2022年考研考博-考博英語-東北師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號1

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-東北師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

Inthissection,therearetenEnglishsentences.TranslatethemintoproperChineseandwritetheanswersonyouranswersheet.

IcamebackyesterdayfromHongKongwhereIhadspenttwoweeksvacationafterthecompletionoftheconstructionjobIhadbeeninchargeofinthesouth.

Ashewalkedaway,heturnedforonelastglimpseofherinthedoorway,tinyandsmilingandwavinggood-bye.

I’mlonelyonlywhenIamovertired,whenIhaveworkedtoolongwithoutabreak,whenforthetimebeingIfeelemptyandneedfillingup.

Hiswordsfailedhimforthemoment.

Theatrewillbereinventedandbecomemuchfreerandmoreimaginative.

Greateffortsshouldbemadetoinformyoungpeopleespeciallythedreadfulconsequencesoftakingupthehabit.

Forcountlessagesthesunroseandset,themoonwaxedandwaned,thestarsshoneinthenight,butitwasonlywiththecomingofManthatthesethingswereunderstood.

Manysketchesareinexistenceofpeasantsseatedbytheroadsideandmenandwomenatworkinthefields.

For20yearswewerepassivewitnessestothedeteriorationofpricesofourrawmaterialsandanexcessiveincreaseofthepricesofmanufacturedgoods.

Thestatementdeclaredthattheinternationaleconomicordermustbechangedorthegapbetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountrieswouldcontinuetowiden.

【答案】我在南方負(fù)責(zé)一項工程建設(shè)，任務(wù)完成之后，到香港度了兩個星期的假，昨天剛回來。

當(dāng)他離開吋，他回過頭來看了她最后一眼。只見她站在門口，體態(tài)嬌小，面帶微笑，揮手向他告別。

只有在我過度勞累的吋候，在我長時間不間斷地工作的吋候，在我感到內(nèi)心空虛，需要充實的吋候，我才會感到寂寞。

他一時說不出話來了。

戲劇將脫胎換骨，變得更自由，更富想象力。

應(yīng)該盡最大努力告誡年輕人，特別是上癮后的可怕后果。

太陽升升落落，月亮盈盈虧虧，夜空星光閃爍，無數(shù)歲月就這樣過去了，只是到人類出現(xiàn)以后，這些才被理解。

至今仍保存著許多素描，畫的是坐在路旁的農(nóng)民和在田間勞作的男女。

我們在20年內(nèi)坐視原料價格下跌與工業(yè)品價格暴漲。

聲明宣稱：國際經(jīng)濟秩序必須改變，否則發(fā)達(dá)國家與發(fā)展中國家之間的差距將繼續(xù)擴大。

2.單選題

Themachinelookedlikealarge,（

）,old-fashionedtypewriter.

問題1選項

A.forceful

B.clumsy

C.intense

D.tricky

【答案】B

【解析】句意:這臺機器看上去像一臺又大又笨的老式打字機。

形容詞辨析。Forceful強有力的，有說服力的;clumsy笨拙的(貶義);intense強列的，緊張的;tricky狡猾的，機警的。因此B符合句意。

3.單選題

Awordprocessorismuchbetterthanatypewriterinthatitenablesyoutoenterand（

）yourtextmoreeasily.

問題1選項

A.register

B.edit

C.propose

D.discharge

【答案】B

【解析】句意:文字信息處理機比打字機好得多，因為它能使你更容易地輸入和編輯文本。

動詞辨析。Register登記，注冊;edit編輯，校對;propose建議，打算;discharge排放，解雇。因此B符合句意。

4.單選題

Researchfindingsshowwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatwe（

）duringtheday.

問題1選項

A.shouldhavedone

B.mayhavedone

C.wouldhavedone

D.musthavedone

【答案】B

【解析】句意:研究表明，無論白天做了什么，我們每晚睡覺時都會有兩個小時的時間在做夢。

語法題。考查情態(tài)動詞+havedone。shouldhavedone表示“本該發(fā)生而實際上未發(fā)生”；mayhavedone表示“對過去發(fā)生的行為的一種推測”；wouldhavedone表示“本來會做某事，但實際沒有做成”；musthavedone表示“對過去事情的肯定推測”。故選B。

5.單選題

Mostcharismatic（有魅力的）leadersmakeextensiveuseofanecdotes（趣聞軼事）.Message-sendinganecdotesrelatetosuchsubjectsasacompanypresidentgoingoutofhiswaytohelpanindividualcustomer,oralower-rankingemployeewhodefiedhigherauthorityinordertomeetherjobresponsibilities.Inthelatterinstance,areceptionistatIBMdeniedadmissiontothecompanychairman,TomWatson,becausehewasnotwearingasecuritybadge.Insteadoffiringtheyoungwoman,Watsonpraisedherdevotiontoduty.

