2022年考研考博-考博英語-華東交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號9

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-華東交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題The planet Venus, like Earth, spins on its own（ ）as it orbits the Sun.問題1選項A.splinterB.indexC.axisD.trace【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項splinter“碎片”；B選項index“指數(shù)”；C選項axis “軸線”；D選項trace“痕跡”。句意：金星和地球一樣，繞著太陽公轉(zhuǎn)，也繞著自己的軸心自轉(zhuǎn)。本句表示自轉(zhuǎn)軸。

2、因此C選項正確。2.單選題Please（ ）yourself from smoking and spitting in public places, since the law forbids them.問題1選項A.restrainB.hinderC.restrictD.prohibit【答案】A【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項restrain“控制，約束”；B選項hinder“阻礙，打擾”；C選項restrict“限制，約束”；D選項prohibit“阻止，禁止”。根據(jù)句意可知，這里是說控制自己不要抽煙，對自身的控制和管理應(yīng)使用restrain，而restrict多指限制在一定的范圍內(nèi)。所以

3、選項A最為恰當(dāng)。3.單選題This book is about how these basic beliefs and values affect important（ ）of American life.問題1選項A.facetsB.formatsC.formulasD.fashions【答案】A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項facets“方面”；B選項formats“構(gòu)成”；C選項formulas“方案”；D選項fashions“風(fēng)尚”。句意：這本書是關(guān)于這些基本信念和價值觀如何影響美國生活的重要方面。本句表示美國生活的重要方面。因此A選項正確。4.單選題When I（ ）my sens

4、es, I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room, with Grandma bending over me.問題1選項A.woke upB.took toC.picked upD.came to【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。come to ones sense 意為“清醒過來；恢復(fù)理性”。句意：當(dāng)我回過神來，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正裹在小房間的床上，奶奶正俯身看著我。選項D符合語境。5.單選題Some educators try to put students of similar abilities into the same class b

5、ecause they believe this kind of（ ）grouping is advisable.問題1選項A.homogeneousB.instantaneousC.spontaneousD.anonymous【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項homogeneous“同性質(zhì)的”；B選項instantaneous“瞬間的”；C選項spontaneous“無意識的”；D選項anonymous“匿名的”。句意：有些教育工作者試圖把能力相似的學(xué)生分到同一個班級，因為他們認(rèn)為這種同質(zhì)的分組是可取的。本句表示把能力相似的學(xué)生分到一個班是一種同質(zhì)性的分組。因此A選項正確。6.單選

6、題Investigators believe the fire was caused by（ ）electrical wiring. They said the buildings wiring had not been done by a professional electrician.問題1選項A.soberB.faultyC.promptD.fussy【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項sober“清醒的”；B選項faulty“錯誤的”；C選項prompt“敏捷的”；D選項fussy“愛挑剔的”。句意：調(diào)查人員認(rèn)為火災(zāi)是由錯誤的電線引起的。他們說，大樓的布線不是由專業(yè)電工完成的

7、。本句表示錯誤的電線布線。因此B選項正確。7.單選題Which is safer-staying at home, traveling to work on public transport, or working in the office? Surprisingly, each of these carries the same risk, which is very low. However, what about flying compared to working in the chemical industry? Unfortunately, the former is 65 ti

8、mes riskier than the latter! In fact, the accident rate of workers in the chemical industry is less than that of almost any of human activity, and almost as safe as staying at home.The trouble with the chemical industry is that when things go wrong they often cause death to those living nearby. It i

9、s this which makes chemical accidents so newsworthy. Fortunately, they are extremely rare. The most famous ones happened at Texas City (1947), Flixborough (1974), Seveso (1976), Pemex (1984) and Bhopal (1984).Some of these are always in the minds of the people even though the loss of life was small.

