-ing分詞及其短語在句中的作用

1、-ing分詞及其短語的用途很廣，可以充當(dāng)各種句子（短語）成分。和助動詞be連用，構(gòu)成謂語動詞和不定式動詞的進(jìn)行體和完成進(jìn)行體形式。例如：Tom is working hard.Philip has been working here for five years.Joey is said to be making much progress.Frank claimed to have been working in the laboratory all the time.做主語。例如：Talking mends, no holes.Beating a childwill do more har

2、m than good.-ing分詞短語較長或需要強(qiáng)調(diào)時必須后置，用先行代詞it作形式主語。例如：Its foolish talking like thatIs it worthwhile spending so much money作表語。例如：His speech is inspiringHis hobby is collecting stampsWhat Im doing is teaching him a lesson作賓語：1）動詞賓語。例如：Have you finished writing your boo?Carol acknowledged having been at su

3、ch a meeting作賓語的-ing分詞及其短語可以帶補(bǔ)語，-ing分詞短語較長而賓語補(bǔ)語較短時，可以 用先行代詞it作形式賓語。例如：You must find working hereinteresting.You must find it interesting working here with usI think it worthwhile discussing the question again2）形容詞賓語。能直接用-ing分詞及其短語作賓語的形容詞不多，除worth外都是形容詞和介詞構(gòu)成的短語形容詞。例如：New York is a city worth visiting

4、Dont be afraid of asking for helpIm tired of being treated like a child3）介詞賓語。例如：Granny is a little hard of hearingWe must be good at learning from othersThank you for giving us so much help作補(bǔ)語：1）賓語補(bǔ)語。例如：Can you imagine anyone being so sillyWell keep the machine running.I heard somebody singing in t

5、he next room少數(shù)動詞后作賓語補(bǔ)語的-ing分詞及其短語需用介詞as引導(dǎo)，即介詞短語作狀語表示賓語 補(bǔ)語的關(guān)系。例如：Amanda regards him as being without principlesHow can you describe him as lacking in experience主語補(bǔ)語。例如：Jessica was found sitting at the foot of the bedDarcy is often heard singing that songCarol was seen working alone in the garden少數(shù)動詞后

6、作主語補(bǔ)語的-ing分詞及其短語需用介詞as引導(dǎo)，即用介詞短語作狀語表示主 語補(bǔ)語的關(guān)系。例如：Water can be shown as containing impuritiesJoe is sometimes portrayed as belonging to another world介詞賓語補(bǔ)語。例如：Its very warm with the fire burningAny object may be hot without the motion in it being visibleI didnt know about the weather being so awfulin

7、the area.作定語：前置定語，通常是簡單的-ing分詞，可以起名詞的作用表示被修飾名詞的用途或與之有 關(guān)的動作。例如：a reading lampa sleeping caran opening speechthe freezing point也可以起形容詞的作用表示被修飾名詞的性狀特征。例如：a charming girlan interesting bookan inspiring speechthe exciting news也可以起動詞的作用表示被修飾名詞正在進(jìn)行的動作。例如：boiling watermelting snowthe rising sunfading flower

8、s也可以起動詞的作用表示被修飾名詞的屬性或能力。例如：a flying boata singing birdlaboring peoplethe working class用作前置定語的-ing分詞不能帶賓語、表語或狀語，而必須用構(gòu)詞成分表示，即和名詞、形容詞或副詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞作前置定語。例如：an epoch-makingeventhigh-soundingwords 冠冕堂皇的話the rapidly changingworld后置定語，通常是-ing分詞短語，表示被修飾名詞及其短語的動作，相當(dāng)于一個定語從 句。例如：Student arriving latewill not be perm

9、itted to enter the lecture hall.A person having had dealings with hirmill never forget him.簡單-ing分詞通常前置，但表示動作時必須后置。例如：The man speaking (=who is speaking) is the chairman.There were no soldiers drilling (=who were drilling).少數(shù)-ing分詞在某些習(xí)慣用法中必須后置。例如：Thats the best car goingWe traveled for four days run

10、ning作同位語，補(bǔ)充說明名詞，通常用標(biāo)點符號分開。例如：Tim has only one hobby, collecting stampsHis current research, investigating attitude*。racial stereotypesakes up most of his time.He has devoted his life to one cause： fighting against all political and social injustices作狀語，通常是-ing分詞短語，修飾動詞或整個句子，可以表示多種意義：1）時間，可以用連詞after，

11、 before， since， when， while等引導(dǎo)。例如：Coming here I met an old friend.Robin wrote his greatest novel while working on a freighterHes been different since coming back from America2）原因。例如：Being so excited he did not know what to say.Not knowing what to do telephoned the police.Seeing nobody in the office had to come back.3）方式，可以用連詞as if/as though引導(dǎo)。例如：He ran up to me breathing heavilyBraving winds and snowthey headed for the summit.From time to time Jason turned round as if searching for someone4）伴隨狀況