牛津譯林版初中英語八年級下冊 Unit7 知識點(diǎn)梳理

1、Unit7 international charities 知識梳理一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：was/ were done例如：八下Unit7詞義和詞性1especiallyadv.特別，尤其I spef Hi2basicadj.基礎(chǔ)的，基本的Ibci si k3educationn.教育1. cdju kei f n4equaladj.平等的i： kw(a)l5rightn.權(quán)利rai t6spreadn.擴(kuò)散；分布；展開spred7interviewern.來訪者I ntovju： a8blindnessn.失明9mostlyadv.主要地，大局部地msu stli10casen.病例；案列k

2、ei s11curevt.治愈kju a12medicaladj.醫(yī)學(xué)的，醫(yī)療的I medi k(a)l13treatmentn.治療tri： tmant14patientn.病人Ipei f ant15affordvt.買得起；能做sfo : d16go to hospital去看病17on board在飛機(jī)（船、火車）上18operatevi.做手術(shù)D porel t19proudadj.驕傲的，自豪的prau d20readern.讀者Ti： da21medicinen.醫(yī)學(xué)；藥medi si nl22developvi.開展；加強(qiáng)di velsp23treatVt.治療；處理tri：

3、tj24carry on繼續(xù)開展，繼續(xù)下去ka?ri D n25leafletn.傳單；散頁印刷品Ui： fll t26hand out分發(fā)；提出27holdvt.容納V.拿住，握住，保存Ihsu Id28setvi.&vt.設(shè)置;放置，安置set29set up建起，設(shè)立30includingprep.包括，包含31warn.戰(zhàn)爭wo ：32organize組織0 ： gonai z33paleadj.蒼白的pel 134mattern.事情，問題，物質(zhì)，素材maeta35checkn.檢查W ekThe computer was invented last century.電腦是上個(gè)世紀(jì)被

4、創(chuàng)造的。一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):shall/will be done例如:A new school will be built in our village next year. 明年一所新的學(xué)校將在我們村莊建設(shè)。(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：am/is/are being done例如：A sports meeting is being held in our school now.運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)正在我們學(xué)校舉行。(5)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：have/has been done例如：All of the work has been finished since I came here.自從我來這里以來，

5、所有的工作都已經(jīng)完成。(6)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：can/may/must/should be done 例如： Your homework must be handed in after school. 你們的家庭作業(yè)必須在放學(xué)后交上。The plane is also used as a training centre, used常與for或as連用，構(gòu)成短語use.for,意為“用來做；為了而使用“，use.as意為“作為使用；用作之意例如：Bamboo can be used for carrying water.竹子可以用來運(yùn)水。The computer can be used a

6、s a tool.計(jì)算機(jī)可以被當(dāng)作工具用?！就卣埂縰sed to后跟動(dòng)詞不定式，used to do slh.意為“過去常常做某事”，暗示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再做某事。 be/get/become used to doing sth 意為“習(xí)慣于做某事”。例如：He used to be a quiet boy.他過去是個(gè)安靜的男孩。He came from the north, so he wasnt used to living in the south.他來自北方，所以不習(xí)慣于住在南方。Many of our patients cant afford to go to hospital.affor

7、d在此意為“買的起，支付的起“；常與can, could, be, be able to連用,表示“為某目的有足夠的錢、 時(shí)間、地方等負(fù)擔(dān)，承當(dāng)”。常接名詞、代詞或者動(dòng)詞不定式，多用于否認(rèn)句中。 例如：This kind of computer is too expensive and I cant aftbrd it.這種電腦太貴了，我買不起。At last I can afford a watch.我終于買得起一只手表了。I could not afford so much money for a bicycle.我出不起那么多錢買一輛自行車。Im proud to help people

