英語語法專題名詞和冠詞課件

1、 Revision ofthe Sentence Structures句法結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)習(xí)高三英語第一輪復(fù)習(xí) Revision of高三英語第一輪復(fù)習(xí) 簡單句的五種基本句型句型種類主語謂語部分謂語動(dòng)詞表語賓語補(bǔ)語S+Vi(主+謂)Patarrived.S+Vt+O(主+謂+賓)Sheplaysthe piano.S+Link.V+C(主+系+表)Theyare(系動(dòng)詞)heroes.S+Vt+InO+DO(主+謂+雙賓)Iofferedhim 5 dollars.(人間物直)S+Vt+O+Oc(主+謂+復(fù)合賓語)Annmademecry. 簡單句的五種基本句型句型種類主語謂語部分謂語動(dòng)詞表語賓句子成分

2、詳解句子成分意義充當(dāng)詞類例句主語表示句子說的是什么人或什么事名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，短語或句子We study in HuangQiao Middle School.謂語說明主語做什么，是什么或怎么樣動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組She is dancing under the tree.賓語表示動(dòng)作行為的對象同主語Both of us like English.表語與聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征同主語Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定語用來修飾名詞或代詞形，代，數(shù)，名, 副，介詞短語或句子We have eight

3、 lessons every day.狀語修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等副詞，介詞短語或句子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.賓語補(bǔ)足語邏輯上與賓語是主謂關(guān)系形容詞，名詞，介詞短語等She always keeps the house clean.主語謂語是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。賓主來自名代數(shù)，動(dòng)詞作謂不可無！句子成分詳解句子成分意義充當(dāng)詞類例句主語表示句子說的是什么人句子的分類分類說明例句簡單句由一個(gè)主語或并列主語和一個(gè)謂語或并列謂語構(gòu)成的句子。即一套主謂關(guān)系。1. Tom and

4、I found her there. 2. We all breathe, eat and work.并列句由并列連詞（and,so,but, or等）把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句連在一起而構(gòu)成的句子。1. He likes eggs, but he doesnt like chickens.2. Work hard or you will fall behind.復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子1. I believe you are right.2. If you study harder, you will pass the exam.句子的分類分類說明例句由一個(gè)主語或并列主

5、由并列連詞1. He復(fù)合句的種類1. _ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.（06遼寧） A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever2. See the flags on top of the building? That was _ we did this morning. （06全國I） A. when B. which C. where D. what復(fù)合句的種類1. _ makes this shop 復(fù)合句的種類3. Please remind me _

6、 he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. （ 06全國I ） A. where B. when C. how D. what4. Engines are to machines _ hearts are to animals. （ 06山東 ） A. as B. that C. what D. which復(fù)合句的種類3. Please remind me _復(fù)合句的種類5. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning _ his teammates

7、 had done. （ 06上海 ） A. what B. which C. why D. while6. - Its thirty years since we last met. - But I still remember the story, believe it or not,_we got lost on a rainy night. A. which B. that C. what D. when復(fù)合句的種類5. He spoke proudly of h復(fù)合句的種類7. Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the

8、class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. （ 06重慶 ） A. why B. that C. where D. because8. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. A. as B. whichC. what D. that復(fù)合句的種類7. Nobody believed his r復(fù)合句的種類9. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off th

9、e lights. ( 88 ) A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who10. Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which復(fù)合句的種類9. _ leaves the room 高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)專題之02名詞和冠詞海豐縣梅隴中學(xué) 許瑋俊高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)專題之02名詞和冠詞專有名詞（Proper Nouns）和普通名詞 (Common Nouns）專有名詞是某個(gè)（些）人，地方，機(jī)構(gòu)等

10、專有的名稱， 如Beijing，China等。普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個(gè)抽象概念的名詞， 如：book，sadness等。名詞的分類名詞的分類 1）個(gè)體名詞（Individual Nouns）：表示某類人或東西中的 個(gè)體，如：apple。 2）集體名詞（Collective Nouns）：表示若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的 集合體，如：family。 3）物質(zhì)名詞（Material Nouns）：表示無法分為個(gè)體的實(shí) 物，如：milk。 4）抽象名詞（Abstract Nouns）：表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、 感情等抽象概念，如：work。普通名詞又分為四類普通名詞又分為四類個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞可以用數(shù)目來計(jì)