Severalyearsago,theFordMotorCompanyannouncedfar-reachingchangesthatwouldaffecthowcarsweremanufacturedandhowemployeeswouldworktogether.AseniorFordexecutivewaschosentodelivertheclosingremarkstoagroupof300Fordmanagersgatheredtolearnaboutthechanges.

Towardthecloseofthespeech,theexecutivetoldastoryaboutWillieB.,agorillawholivedfortwenty-sevenyearsinisolationinadrearyAtlantazoo.Hesaidthathehadraisedmoneyforastate-of-the-artgorillahabitat.WillieB.,forthefirsttimeinhislife,wouldnowliveinagorilla-friendly,close-to-natureenvironment.Yetsomehow,WillieB.wasslowtoadapttohisnewenvironment.

Ittookthegorillaseveraldaystofullyexplorehisnewhabitat.AphotographercaughtthemomentwhenWillieB.testedthegrasswithatoe.TheFordexecutivehangsaframedphotographofthisincidentinhisoffice.“It'sthere,”hesaid,“toremindmethatnomatterhowattractivethenewsurroundingsmightappear,ittakestimeandcouragetoleavethecomfortablesecurityofaplace—evenanuglycramped（狹窄的）space---thatyouknowwell.”

Atthemomentthemeetingended,meetingparticipantscameovertothespeakertoexpresshowmuchthespeechhadtouchedthem.Thestoryaboutthegorillabroughttearstotheeyesofmany.Ofsignificancetotheorganization,manyprobablylefttheconferencewithanunderstandingofhowdifficultthecoiningchangesweregoingtobeforemployees.

Becominganeffectivestorytellerrequirespractice.However,theskilliswellworthdevelopingbecauseofitscontributiontoaperson’smagnetismandleadershipability.Createausefulanecdotefileofyourown.Collectanecdotesaboutthingsyouobservepersonally,thoseyouhearfromothers,andthoseyoureadinbooks,magazines,andnewsletters.Anecdotescanalsobefoundinbooksandnewslettersaboutspeechmaking.Attempttoscreenoutthoseanecdotesthatarewidelyusedbecausestaleanecdotesboreaudiences.

1.WhydidTomWatsonpraisethefemaleemployeeinthesecondexamplecitedinthefirstparagraph?

2.ThelifeofWillieB.usedtobe（

）.

3.ThestoryofWillieB.showsthat

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

5.WecansafelyconcludefromthepassagethattheFordseniorexecutive（

）.

問題1選項

A.Becauseshealwaysreceivesthecompanychairmanwarmly.

B.Becauseshedefied,lower-rankingemployees.

C.Becauseshewasaresponsibleemployee.

D.Becausesheneverforgetstowearasecuritybadge.

問題2選項

A.interesting

B.morecomfortable

C.closetonature

D.isolated

問題3選項

A.ittakestimeandcouragetofaceandadapttoanewenvironment

B.animalsarequitereluctanttochangetheirhabitats

C.WillieB.likestotestgrasswithonetoe

D.peoplearealwaysreadytomeetthedifficultiesresultingfromchanges

問題4選項

A.Manyacharismaticleadertendstomakethemostofanecdotesandstories.

B.Itisalwaysagoodideatocollectanecdotesthatarewidelyused.

C.Personalmagnetismisbuiltupbyreadingbooks,magazinesandnewsletters.

D.Tobecomeaneffectivestory-telleronehasonlytocreateausefulanecdotefile.