8、 see again and improve their ud是形容詞，be proud to do sth.意為“為做某事而驕傲”。例如：Wc are proud to be a league member.我們?yōu)槌蔀閳F(tuán)員而驕傲be proud of sth.意為“以而驕傲”。例如：I am very proud of being a Chinese.作為一名中國人我很自豪【拓展】pride是名詞，意為“驕傲，自豪”。常用的結(jié)構(gòu)：take pride in sth.意為“為某事驕傲”。They take great pride in her daughter who is now a fam

9、ous scientist.他們?yōu)槌蔀榭茖W(xué)家的女兒而感到自豪。He is【he pride of ourcily. 他是我們城市的驕傲。5. Youll be all right in a few days.in后接一段時(shí)間，經(jīng)常用在一般將來時(shí)，表示一段時(shí)間后的行為狀態(tài)。對一般將來時(shí)句子中的“in+一段 時(shí)間”提問，要用how soon,表示“多久將做某事”。例如：He will arrive in Beijing in ihree days.他將在三天后到北京。How soon will he arrive in Beijing? 他將多久到北京？【拓展】（1）after和in均可與一段時(shí)間

10、連用，表示“在之后”，但after表示以過去時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)的一段時(shí)間以 后，因此通常與過去時(shí)連用；而in那么表示從現(xiàn)在算起的一段時(shí)間以后，因此通常用于將來時(shí)或含有將 來意義的句子。例如：He came back after three days.三天后他回來了。Fil come back in three days.我三天后 |口1 來。I think he can come back in three days.我想他 三天后可以回來。（2） after除與一段時(shí)間連用外，還可與一點(diǎn)時(shí)間連用，此時(shí)可用于將來時(shí)（in不能與點(diǎn)時(shí)間連用）。例 如：He will arrive after five o

11、clock.他五點(diǎn)鐘以后到。36secretaryn.秘書sekrstri37make up ones mind決定38Indian.印度Ll ndl o39officern.官員D fl so詞組international charities國際慈善機(jī)構(gòu)pocket money零花錢have some pocket money left有一些零花錢剩下give it to them把它給他們have a big lunch afterwards隨后吃一頓豐富的午餐take you to a new restaurant帶你去一家新的飯館be next to the OXFAM shop在 O

12、XFAM 商店隔壁charities around the world世界各地的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)World Vision世界宣明會(huì)World Wide Fund for Nature世界自然基金會(huì)the least important最不重要的health care保健an interview with an ORBIS doctor一次與 ORBIS 醫(yī)生的采訪tell me something about blindness告訴我一些眼盲的情況people around/ all over the world全世界人民80 per cent of the cases of blindness80%

13、 的失明病例can be cured能被治愈medical treatment藥物治療a flying eye hospital一個(gè)飛行眼科醫(yī)院visit poor countries訪問貧窮國家volunteer doctors志愿者醫(yī)生operate on sb. =do/perform an operation on sb. 給某人做手術(shù)use the plane as a teaching centre用飛機(jī)來作為一個(gè)教學(xué)中心can afford to travel / go to hospital承當(dāng)?shù)闷鹑メt(yī)院eye operations眼科手術(shù)learn about eye ope

14、rations了解眼科手術(shù)teach them new skills教他們新的技能share our knowledge提供我們的知識watch (he operations on video在錄像里觀看手術(shù)during my last visit在我上一次/最近一次訪問過程中do two or three operations a day一天做兩三個(gè)手術(shù)be grateful/thankful to sb. for sth.因?yàn)槟呈露鴮δ橙撕芨屑o such an important job做這么一件重要的工作help people see again幫助人們重見光明be proud of

15、 sb./ sth. be proud +that賓從為某人/某事感到自豪m(xù)odem medicine現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)carry on with sth. = go on with sth繼續(xù)某事carry on with our work繼續(xù)開展我們的工作improve the lives of patients send donations totravel all around the world people with eye problems support ones work fly(o poor areaslearn from the ORBIS doctors pay for the