11、算，稱為可數(shù)名詞（Countable Nouns）物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞一般無法用數(shù)目計(jì)算，稱為不可數(shù)名詞（Uncountable Nouns）所以一般情況下我們所說的名詞復(fù)數(shù)指的就是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)問題個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞可以用數(shù)目來計(jì)算，稱為可數(shù)名詞（Count歸納表格如下 |專有名詞 | | 名 | | 個(gè)體名詞 | | | | 可數(shù)名詞| | | 集體名詞 | |普通名詞 | | | 詞 | | 物質(zhì)名詞 | | | | 不可數(shù)名詞| | 抽象名詞 | |歸納表格如下 |專有名詞 | 一般情況加 -s 1.清輔音后讀/s/ map-maps book-books 2.濁輔音和元音后讀 /z/

12、bag-bags car-cars名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(1)一般情況加 -s 1.清輔音后讀/s/ 以s, sh, ch,x 等結(jié)尾的詞 加 -es 讀 /iz/bus-buses watch-watches bridge- bridges以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等結(jié)尾的詞加 -s讀 /iz/ exercise-exercises 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(2)以s, sh, ch,x 等結(jié)尾的詞 加 -es 讀 以y 結(jié)尾的專有名詞，或元音字母+y 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，直接加-s變復(fù)數(shù)： two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays以

13、輔音字母+y 變y 為i結(jié)尾的詞 再加es 讀 /z/ baby-babies名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(3)以y 結(jié)尾的專有名詞，或元音字母+y 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，直以f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)： a. 加-s roof-roofs b. 去f, fe 加-ves half-halvesknife-knives leaf-leaves wolf-wolves life-lives thief-thievesc. 均可 handkerchief - handkerchiefs / handkerchieves 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(4)一個(gè)首領(lǐng)(chief)帶著一個(gè)農(nóng)奴(serf)在海灣(gul

14、f)的懸崖(cliff)上發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)屋頂(roof)上面有個(gè)保險(xiǎn)箱(safe)。一個(gè)賊人(thief)的妻子(wife)冒著生命(life)危險(xiǎn)用半(half)片樹葉(leaf)似的小刀(knife)殺死了一只狼(wolf)。以f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)：名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(4a tomatosome tomatoessome potatoessome heroesHeroes love tomatoes and potatoes.名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(5)a tomatosome tomatoessome potafoot - feetchild - childrentooth - tee

15、thmouse - mice名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化(1)foot - feetchild - childrento名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化(2)man - menwoman - womenmen doctorswomen teachers名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化(2)man - menwoman -a Germansome GermansAmerican -Americans Australian-Australians Canadian-Canadianssome policemena policemanEnglishman Englishmen Frenchman - Frenchmen一些需要強(qiáng)調(diào)

16、的表示人的名詞復(fù)數(shù)a Germansome GermansAmerican -one sheeptwo sheepa Chinesetwo Chinesea Japaneseseveral Japanese名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化(3):單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同one sheeptwo sheepa Chinesetwoone fish一條魚fishes不同種類的魚各種各樣的魚three fish三條魚some fish一些魚肉可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化(4):好玩的 “fish”one fishfishesthree fishsome f 有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別的意義。 papers(報(bào)紙

17、，稿件) works(工廠，作品) times(時(shí)代) drinks(飲料) manners(禮貌) 部分物質(zhì)名詞可以用復(fù)數(shù)表示種類。 silks fruits foods word用做“消息”“通知”不與冠詞連用，也不用復(fù)數(shù)。 Word came that the meeting would be held on Friday. keep ones word have a word/a few words with sb. have words with sb. leave word in a word in other words 備注：有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如。goods(貨物) gl

18、asses(眼鏡) compasses(圓規(guī))thanks(感謝) clothes(衣服) remains (遺物，遺體) trousers(褲子) 守信 與某人說句話與某人吵嘴 留言簡而言之換句話說 有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別的意義。備注：有些名詞只有必須注意的若干名詞方面的問題(1) a.有些詞既可數(shù)又不可數(shù)但意思不同: paper 報(bào)紙/試卷/文件/講義 紙張time 次數(shù)/倍數(shù) 時(shí)間glass 玻璃杯 玻璃room 房間 空間fish 魚 魚肉 b.有些詞雖以-s結(jié)尾但卻是單數(shù): news , math(s) , physics , politics, . c.有些詞始終是復(fù)數(shù)形式:

19、people(人們), clothes, trousers, glasses(眼鏡) , works(著作), goods(貨物), times(時(shí)代). 有些詞通常都是復(fù)數(shù)形式: shoes, gloves, 必須注意的若干名詞方面的問題(1) d. people有兩種意思:人/人們;民族There are 56 peoples in China. 民族(加-s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù))There are 56 people in the room. 人(們)(本身就是復(fù)數(shù)) e.這些是最常見的不可數(shù)名詞,一般都沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式news, information, weather, work(工作), brea

20、d, knowledge, advice, fun但是可以加上一些表示單位的名詞來夠成短語: a _ of paper / bread / meat / work / advice a _ of tea / coffee a _of water / milk a _ of glasses / trousers / gloves必須注意的若干名詞方面的問題(2)piececupglass/bottlepaird. people有兩種意思:人/人們;民族必須注意的若干名a.“數(shù)詞+名詞”構(gòu)成的合成詞作定語時(shí)該名詞用單數(shù)形式 a two-month holiday an 8-year-old boy

21、試比較 the boys 400-metre race the boys 400 metres必須注意的特殊用法b.關(guān)于幾個(gè)表示數(shù)量的單位詞 hundreds / thousands / millions of people (表示約數(shù)時(shí)) 9 hundred / thousand / million people (表示準(zhǔn)確數(shù)量時(shí))a.“數(shù)詞+名詞”構(gòu)成的合成詞作定語時(shí)該名詞用單數(shù)形式必須注名詞的格在英語中有些名詞可以加s來表示所有或所屬關(guān)系，帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格，如：a teachers book。名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下：（修飾有生命的名詞用s，無生命的一般用of結(jié)構(gòu)） 1

22、） 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加 s，復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s，也要加s，如the boys bag 男孩的書包，mens room 男廁所。 專有名詞s結(jié)尾（一般應(yīng)加s）Charless job2） 若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s ，只加s，如：the workers struggle工人的斗爭。3） 凡不能加“s”的名詞，都可以用“名詞+of +名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。4） 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時(shí)，名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞，如：the barbers 理發(fā)店。5） 如果兩個(gè)名詞并列，并且分別有s，則表示“分別有”；只有一個(gè)s，則

23、表示共有。 如：Johns and Marys room（兩間） John and Marys room（一間）6） 復(fù)合名詞或短語，s 加在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾。 如：a month or twos absence名詞的格在英語中有些名詞可以加s來表示所有或所屬關(guān)系，帶這 雙重所有格 在英語中，-s所有格與of所有格放在一起使用所構(gòu)成的結(jié)構(gòu)叫雙重所有格。例如： Some photos of my parentswill be put away. An old friend of hers wrote a letter to her last week. A lot of clothes of m

24、y aunts were bought in Shanghai. 雙重所有格的用法 （1）of前面的名詞之前通常有一個(gè)限定詞，如a/an, any, some, no, few, several, two等。例如： some books of Lu Xun s 魯迅的一些作品 a few friends of mine 我的一些朋友 several toys of the child s 這個(gè)孩子的幾件玩具（2）of前面的名詞通?？梢杂弥甘敬~this, that來強(qiáng)調(diào)某種感情色彩。如This ball of Hu Pings is not expensive.胡平的這個(gè)球不貴。Im not

25、pleased with that answer of hers.我對她的答案感到不滿意。 雙重所有格 雙重所有格的用法 （3）of后帶-s的名詞通常是表示具體的人的名詞，或是名詞性物主代詞。例如： That s the spirit of the workers. This is a daughter of theirs.3）of所有格與雙重所有格結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別 （1） 側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。試區(qū)別： She is a sister of my fathers. (側(cè)重說明父親的妹妹不止一個(gè)) She is a sister of my father. (側(cè)重說明“她”是父親的惟一一個(gè)妹妹) （2）當(dāng)of

26、前的名詞是picture等詞時(shí)，含義不同。試區(qū)別： It is a picture of my mothers.這是我媽媽收藏的一幅畫。 It is a picture of my mother.這是我媽媽的一張照片。 （3）of后帶-s的名詞通常是表示具體的人的名詞，或是名詞名詞的句法功能:名詞在句中可以做主語，表語，賓語，賓語補(bǔ)足語，定語，狀語，同位語和呼語等如：Yesterday a boy came to see you. (主語)Edison was a world-famous inventor. (表語)Would you like some bananas? (賓語)We ch