問題5選項

A.wasaneffectiveleaderwhoalwaystoldstoriestohisemployees

B.wasapersonwhooftencitedwidely-usedanecdotestoinfluenceothers

C.wasabletohelpmeetingparticipantsunderstandthecomingchangesbetter

D.alwaysusedanecdotestohelpemployeesunderstandcompanypolicies

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第一段第二句指出:...alower-rankingemployeewhodefiedhigherauthorityinordertomeetherjobresponsibilities(一個低職位員工違抗高級別領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，是為了履行其工作職貴),由此可知答案選C“因為她是一個有責(zé)任心的員工”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第三段指出:...agorillawholivedfortwenty-sevenyearsinisolationinadrearyAtlantazoo(在亞特蘭大一個被隔離且沉悶的動物園內(nèi)生活27年的大猩猩),可知D項“隔離的”正確。

3.判斷推理題。第四段:nomatterhowattractivethenewsurroundingsmightappear,ittakestimeandcouragetoleavethecomfortablesecurityofaplace(無論新環(huán)境多么有吸引力，都得花時間，且需要勇氣離開舒適安全的地方)。由此可知選A項“面對與適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境是花時間且需要勇氣的”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Mostcharismaticleadersmakeextensiveuseofanecdotes(大部分有魅力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都懂得充分利用軼事)推斷A項“許多有魅力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)會充分利用各類奇聞軼事與故事”正確。根據(jù)文章最后一句話Attempttoscreenoutthoseanecdotesthatarewidelyusedbecausestaleanecdotesboreaudiences(盡量排除那些被廣泛引用的軼事，因為它們會讓聽眾感到乏味)推斷B“收集被廣泛運用的軼事是一個很不錯的主意”與原文不符。根據(jù)文章最后一段的theskilliswellworthdevelopingbecauseofitscontributiontoaperson’smagnetismandleadershipability(這項技能是非常值得學(xué)習(xí)的，因為它能幫助打造個人魅力和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能)推斷C項“通過閱讀書籍、雜志和時事新聞，可以打造個人魅力”與原文不符。文章并沒有說要想成為一個高效的講故事者，只需制作一個有用的奇聞軼事記錄冊。故D項沒有根據(jù)。因此選A。

5.判斷推理題。第二段指出:manyprobablylefttheconferencewithanunderstandingofhowdifficultthecomingchangesweregoingtobeforemployees(在離會時很多人可能都了解了接下來的改變對員工來說意味著多大的困難),因此C項“能夠幫助與會人員更好理解即將到來的變化”正確。而A項“是個高效率的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，且習(xí)慣于向員工講故事”和B項“是個經(jīng)常喜歡引經(jīng)據(jù)典影響他人的人”在原文中并沒有體現(xiàn)。D項“習(xí)慣于引經(jīng)據(jù)典幫助員工理解公司政策的人”,文章中也找不到根據(jù)。

6.單選題

“Congratulations,Mr.Jones,it’sagirl.”

Fatherhoodisgoingtohaveadifferentmeaningandbringforthadifferentresponsefromeverymanwhohearsthesewords.Somefeelpridewhentheyreceivethenews,whileothersworry,wonderingwhethertheywillbegoodfathers.Althoughtherearesomemenwholikechildrenandmayhavehadconsiderableexperiencewiththem,othersdonotparticularlycareforchildrenandspendlittletimewiththem.Manyfathersandmothershavebeenplanningandlookingforwardtochildrenforsometime.Forothercouples,pregnancywasanaccidentthatbothhusbandandwifehaveacceptedwillinglyorunwillingly.

Whateverthereactiontothebirthofachild,itisobviousthattheshiftfromtheroleofhusbandtothatoffatherisadifficulttask.Yet,unfortunately,fewattemptshavebeenmadetoeducatefathersinthisreconciliationprocess.AlthoughnumerousbookshavebeenwrittenaboutAmericanmothers,onlyrecentlyhasliteraturefocusedontheroleoffathers.

Itisarguedbysomewritersthatthechangetothefather’srole,althoughdifficult,isnotnearlyasgreatasthechangethewifemusttaketothemother’srole.Themother’sroleseemstorequireacompletetransformationindailyroutineandhighlyinnovativeadaptation.Ontheotherhand,thefather’sroleislessdemandingandimmediate.However,eventhoughwementionedthefactthatgrowingnumbersofwomenareworkingoutsidethehome,thefatherisstillthoughtbymanyasthebreadwinnerinthehousehold.

1.Fromthepassage,welearnthatfatherhood（

）.

2.Whatdoesthepassagesayabouttheshiftfromtheroleofhusbandtothatoffather?

3.Thepassageindicatesthat

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthormostprobablydisagreewith?

5.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageisto（

）.