16、treatmentan adverlisement for UNICEF hear ir on the radio improve (he lives of children make the world a better place receive/get (an) education treat sb with kindness be treated with kindness used to be blind work far away from home (he long working hours an unusual lifestyle (he lifestyle of a fly

17、ing doctor cure sick people / cure a patient must/have to be careful enough keep learning a long process a meaningful job a meaningful life want children (o be healthy provide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth. provide food for poor children make a donation do some voluntary work part of the Unite

18、d Nations set up in 1946 because of the war change the lives of the children / change the childrens lives organize other fund-raising activities go to school instead of working to support their families spend the pocket money on snacks try (o save some money for charities such a scious problem take

19、more action to prevent pollution make flow charts改善病人的生活向捐款環(huán)游全世界有眼疾的人支持某人的工作飛往貧窮地區(qū)向ORBIS醫(yī)生學(xué)習(xí)支付醫(yī)療費(fèi)一那么UNICEF的廣告在收音機(jī)上/廣播上聽到它 改善兒童生活讓這個(gè)世界（成為）更美好的地方 受教育善意地對待某人 被善待過去是瞎的在離家很遠(yuǎn)的地方工作很長的工作時(shí)間不同尋常的生活方式一個(gè)飛行醫(yī)生的生活方式 治愈病人必須足夠細(xì)心不斷學(xué)習(xí)一個(gè)長的過程一項(xiàng)有意義的工作有意義的生活想要孩子們健康提供某物給某人為貧窮兒童提供食物捐贈(zèng)做一些義務(wù)/志愿工作聯(lián)合國一局部建立于1946年 由于戰(zhàn)爭原因 改變這些兒童的生

20、活組織其他籌集資金的活動(dòng) 去上學(xué)而不是干活養(yǎng)家把零花錢花在零食上 努力為慈善機(jī)構(gòu)存錢 一個(gè)如此嚴(yán)重的問題 采取更多行動(dòng)來阻止污染 制作流程圖give patients medicine be used to working on a plane be not afraid of flying any more care about sb./sth.care other people hope to have a job finish school(rain as a nursework in the office of a big company get a good gradc/gradcs

21、 in English do a lot of research on wildlife learn a lot about life in poor areas go to restaurants often給病人藥品習(xí)慣于在飛機(jī)上工作不再害怕飛行 關(guān)心某人/某事 關(guān)心其他人 希望得到一份工作 （學(xué)校）畢業(yè)訓(xùn)練成一個(gè)護(hù)士/接受護(hù)士培訓(xùn) 在一家大公司的辦公室工作在英語上取得好分?jǐn)?shù)在野生生物上做許多研究 了解很多有關(guān)貧窮地區(qū)的生活 經(jīng)常下館子直點(diǎn)句子You have sonic pocket money left.have some pocket money left 剩一些零花錢I am lo

22、o weak to walk any further.too weak to walk any further太虛弱而不能走得更遠(yuǎn)It helps build a better world fbr everyone,especially children all over the world.build a better world for everyone為每個(gè)人建立一個(gè)更美好的世界It provides basic education for children in poor areas.basic education基石出教育1( works fbr the equal rights o

23、f girls and women too.the equal rights of girls and women女孩和婦女的平等權(quán)利It also works to prevent the spread of some serious diseases,like AIDS,among young people.prevent the spread of some serious diseases 預(yù)防一些嚴(yán)重疾病的傳播Youve done a good job.do a good job干得不錯(cuò)Please tell us something about blindness.About 28

24、5 million people around the world arc blind or have other eye problems,mostly in poor areas,and about 80 per cent of these cases can be prevented or cured.have other eye problems 有其他的眼疾mostly in poor areas主要在貧窮國家80 per cent of these cases 80% 的這些病例can be prevented or cured能夠被預(yù)防或治愈On the plane,volunt

25、eer doctors do operations.do operations on sb/opera(e on sb 給某人做手術(shù)The plane is used as a training centre.be used as a training centre 被用作培訓(xùn)中心However.many people dont have money fbr medical trealment.medical treatment 醫(yī)學(xué)治療Many of our patients cant afford to go to hospital.so we have to go to them.aff