10、 No one died at Seveso, and only 28 workers at Flixborough. The worst accident of all was Bhopal, where up to 3,000 were killed. The Texas City explosion of fertilizer killed 552. The Pemex fire at a storage plant for natural gas in the suburbs of Mexico City took 542 lives, just a month before the

11、unfortunate event at Bhopal.Some experts have discussed these accidents and used each accident to illustrate a particular danger. Thus the Texas City explosion was caused by tons of ammonium nitrate (硝酸銨), which is safe unless stored in great quantity. The Flixborough fireball was the fault of manag

12、ement, which took risks to keep production going during essential repairs. The Seveso accident shows what happens if the local authorities lack knowledge of the danger on their doorstep. When the poisonous gas drifted over the town, local leaders were incapable of taking effective action. The Pemex

13、fire was made worse by an overloaded site in an overcrowded suburb. The fire set off a chain reaction on exploding storage tanks. Yet, by a miracle, the two largest tanks did not explode. Had these caught fire, then 3,000 strong rescue team and fire fighters would all have died.1. Which of the follo

14、wing statements is true?2.Chemical accidents are usually important enough to be reported as news because（ ）.3.According to passage, the chemical accident that caused by the fault of management happened at（ ）.4.From the passage we know that ammonium nitrate is a kind of（ ）.5.From the discussion among

15、 some experts we may conclude that（ ）.問題1選項A.Working at the office is safer than staying at home.B.Travelling to work on public transport is safer than working at the office.C.Staying at home is safer than working in the chemical industry.D.Working in the chemical industry is safer than traveling by

16、 air.問題2選項A.they are very rareB.they often cause loss of lifeC.they always occur in big citiesD.they arouse the interest of all the readers問題3選項A.Texas cityB.FlixboroughC.SevesoD.Mexico City問題4選項A.natural gas, which can easily catch fireB.fertilizer, which cant be stored in a great quantityC.poisono

17、us substance, which cant be used in overcrowded areasD.fuel, which is stored in large tanks問題5選項A.to avoid any accidents we should not repair the facilities in chemical industryB.the local authorities should not be concerned with the production of the chemical industryC.all these accidents could hav

18、e been avoided or controlled if effective measure had been takenD.natural gas stored in very large tanks is always safe【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:B第4題:B第5題:C【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由D選項關(guān)鍵詞“chemical industry”可以定位到文章第一段第三、四句However, what about flying compared to working in the chemical industry? Unfortunately, the former

19、is 65 times riskier than the latter!（然而，坐飛機(jī)和在化工行業(yè)工作相比怎么樣呢？不幸的是，前者的風(fēng)險是后者的55倍！），說明在化工行業(yè)工作比坐飛機(jī)更安全。因此D選項“在化工行業(yè)工作比坐飛機(jī)更安全?！闭_。A選項“在辦公室工作比待在家里更安全”，B選項“乘公共交通工具去上班比在辦公室工作更安全”，由原文可知待在家里、乘坐公共交通工具上班和在辦公室工作的風(fēng)險是相同的，沒有誰比誰更安全，所以A，B錯誤。由第一段最后一句the accident rate of workers in the chemical industry is less than that of

20、 almost any of human activity, and almost as safe as staying at home（化工行業(yè)工人的事故率比幾乎任何人類活動都要低，幾乎和待在家里一樣安全），說明化工行業(yè)和待在家里一樣安全，所以C選項“待在家里比在化工行業(yè)工作更安全”錯誤。2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“reported as news”可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句The trouble with the chemical industry is that when things go wrong they often cause death to those living

21、nearby. It is this which makes chemical accidents so newsworthy.（化工行業(yè)的問題是，一旦出現(xiàn)問題，往往會導(dǎo)致附近居民死亡。這也使得化學(xué)事故具有新聞價值。），說明新聞報道化學(xué)事故是因為它們會導(dǎo)致人員死亡。因此B選項“它們經(jīng)常造成生命損失”正確。A選項“它們非常罕見”，C選項“它們總是發(fā)生在大城市”和D選項“它們引起了所有讀者的興趣”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，C，D錯誤。3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“fault of management”可以定位到文章第四段第三句The Flixborough fireball was the fa

22、ult of management, which took risks to keep production going during essential repairs.（弗利克斯伯勒的火災(zāi)是管理層的失誤造成的，因為他們冒著風(fēng)險在重要維修期間繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)。），說明由管理失誤造成的化學(xué)事故發(fā)生在弗利克斯伯勒。因此B選項“弗利克斯伯勒”正確。A選項“得克薩斯城”，C選項“塞維索”和D選項“墨西哥城”的事故不是因為管理失誤造成的，所以A，C，D錯誤。4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“ammonium nitrate”可以定位到文章第四段第二句Thus the Texas City explosion wa