27、ose him monitor of our class.（賓語補(bǔ)足語）They will meet at the school gate. (定語)The new film will last two hours. (狀語)Mr Smith, my first teacher, died yesterday.(同位語)Boys and girls, please look at the blackboard. (呼語)名詞的句法功能:高考題選：I wrote a letter to show my _ of his thoughtfulness. A. achievement B. agre

28、ement C. attention D. appreciation 2. We all know that _ speaks louder than words. A. movements B. performances C. operations D. action 3. My parents always let me have my own _ of living. A. way B. method C. manner D. fashion 4. The new law will come into _ on the day it is passed. A. effect B. use

29、 C. service D. existence 高考題選：高考題選：5. Youll find this map of great _ in helping you to get round London. A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness 6. Who did you spend last weekend with? -_. A. Palmers B. The Palmers C. The Palmers D. The palmers 7. Ill look into the matter as soon as possible. Just h

30、ave a little _. A. wait B. time C. patience D. rest 8. The number of people invited _ fifty but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were 高考題選：高考題選：9. As a result of destroying the forests a large _ of desert _ covered the land. A. number, h

31、as B. quantity, has C. number, have D. quantity, have 10.Here is my card. Lets keep in _. A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship 11.We have missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi. A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection 12. We have worked out the plan and now w

32、e must put it into _. A. fact B. reality C. practice D. dead 13. How can I repair it? -Well, look at the _. A. explanations B. expressions C. instructions D. introductions 高考題選： Revision of the Articles冠詞復(fù)習(xí)高三英語第一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專題之02 Revision of the Articles高三英1(2005.湖南)I cant remember when exactly the Robinso

33、ns left _ city. I only remember it was _Monday.A. the; the B. a; the C. a; a D. the; a2 (2004.全國) If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 percent off _.A. a price B. price C. the price D. prices說聽雙方均知曉的事物或定指的事物用定冠詞；泛指用不定冠詞考點(diǎn)1考查不定冠詞和定冠詞的基本用法1(2005.湖南)I cant remember whe不定冠詞的特殊考查要點(diǎn)11 (2006.I) Hello, c

34、ould I speak to Mr. Smith?Sorry, wrong number. There isnt _ Mr. Smith here.2 (2004)John, there is _ Mr. Wilson on the phone for you.Im in the bath.A. / B. a C. the D. one1、不定冠詞放在姓名前a certain，意為“某一（個(gè)）”。不定冠詞的特殊考查要點(diǎn)11 (2006.I) Hello,不定冠詞的特殊考查要點(diǎn)2 John had made up his mind to give it up, but on _ second

35、thought he determined to try _ third time.A. /; a B. /; / C. a; a D. the; a 2、不定冠詞放在序數(shù)詞前表“再一，又一”。不定冠詞的特殊考查要點(diǎn)2 John had made up 1 One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain _ good knowledge of basic word formation.A. / B. the C. a D. one2 China first-ever F1 race has proved _ great succe

36、ss. It provides _ platform for Chinese companies to connect with the international market.A. a; a B. /; a C. /; the D. the; the不定冠詞的特殊考查要點(diǎn)33. 抽象名詞具體化和不可數(shù)名詞具體話常加定冠詞a success/failure/shame/surprise/honor/pleasure1 One way to understand thousa1. (2005安徽）After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson _ ride to the

37、 Capital Airport.2. The driver was at _ loss when word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding.A. a; B. / C. the D. one不定冠詞的特殊考查要點(diǎn)44、常用于一些固定搭配中1. (2005安徽）After dinner he gav?？疾欢ü谠~使用搭配a most important tip, a 17th century cottage, have a gift for, a collection of, a world of, give sb. a ride(

38、載某人一程), keep up a good state of mind（處于良好的狀態(tài)或情形), be at a loss, in a mess, a means of, make a living, have a better understanding of, there was a time when., make a discovery, without saying a word, ?？疾欢ü谠~使用搭配a most important tip常考不定冠詞搭配on a second thought, have a break, make a study of, make a stir

39、(產(chǎn)生轟動(dòng)), take/have a walk, all of a sudden, keep it a secret, develop an interest in, in a hurry, pay a visit to, an average of., many a +n(不止一個(gè)）?？疾欢ü谠~搭配on a second thought, h定冠詞的特殊考查要點(diǎn)11 (2005安徽) After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson _ ride to _ Capital Airport.A. the; a B. a; the C. a; / D. the;/ 2 (