26、ord to do sth負(fù)擔(dān)得起做某事cant afford to go to hospital 沒有錢去醫(yī)院Also,local doctors and nurses are invited on board to learn about eye operations.be invited on board被邀請到飛機(jī)上learn about eye operations 學(xué)習(xí)眼科手術(shù)By training (hem,we hope to help more people.by training them通過訓(xùn)練他們We can teach them new skills.teach th

27、em new skills教他們新技能During my last visit, 150 patients were operated on.Im proud to help people see again and improve their lives.be proud to do s(h自豪地做某事be proud of為驕傲help people see again幫助人們重見光明improve their lives改善他們的生活I(lǐng)s (here anything else youd like to say to our readers?Modern medicine is deve

28、loping quickly and now most eye problems and diseases can be【reated and cured.But more money is needed to carry on with our work.modern medicine 現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)developing quickly 迅速開展most eye problems and diseases can be treated大多數(shù)眼睛問題和疾病可以被治療和治愈carry on with our work繼續(xù)開展我們的工作A charity show was held by the Stu

29、dents, Union.Oxfam was sei up in the UK in 1942.be set up in the UK在英國建立A lot of things are sold in Oxfam shopsdncluding books.Leaflets are handed out to people in the street by volunteers.hand out leaflets to people 向人們分發(fā)傳單It helps governments,communities and families make the world a better place

30、for children, make the world a better place for children為孩子們創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更好的世界UNICEF raises money by selling Christmas cards and organizing other activities.raise money by selling Christmas cards通過賣圣誕卡片募集前錢organize other activities 組織其他活動(dòng)You look pale. Whats the matter?look因叵看起來蒼白Whats the matter?怎么 了 ？Open

31、your mouth and let me have a check.Its nothing serious.let me have a check 讓我檢查一下nothing serious沒什么嚴(yán)重的Take this medicine after meals three times a day.take this medicine after meals 飯后服用這個(gè)藥You will be all right in a few days.in a few day幾天后Will it be a success? I kept asking myself.keep asking mysel

32、f不停地問我自己Diana was once a secrelary of a big company.a secretary of a big company 家大公司的秘書She wanted to help poor people with eye problems again,so she made up her mind to train as a nurse and attended courses after work.(rain as a nurse訓(xùn)練成為一名護(hù)士attended courses after work 卜班后上課She docs not have as muc

33、h money as before,but she thinks her life is more meaning.have as much money as before和以前有一樣多的錢3. spread35. A UNICEF officer came and learnt about (he conditions of the local people, learn about the conditions of the local people 了解當(dāng)?shù)厝说臈l件詞匯精講especiallyespecially表示“特別地”，用于修飾形容詞或副詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)程度。有時(shí)也修飾動(dòng)詞。例如：It

34、is especially cold today.今天特別冷。We are especially busy today.我們今天特別忙。Im feeling especially tired this evening.今天晚上我特別累。I especially want to see that film.我特別想看那部電影。（2）用于強(qiáng)調(diào)目的，意為“特意、專門“，通常與表目的的不定式或介詞for短語連用。例如：We bought it especially for you.這是我們特意為你買的。The book is written especially for children.這本書是專門

35、為孩子們寫的。（3）表示陳述某一事實(shí)之后，列舉一個(gè)具有代表性的例子，作進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)，其后可接名詞、介詞短語、 從句等。例如:This street is very crowd, especially on Sundays.這條街很擁擠，尤其是星期天。Wc want to invite some friends, especially Jim and John.我們想邀請幾個(gè)朋友，尤其是吉姆和約翰。provideprovide作動(dòng)詞，意為“提供，供給“，常與介詞wilh連用，provide sb.wilh s【h.表示“供應(yīng)給某人某物”； 也可以用于provide sth. for sb.,表示“