23、s caused by tons of ammonium nitrate, which is safe unless stored in great quantity.（因此，得克薩斯城的爆炸是由數(shù)噸硝酸銨引起的，大量儲存硝酸銨是不安全的。），說明硝酸銨不能大量儲存，另外文章第三段第四句The Texas City explosion of fertilizer killed 552.（得克薩斯城的肥料爆炸造成552人死亡。）說明造成得克薩斯城爆炸事故的硝酸銨是一種肥料。因此B選項“不能大量儲存的化學(xué)肥料”正確。A選項“天然氣，很容易著火”是墨西哥城火災(zāi)事故的原因，C選項“有毒物質(zhì)，不能在人滿

24、為患地區(qū)使用”，由文章可知塞維索的事故是毒氣造成的，D選項“燃料，它被儲存在大的油箱里”在文中沒有提及，所以A，C，D錯誤。5.推理判斷題。由A選項關(guān)鍵詞“repair”可以定位到文章第四段第三句The Flixborough fireball was the fault of management, which took risks to keep production going during essential repairs.（弗利克斯伯勒的火災(zāi)是管理層的失誤造成的，因為他們冒著風(fēng)險在重要維修期間繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)。），說明維修設(shè)備很重要，不能冒著風(fēng)險在維修設(shè)備時繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)。因此A選項“為了避免事

25、故，我們不應(yīng)該維修化工設(shè)施”錯誤。由B選項關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)ocal authorities”可以定位到文章第四段第四、五句The Seveso accident shows what happens if the local authorities lack knowledge of the danger on their doorstep. When the poisonous gas drifted over the town, local leaders were incapable of taking effective action.（塞維索事故表明，如果地方當(dāng)局對其家門口的危險缺乏了解，

26、將會發(fā)生什么。當(dāng)毒氣飄過城鎮(zhèn)上空時，當(dāng)?shù)仡I(lǐng)導(dǎo)無法采取有效行動。），說明地方當(dāng)局需要了解當(dāng)?shù)鼗どa(chǎn)的情況。因此B選項“地方當(dāng)局不應(yīng)關(guān)心化學(xué)工業(yè)的生產(chǎn)”錯誤。由D選項關(guān)鍵詞“tanks”可以定位到第四段倒數(shù)第三句The fire set off a chain reaction on exploding storage tanks.（大火引起儲存罐爆炸的連鎖反應(yīng)。），說明儲存罐里的天然氣也會發(fā)生氣體爆炸的事故。因此D選項“儲存在大型儲罐中的天然氣總是安全的”錯誤。第四段列舉了各種原因引發(fā)的事故，同時也相對應(yīng)采取的措施，因此C選項“如果采取有效措施，所有這些事故都是可以避免或控制的”正確。8.單選

27、題There is virtually no limit to how one can serve community interests, from sending a few hours a week with some charitable organization to practically full-time work for a social agency. Just as there are opportunities for Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO) for young people before they take up full-t

28、ime employment,（1）there are opportunities for overseas service for qualified technicians in developing countries. Some people, （2）those who retire early, offer their technical and business skills in countries（3）there is a special need.So in considering voluntary or paid community service, there are

29、more opportunities than there（4）were when one first began work. Most voluntary organizations have only a small full-time staff, and depend very much on volunteers and part-timers. This means that working relationships are different from those in commercial organizations, and values may be different.

30、 In some ways they may seem more（5）and less efficient, but one should not judge them by commercial（6）.The people who work with them do so for different reasons and with different objectives, both personal and organizational. One should not join them（7）to arm them with professional expertise; they mu

31、st be joined with commitment to the cause, not business（8）Because salaries are small or non-existent many voluntary bodies offer modest expenses. But many retired people take part in community service for（9）， simply because they enjoy the work.Many community activities possible in retirement were al

32、so possible during ones working life but they are to be undertaken no less seriously for that. Retired people who are just looking for something different or unusual to do should not consider（10）community service.問題1選項A.asB.soC.thenD.that問題2選項A.passionatelyB.partiallyC.particularlyD.peculiarly問題3選項A

