英語名詞考點歸納市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎?wù)n件

1、Nouns第1頁考點1 名詞復(fù)數(shù)改變1)規(guī)則改變 普通情況加smath(s), physics, politics, news, James, the Whitesx, s, sh, ch后加es“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾去y變i加es, “元音字母+y”結(jié)尾直接加s以o結(jié)尾“黑人英雄愛吃番茄土豆”加es, 其它直接加s negro hero tamato potato第2頁以下以f, fe結(jié)尾詞去f, fe變ves 樹 葉 半 數(shù) 自 己 黃， leaf half self 妻 子 刀 切 面 包 忙， wife knife loaf 架 后 竄 出 一 只 狼， shelf wolf 就 像 小

2、 偷 逃 命 狂。 thief lifescarf scarfs / scarves 第3頁2)不規(guī)則改變 a- e man woman policeman policewoman Englishman Englishwoman Frenchman FrenchwomanGerman Germansoo- ee foot tooth goose單復(fù)同形 sheep fish deer Chinese Japanese 其它形式 child children mouse mice第4頁考點2 特殊形式名詞復(fù)數(shù)只有復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞 clothes pants shorts jeans glassess

3、hoe, sock能夠指單只鞋襪集合名詞: family class team(表示整體概念時作單數(shù),表示整體中個體 概念時作復(fù)數(shù))例一 My class _(be) like a big family. All my class _(be) having English class. isare第5頁統(tǒng)稱詞 (指代全部,作復(fù)數(shù)主語,其前加the) the police the English the French一個名詞含有多個復(fù)數(shù)含義 單復(fù)同形 (強調(diào)魚條數(shù)) fish fishes (強調(diào)魚種類) people (普通指“人們”) people the people (“人民”或特指)

4、單復(fù)同形 (“個人, 2人”) peoples (“民族”)第6頁考點3 可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞1)un.作主語謂語動詞用單數(shù) There is lots of news in todays newspaper.2)既是可數(shù)又不可數(shù)名詞 glass cn.玻璃杯 (pl. es) un.玻璃 paper cn.報紙,論文 un.紙 room cn.房間 un.空間 fish cn.魚 un.魚肉 chicken cn.小雞 un.雞肉 onion cn.洋蔥(整棵) un.洋蔥(切碎)第7頁3)名詞修飾語 cn. cn.&un. un. 基數(shù)詞, a/an the, some little ev

5、ery, both enough(足夠) a little few, a few most, more much many, lots of = a lot of too much too many all 第8頁考點4 名詞量化1)名詞量化基本結(jié)構(gòu): 基數(shù)詞 + 量詞 + of + 名詞 (基數(shù)詞大于1,量詞變復(fù)數(shù),名詞為可數(shù)依情況 變復(fù)數(shù), 名詞為不可數(shù)則沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式)例二 Please give me a glass of water. (變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)句) Please give us some glasses of water.第9頁2)單位量詞成對單位量詞 pair萬能單位量詞 piec

6、e (量化un.含義多樣) a piece of meat 一塊肉 a piece of paper 一張紙 a piece of music 一首樂曲 a piece of news 一條消息 a piece of bread 一片面包 a piece of advice 一條提議其它單位量詞 meter, kilo, box, set, bag, basket, bottle, cup, glass, group, bowl, plate第10頁3)量化名詞作主語動詞選擇依據(jù)量詞單復(fù)數(shù)例三 Here _(be) my shoes. Here _(be) a pair of my shoes

7、.A group of children _(be) playing soccer on the playground.4)對數(shù)量進行提問例四 I have one apple. How many apples do you have?areisis第11頁例五 She bought three kilos of mutton. _ _ _ _ she _? She bought three kilos of pears. _ _ _ _ she _?例六 He had two bowls of rice. _ _ _ did he have? He had two bowls of rice

8、. _ _ _ _ _ did he have?How much mutton did buy How many pears did buy How much rice How many bowls of rice 第12頁 考點5 名詞作定語1)普通情況下名詞單數(shù)作定語 a shoe store some apple trees2)sports作定語用復(fù)數(shù)形式 a sports club some sports clothes3)man, woman作定語隨其后名詞單復(fù)數(shù) 進行改變 a man doctor some men doctors注意girl和boy作定語使用方法 Therere

9、30 _(girl) _(students).girl students第13頁 考點6 名詞全部格1)s全部格使用方法普通在有生命名詞后面加s,若名詞以s 結(jié)尾則只加 Lilys book my parents photoAs and Bs + pl. 各自擁有 A and Bs + sig. 共同擁有例七Here is _(Tom and Tim) room._(Tom and Tim) fathers are here.Tom and TimsToms and Tims第14頁s后若為shop, store, home, house, office, restarant等表示地點名詞,

10、則這些名詞 經(jīng)常進行省略。 My father is at the doctors (office). Tom is at the barbers (shop).例八 Jane and I had lunch at _. A.Turner B.Turners C.Turners D.Turners時間,距離和地點前慣用s todays newspaper Beijings streets第15頁組成節(jié)日名詞 Childrens Day Teachers Day Womens Day Fathers Day Mothers Daysomeone elses 其它人,他人2)of全部格組成: th

11、e + n. + of + n./代詞賓格普通用于無生命事物 the gate of our school the name of the dog第16頁3)雙重全部格組成: the + n. + of + s全部格/名物代名詞性物主代詞 mine yours his hers its ours theirsof短語修飾名詞前通常有表示數(shù)量限 定詞,如a, an, 基數(shù)詞 some, a few, many等。of全部格與雙重全部格區(qū)分 a friend of my uncle (該人與我叔叔是朋友關(guān)系) a friend of my uncles (該人是我叔叔朋友中一個, 完全等同于 one of my uncles friends) 第17頁 a photo of me (該張照片中人是“我”) a photo of mine (該張照片擁有者是“我”) 例九 1.My mother me