore C. Therefore D. Though第三種：固定搭配1) We judge race usually _ the coloring of the race: a white race, a brown race, a yellow race and a black race. A. in B. fr

44、om C. at D. on 2) Unlike other social roles that we are expected to _1_- as citizens, employees, members of professional societies and _2_ organizations, it has its own principle. A. keep B. do C. show D. play A. all B. any C. other D. those第四種：結(jié)構(gòu)識別but, not only but also, some others, 等詞組結(jié)構(gòu)和一些重要的句型結(jié)

45、構(gòu)。There is no doubt that , so/suchthat, the sameas, it is that強(qiáng)調(diào)句型等等。Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. The harder you work, the more progress you make. 1）They also suggested that our readers do not look for friends only among those who are most like th

46、em, _ find many who differ in race. A. only B. and C. but D. then2）Lets look at this definition in more detail because it is language, more than anything else, _62_ distinguishes man from the rest of the animal world. A. that B. it C. as D. what 第五種：一些重點(diǎn)單詞的特殊用法Professors should _ repeating in lectur

47、es material that is in the textbook. A. refuse B. prohibit C. prevent D. avoidDespite the growing rate of divorce, but couples are now taking a different approach _ those wedding vows(誓言). A. making B. make C. to making D. to make a new approach to language teaching第六種：語法大項。對語法的考察主要集中在定語從句、狀語從句、非謂語動

48、詞、主謂一致、邏輯主語、賓語，句型句式等內(nèi)容上。學(xué)生應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對此類語法的復(fù)習(xí)。 1）The king placed wealth and power at Wagners disposal and made possible the building of a place- house, _ Wagners works could be performed (表演). A. and B. because C. there D. where2）Formal learning is de-contextualized(非語境化的) from daily life and indeed, _ Scib

49、ner and Cole have observed, may actually “promote ways of learning and thinking ”. A. like B. as （連詞，用于分句之前） C. what D. which She enjoys all kinds of music, as I do. 她各種音樂都喜歡，和我一樣。五、完型填空的解題技巧 技巧一：詞匯手段（利用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)）1、 原詞復(fù)現(xiàn) 例 1： but it is the subconscious (下意識的) 78 that go to work to dig up a dim memory. Me

50、anwhile, deeper mental activities in the subconscious mind are taking place. A) deeds B) activities C) movements D) procedures2、同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn) 例 1 ：Even if a grade is not given, the student is 77 for learning the material assigned. It is the students responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in t

51、he library. A) criticized B) innocent C) responsible D) dismissed例2： India or West Africa, where there is a long 81 of speaking English for general communication purposes, you should On the other hand, if you live in a country where there is no traditional use of English， A) custom B) use C) traditi

52、on D) habit例3：These firms compete for sales. They try to learn just what the demand will be so that they can supply exactly what the consumers want. _ keeps the quality of goods from falling very low. A. Need B. Competition C. Demand D. Consumer 3、上下義或同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)例1：Both the visiting professor and his stud

53、ents lack background in each others cultures. Some 82 of what is already in the minds of American students is required by the foreign professor. A. concept B. feeling C. plan D. intelligence 例2：As a result, the trip had to be canceled, and they returned home _ and unhappy. A. disappointed B. disappo

54、intedly C. tired D. tiredly 4、解釋型復(fù)現(xiàn)例1：Our new house is very _ for me as I can get to the office in five minutes. A adaptable B comfortable C convenient D available技巧二：同現(xiàn)詞匯的同現(xiàn)關(guān)系指詞匯共同出現(xiàn)的傾向性。在語篇中，圍繞一定的話題，一定的詞往往會同時出現(xiàn)，這些詞語屬于同一個詞匯套，形成了詞匯鏈，因此，每當(dāng)我們遇到了其中的一個詞語時，根據(jù)情境便會聯(lián)想到詞匯套中的其他詞語。比如，提到教室一詞，下面出現(xiàn)的詞可能就是：blackboa

55、rd, desk, students, chair, floor, lights, etc. 例1：My grandmother worked hard all day, making butter, washing clothes, cleaning the house, and even _ in the field when help was scarce. A. worked B. working C. did D. doing 例2：For example, there was the time I called in（叫來，召來） a _ to fix my air-conditi

56、oner before it was too warm. A. worker B. fixer C. repairman D. painter 例3：I usually have the problem of parents coming in and telling me how they really _ their kids. They tell me they stand over them（監(jiān)督） when they do their homework. They check their work and make a big fuss（過分關(guān)注） over their grades

57、. They criticize the kids over everything having to do with school A. like B. treat C. hate D. make 技巧三：同性元素相斥 例: It was a lightweight, 18-pound craft（太空船）, carrying not animals but sensitive instruments to study the intense bands of（一幫） energy in space _ the Van Allen radiation belts. A. called as B. that is C. named as D. known as Within the next fifteen years man had gone to the moon, searching beneath its _ and dusty soil for signs of life. A. wet B. damp C. moist D. dry damp : 指吸進(jìn)或覆蓋著一點(diǎn)水份，常表示潮濕得使人不舒服。 moist : 指微濕，側(cè)重不干，但并非濕得使人不快。