33、.whichB.whereC.asD.that問題4選項A.everB.beforeC.neverD.lately問題5選項A.casualB.formaC.activeD.usual問題6選項A.valueB.normC.criteriaD.perspective問題7選項A.expectingB.to expectC.being expectedD.expected問題8選項A.effectB.sufficiencyC.deficiencyD.efficiency問題9選項A.freeB.freedomC.healthD.salary問題10選項A.to be takenB.to take

34、C.being takenD.taking【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:B第4題:D第5題:A第6題:C第7題:A第8題:D第9題:A第10題:C【解析】1.本題考查連詞的用法。本句意為:“正如年輕人在參加全職工作前有機(jī)會參加海外志愿服務(wù)一樣,發(fā)展中國家的合格技術(shù)人員也有機(jī)會參加海外服務(wù)?！眏ust asso”意為也，因此，B選項為正確答案。2.本題考查副詞的用法。根據(jù)句意，“一些人，尤其是那些退休早的人”，空格所在句子的前后均是逗號，并且緊跟在主語的后面，因此后面的應(yīng)該加上表示更進(jìn)一步的副詞， A選項passionately“熱情地，強(qiáng)烈地”，B選項partially“部分地，偏袒地”

35、， C選項particularly“特別地，尤其地”，D選項peculiarly“特殊地，奇怪地”，因此，C選項為正確答案。3.本題考查關(guān)系副詞的用法。countries ,表示地點, where用于表示地點，放在地點之后,意為“在那;該處”,句意：在有特殊需要的國家提供他們的技術(shù)和商業(yè)技能。根據(jù)空格前的countries，可知此處缺少一個表示地點的副詞，引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，因此，B 選項為正確答案。4.本題考查副詞辨析。此處是一個more than的比較結(jié)構(gòu),現(xiàn)在和以前做比較，因此此句缺少的是一個表示過去狀況的時間副詞。A選項ever“曾經(jīng)”，B選項before“以前”，C選項never“決不

36、“，D選項lately“近來”，before作副詞需要放在動詞后，lately和never都不符合與過去時態(tài)之間的邏輯關(guān)系，本句意為“所以在考慮義務(wù)或付費(fèi)的社區(qū)服務(wù)時,現(xiàn)在比一個人剛開始工作時有更多的機(jī)會?！?.本題考查形容詞的用法。A選項casual“隨便的，疏忽的”， B選項forma“植物型，變型”，C選項active“忙碌的，活躍的”， D選項usual“通常的，慣例的”,此空的后面有個less efficient，并列成分，因此應(yīng)該是more casual，來表達(dá)同一個意思，與之相對應(yīng)，句意：在某些方面，他們可能看起來更隨意，效率更低。因此，A選項為正確答案。6.本題考查名詞用法。根

37、據(jù)judge可以得出，后面應(yīng)該是有一個評判的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，才可以去根據(jù)這個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做出判斷，A選項value“價值，益處”，B選項norm“準(zhǔn)則，慣例” ，C選項criteria“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，D選項perspective“態(tài)度，觀點”，因此，C選項為正確答案。7.本題考查動詞+ ing作賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法。此句中them和they指代的都是志愿者組織的全職員工，join them后面所跟的部分為伴隨狀語，故應(yīng)使用動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。因此，A選項為正確答案。8.本題考查名詞用法。A選項effect“影響，結(jié)果，效應(yīng)”，B選項sufficiency“足量，充足”，C選項deficiency“缺點，缺陷”，D選項ef

38、ficiency“效率，功效”，該空前面一句話說的是人們不應(yīng)該加入他們指望用專業(yè)知識武裝他們;之后有提到必須結(jié)合對事業(yè)的承諾，而不是什么，那么也就是前文所提到的用專業(yè)知識所獲取的商業(yè)的效率。因此，D選項為正確答案。9.本題考查詞匯的固定搭配。A選項free“自由的，免費(fèi)的”，B選項freedom“自由”，C選項health“健康”，D選項salary“薪資”，由上下文可知，他們選擇做這項工作只是因為他們喜歡，因此可以推斷他們不要求報酬，無償參加社區(qū)服務(wù)的工作，for free表示“無償?shù)摹薄Ｒ虼?，A選項為正確答案。10.本題考查非謂語動詞。consider要求后面動詞用ing形式,作賓語。句意