36、為某人提供某物“，provide的賓語是被提供的東西，for的賓語是 接受這些東西的人等。例如：The Sun provides us with light and heat. = The sun provides light and heat for us.太陽給我們提供光和熱?！就卣埂勘嫖觯簅ffer, provide 與 supplyoffer1）給予，提供（有主觀上愿意供給的意思）He offered me a glass of wine.他端給我一杯酒。2）愿意，試圖（做某事）；提議They offered to help me.他們表示愿意幫助我。3） offer還有“出價(jià)，給工資

37、”的意思。We offered him the calculator for $50.這計(jì)算器我們向他開價(jià)五十美元。provide1）作及物動(dòng)詞，”提供裝備，供給”provide sb.with sth.= provide sth.for sb.為某人提供某物She managed to provide her children with food and clothing. 她設(shè)法使她的孩子有飯吃，有衣穿。2）作不及物動(dòng)詞，“撫養(yǎng)，贍養(yǎng)”（+for）He tried to earn more money to provide fbr a large family. 他設(shè)法多掙錢以供養(yǎng)一個(gè)大家

38、庭。supply作及物動(dòng)詞，”供給，供應(yīng)；補(bǔ)充，滿足“，其后常用介詞io, for和wilh.We supply power to the three nearby towns.我們給附近的三個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)提供電力。Our farm supplies the market with fruits. 我們的農(nóng)場為這家市場提供水果。（1） spread作動(dòng)詞，意為“伸展,延伸,張開例如: The young bird spread its wings.那只幼鳥伸展翅膀。spread out a map 攤開地圖spread還表示“薄薄地涂在上例如：spread butter on brcad=sprcad

39、 bread with butter. 在面包上涂奶油spread還表示“傳播（消息等），（疾?。┞?撒（肥料等）例如: Dont spread bad news不要傳播壞消息。Flies spread diseases.蒼蠅傳染疾病。treatmenttreat用作動(dòng)詞，意為“治療”時(shí),常用于“treat sb. fbr sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)；還表示“以態(tài)度對待”常用于 “treatas/like sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)。treatment是treat的名詞形式,意為“對待；待遇;治療”時(shí),常用搭配有medical treatment 藥物治療;hospital treatment 住院治療 例如：Th

40、e dentist is treating my teeth.牙醫(yī)正在治療我的牙齒。Marry treats me like one of the family.瑪麗像家人一樣的對待我。In poor countries, many people dont have money fbr medical treatment.在貧窮國家很多人沒錢進(jìn)行藥物治療。operate（1）operate作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“運(yùn)作;營業(yè)；產(chǎn)生效果”。例如：The machine is not operating properly.機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)得不正常。His company operates in several

41、countries.他的公司在幾個(gè)國家有業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)。The medicine operated quickly.這藥很快起 了作用。operate作不及物動(dòng)詞，還意為“動(dòng)手術(shù)”，后接介詞on。例如：The doctors decided to operate on him fbr the tumor.醫(yī)生們決定為他開刀切除腫瘤。operate作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“操作;開動(dòng)（機(jī)器）等”。例如：Who operates that machine?那臺機(jī)器由誰操作？【拓展】operate作名詞，意為“操作;運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”，在醫(yī)學(xué)上表示“手術(shù)”。例如：The operation of this machine i

42、s simple.這個(gè)機(jī)器的操作很簡單。The operation of a railroad needs many men.鐵路的營運(yùn)需要很多人。The operation saved her life.手術(shù)挽救了 她的生命。patientpalient作為形容詞，意為“有耐性的；忍耐的它的名詞形式palience,意思是“耐心；容忍”。例如: Sorry. Doctor Song is quite busy now. You should be patient and wait for a few minutes.對不起，宋醫(yī)生現(xiàn)在很忙，你要耐心些，再等幾分鐘。It was hard work and required all his patience.工作很艱巨，需要他有極