40、2004重慶) The most important thing about cotton in history is _ part it played in _ Industrial Revolution.A. /; / B. the; / C. the; the D. a; the1、由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前加定冠詞。the great wall, the WHO等定冠詞的特殊考查要點(diǎn)11 (2005安徽) After di(山東模擬）In China, _ car is becoming _ popular means of transportation.A. the; a B. a;

41、 / C. the; the D. a; the(2004廣東) While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made _ discovery which completely changed _ mans understanding of color.A. a; / B. a; the C. /; the D. the; a 定冠詞的特殊考查要點(diǎn)22、the可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)特指某一類別。注意：man表示“人類”時(shí)只能用單數(shù)，不能加冠詞。(山東模擬）In China, _ car is beWho invente

42、d _ computer?I dont know.A. a B. the C. / D. one定冠詞的特殊考查要點(diǎn)33、發(fā)明創(chuàng)造物前加定冠詞the。Who invented _ computer?定冠（2000北京春）Summer in _ south of France are for _ most part dry.A. /; a B. the; / C. /;/ D. the; the定冠詞的特殊考查要點(diǎn)44、表示方位的名詞前加定冠詞the。但在a town east of Chongqing等結(jié)構(gòu)中方位名詞前不用冠詞。（2000北京春）Summer in _ south oThe c

43、leaning women get paid by _ hour.A. / B. the C. an D. one定冠詞的特殊考查要點(diǎn)55、按.方式的表達(dá)中。get paid by the hour/the day注意：be sold by weight/timeby the +度量衡單位名詞in名詞復(fù)數(shù)by +度量衡名詞The cleaning women get paid byThis is out of _ question an example of an important rule that applies to all machines.Thank you for your ex

44、planation, but it left me none _ wiser.A. the; a B. a; the C. /; the D. a; /定冠詞的特殊考查要點(diǎn)66、在固定短語和搭配中This is out of _ question aknock 10% off the price, on the phone, the same, the former.the latter., break the silence, in the South of China, for the most part(整體上，多半), the Chinese/Japanese/French langu

45、age, the first one, the largest one, the Smiths, none the +比較級(jí)(一點(diǎn)也不比.), the city of London/Shanghai, make the most of, for the moment(暫時(shí)), in the event of.(=in case of), play the piano the sun/moon/universe?？级ü谠~的固定搭配knock 10% off the price, on thFive years ago her brother was _ university student of

46、 _ physics.A. a; the B., an; the C. an; / D. a; /零冠詞的特殊考查要點(diǎn)11、在學(xué)科名詞前不用冠詞。Five years ago her brother was(北京模擬) In face of _ failure, it is the most important to keep up _ good state of mind.A. /; a B. a; / C. the; / D. /; the零冠詞的特殊考查要點(diǎn)22、在專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞前不用冠詞。如：Australia, wool, air, life, love, educat

47、ion, society，failure等等。但注意抽象名詞具體化前加冠詞。(北京模擬) In face of _ failureHe was elected _ president of the USA.Jorge Bush, _ president to the USA, is visiting China.零冠詞的特殊考查要點(diǎn)33、獨(dú)一無二的頭銜、職位名詞作表語，補(bǔ)語或同位語。He was elected _ president 1. _ word comes that China has won the FIFA World cup.A. / B. One C. A D. The2.

48、(廣東) While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, New ton made _ discovery which completely changed _ mans understanding of color.A. a; / B. a; the C. /; / D. the; a零冠詞的特殊考查要點(diǎn)44、word表“消息” man表“人類”前不用冠詞。1. _ word comes that China1. His dream was to turn _ doctor.2. _ child as he is , he

49、knows a lot.A. / B. the C. a D. one零冠詞的特殊考查要點(diǎn)55、turn doctor/teacher turn表當(dāng).名詞前不用冠詞;在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，提前的名詞前無冠詞。Child as he is,.1. His dream was to turn _ (2004年天津) When he left _ college, he got a job as _ report in a newspaper office.A. /; a B. /; the C. a; the D. the; the零冠詞的特殊考查要點(diǎn)64、零冠詞的常見考查短語(2004年天津) When he left _ co零冠詞的?？级陶Zleave school/college, in case of fire, without doubt, by train/bus=in a bus, on foot, take office(就