39、：那些只是想在退休之后尋找一些新鮮事情做的人并不應(yīng)該考慮做社區(qū)服務(wù)。因此，C選項為正確答案。9.單選題Industrialization came to the United State after 1790 as North American entrepreneurs increased productivity by reorganizing work and building factories. These innovations in manufacturing boosted output and living standards to an unprecedented exte

40、nt; the average per capita wealth increased by nearly 1 percent per year 30 percent over the course of a generation. Goods that had once been luxury items became part of everyday life.The impressive gain in output stemmed primarily from the way in which workers made goods, since the 1790s, North Ame

41、rican entrepreneurs even without technological improvements had broadened the scope of the outwork system that made manufacturing more efficient by distributing materials to a succession of workers who each performed a single step of the production process. For example, during the 1820s and 1830s th

42、e shoe industry greatly expanded the scale and extend of the outwork system. Tens of thousands of rural women, paid according to the amount they produced, fabricated the “uppers” of shoes, which were bound to the soles by wage-earning journeymen shoemakers in dozens of Massachusetts town, whereas pr

43、eviously journeymen would have made the ensure shoe. This system of production made the employer a powerful “shoe boss” and eroded workers control over the pace and conditions of labor. However, it also dramatically increased the output of shoes while cutting their price.For tasks that were not suit

44、ed to the outwork system, entrepreneurs created an even more important new organization, the modern factory, which used power-driven machines and assembly-line techniques to turn out large quantities of well-made goods. As early as 1782 the prolific Delaware inventor Oliver Evans had built a highly

45、automated, laborsaving flour mill driven by water power. His machinery lifted the grain to the top of the mill, cleaned it as it fell into containers known as hoppers, ground the grain into flour, and then conveyed the flour back to the top of the mill to allow it to cool as it descended into barrel

46、s. Subsequently, manufacturers made use of new improved stationary stream engines to power their mills. This new technology enabled them to build factories in the nations largest cities, taking advantage of urban concentrations of inexpensive labor, good transportation networks, and eager customers.

47、1. What is the passage mainly about?2.The author mentions the shoe industry in the second paragraph to provide an example of how（ ）.3.All of the following are mentioned as effects of changes in the shoe industry during the 1820s and 1830s EXCEPT（ ）.4.All of the following are true of the outwork syst

48、em EXCEPT（ ）5.The passage mentions which of the following as a result of improvements in factory machinery?問題1選項A.The difficulties of industrialization in North AmericaB.The influence of changes in manufacturing on the growth of urban centersC.The rapid speed of industrialization in North AmericaD.I

49、mproved ways of organizing the manufacturing of goods問題2選項A.entrepreneurs increased output by using an extended outwork systemB.entrepreneurs used technological improvements to increase outputC.rural workers responded to “shoe bosses”D.changes in the outwork system improved the quality of shoes問題3選項

50、A.an increase in the workers dependence on entrepreneursB.an increase in the wages paid to journeymen shoemakersC.a decline in the workers ability to control the speed of productionD.a decrease in the price of shoes問題4選項A.It involved stages of production.B.It was more efficient than the systems used

51、 before 1790.C.It made many employers less powerful than they had been before.D.It did not necessarily involve any technological improvements.問題5選項A.It became easier for factory owners to find workers and customers.B.Manufacturers had to employ more highly skilled workers.C.The amount of power requi

52、red for factories operate was reduced.D.Factories could operate more than one engine at a time.【答案】第1題:D第2題:A第3題:B第4題:C第5題:A【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第二段中had broadened the scope of the outwork system that made manufacturing more efficient by distributing materials to a succession of workers who each performed a

53、 single step of the production process.（擴(kuò)大了外部工作系統(tǒng)的范圍，通過將材料分發(fā)給連續(xù)的工人，每個工人只執(zhí)行生產(chǎn)過程中的一個步驟，從而提高了生產(chǎn)效率。）介紹了流水線的生產(chǎn)方式，第三段中entrepreneurs created an even more important new organization, the modern factory, which used power-driven machines and assembly-line techniques to turn out large quantities of well-made g

54、oods.（企業(yè)家們創(chuàng)造了一種更重要的新組織現(xiàn)代工廠，它使用動力驅(qū)動的機(jī)器和裝配線技術(shù)生產(chǎn)出大量優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品。）介紹了動力驅(qū)動的現(xiàn)代化工廠，這些都是改進(jìn)的生產(chǎn)組織方式。所以D選項“改進(jìn)的商品生產(chǎn)組織方式”符合題意。A選項“北美工業(yè)化的困難”，文章說的是北美工業(yè)化的不斷進(jìn)步，而不是困難之處，所以A錯誤。B選項“制造業(yè)變化對城市中心增長的影響”和C選項“北美工業(yè)化的快速發(fā)展”，文中均沒有提及，所以B，C錯誤。2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段，第二段開頭說The impressive gain in output stemmed primarily from the way in which

55、workers made goods had broadened the scope of the outwork system that made manufacturing more efficient.（令人印象深刻的產(chǎn)量增長主要源于工人的生產(chǎn)方式北美企業(yè)家擴(kuò)大了外部工作系統(tǒng)的范圍。），后面又介紹了“shoe industry”，即第二段提到制鞋業(yè)是作為外部工作系統(tǒng)的例子。所以A選項“企業(yè)家通過使用擴(kuò)展的外部工作系統(tǒng)來增加產(chǎn)量”正確。B選項“企業(yè)家利用技術(shù)改進(jìn)提高產(chǎn)量”，文章第二段第一句even without technological improvements（即使沒有技術(shù)進(jìn)步），說

56、明制鞋業(yè)產(chǎn)量的提高不是因為技術(shù)改進(jìn)，所以B錯誤。C選項“農(nóng)村工人對鞋老板的反應(yīng)”，文中沒有提到工人對鞋老板的態(tài)度，所以C錯誤。D選項“外部工作系統(tǒng)的改變提高了鞋子的質(zhì)量”，文中只說了產(chǎn)量的提高，沒有說到質(zhì)量的方面，所以D錯誤。3.推理判斷題。由A選項可以定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句This system of production made the employer a powerful “shoe boss”.（這種生產(chǎn)體系使雇主成為一個強(qiáng)大的“鞋老板”。），也就是說雇主的權(quán)力加大，工人的工作越來越依賴于雇主，所以A選項“工人對企業(yè)家的依賴增加”符合題意。由C選項可以定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句

57、and eroded workers control over the pace and conditions of labor（剝奪了工人對勞動速度和條件的控制），說明工人對勞動速度的控制減弱，所以C選項“工人控制生產(chǎn)速度的能力下降”符合題意。由D選項可以定位到文章第二段最后一句it also dramatically increased the output of shoes while cutting their price.（它還大幅提高了鞋子的產(chǎn)量，同時降低了它們的價格。），說明鞋子的價格下降了，所以D選項“鞋價的下降”符合題意。而文章中沒有提到工人工資的問題，所以B選項“付給熟練工

58、的工資提高”不符合題意。4.推理判斷題。由A選項可以定位到文章第二段第一句had broadened the scope of the outwork system each performed a single step of the production process（擴(kuò)大了外部工作系統(tǒng)的范圍每個工人只執(zhí)行生產(chǎn)過程中的一個步驟），說明外部工作系統(tǒng)涉及到生產(chǎn)的各個階段，所以A選項“涉及到生產(chǎn)的各個階段”正確。由B選項可以定位到文章第一段第一句Industrialization came to the United State after 1790 as North American ent

59、repreneurs increased productivity by reorganizing work and building factories.（1790年后工業(yè)化進(jìn)入美國，北美企業(yè)家通過重組工作和建造工廠提高了生產(chǎn)力。），說明1790年后新的外部工作系統(tǒng)使得生產(chǎn)效率比以往提高了，所以B選項“比1790年以前使用的系統(tǒng)效率更高”正確。由D選項可以定位到文章第二段第一句even without technological improvements（即使沒有技術(shù)進(jìn)步），說明外部工作系統(tǒng)不一定需要技術(shù)進(jìn)步，所以D選項“并不一定涉及技術(shù)進(jìn)步”正確。由C選項可以定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句Th

60、is system of production made the employer a powerful “shoe boss”.（這種生產(chǎn)體系使雇主成為一個強(qiáng)大的“鞋老板”。），說明這種外部工作系統(tǒng)讓雇主權(quán)力更大了，選項與原文表述的意思相反，所以C選項“使得許多雇主的權(quán)力不如以前”錯誤。5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句This new technology enabled them to build factories in the nations largest cities, taking advantage of urban concentrations of in