問題1選項

A.bringsafeelingofexcitementtomostmen

B.makessomemenfeelproudandothersuneasy

C.hasadifferentmeaningformenwhohavedaughters

D.meansaresponsibilitythatmenacceptunwillingly

問題2選項

A.Numerousbookshavebeenwrittenaboutit

B.Notenoughattentionhasbeenpaidtoit

C.Theshiftisharderformenthanforwomen

D.Theshiftisadifficultbutincompleteone

問題3選項

A.mothersgetmoreattentionandrecognitionfromsociety

B.mothersareinnovativeanddemandingaccordingtosomewriters

C.mothersgenerallystayathometotakecareofthechildren

D.mothersshouldhelpfathersintheirreconciliationprocess

問題4選項

A.It’sasdifficulttobeafatherasitistobeamother

B.Morebooksshouldfocusontheroleoffathers

C.Thefatherisstillthebreadwinnerinthehousehold

D.Fathersareasimportanttochildrenasmothers

問題5選項

A.explainwhytherearefewbooksontheroleoffathers.

B.praisemothersfortheirgreatcontributionstothehome.

C.criticizefathersfornottakingenoughresponsibilityinbringingupthechildren.

D.complainaboutthelackofsocialprogramstohelpfathersintheirroleshift.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。當(dāng)不同的男性聽到“父親”這個詞時，都會有不同的反應(yīng)。有些人覺得驕倣，有些人擔(dān)憂。故選B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。A:很多書籍寫到相關(guān)內(nèi)容。實際上第三段提及大量書籍寫到關(guān)于母親角色的轉(zhuǎn)變,而非父親，故排除。B:不太關(guān)注。文章倒數(shù)第二段指出:Yet,unfortunately,fewattemptshavebeenmadetoeducatefathersinthisreconciliationprocess(然而，人們往往不太關(guān)注在這個調(diào)節(jié)過程當(dāng)中教育父親)。因此B項正確。C:角色轉(zhuǎn)變對于男性而言更難。第四段指出:Itisarguedbysomewritersthatthechangetothefather'srole,althoughdifficult,isnotnearlyasgreatasthechangethewifemusttaketothemothersrole(—些作家認(rèn)為父親角色的轉(zhuǎn)變，盡管困難，但是不會有妻子的的角色轉(zhuǎn)變困難，妻子必須承接母親這一角色)。因此C錯誤。D:角色轉(zhuǎn)變是困難，且不完全的。文章未提及。

3.判斷推理題。A:母親能得到社會更多的關(guān)注和認(rèn)可。B:一些作者認(rèn)為，母親有創(chuàng)造性且髙要求。最后一段指出:Themother'sroleseemstorequireacompletetransformationindailyroutineandhighlyinnovativeadaptation(母親的角色似乎需要在日常生活中完全轉(zhuǎn)變，且有高度革新的適應(yīng)性),B項和原文有出入。C:母親一般待在家里照顧孩子。最后一段指出:wementionedthefactthatgrowingnumbersofwomenareworkingoutsidethehome(我們提及越來越多的女性在外工作),故C錯誤。D:母親應(yīng)該在這個轉(zhuǎn)變過程當(dāng)中幫助父親,文章并未提及。結(jié)合全文可知,A正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。A:成為母親和成為父親一樣難。第四段指出:Itisarguedbysomewritersthatthechangetothefather'srole,althoughdifficult,isnotnearlyasgreatasthechangethewifemusttaketothemothersrole(一些作家認(rèn)為，父親角色的改變雖然困難，但是不會有妻子的角色轉(zhuǎn)變困難，妻子必須承接母親這一角色)。故本題選A。

5.作者意圖題。A:解釋為什么那么少的書籍寫關(guān)于父親的角色。B:贊揚母親對于家的巨大貢獻。C:批評父親在養(yǎng)育孩子上沒有承擔(dān)足夠的責(zé)任。D:抱怨社會項目在在幫助父親角色轉(zhuǎn)變上的缺乏。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知,本題選D。

7.單選題

The352kilometer-longThamesisthelongestriverinEngland.ItisalittlerivercomparedtheNile,Amazon,orMississippi.Yet,theThameshasbeenuniqueinshapingthehistoryofEngland.

WhentheNormansconqueredEngland,therewereonlymarshybanksalongtheThames.Likethepeoplewhohadbeenlivingalongtheriver,theyusedtheThamesashighwayandbuiltthecityLondiniumonitsnorthbank.

TodaytheThamesmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Itis,forexample,a“sportingriver”torowers,butaworkingriverformenofcommerce.AndpaintersandwritersregardtheThamesasasourceofinspiration.

WhilebeingagreatbenefittoLondonandLondoners,theThamescapbeadangerousenemy.Chiefamongitsdangersisflooding.Topreventtheriverfromflooding,theworld’slargestmovablefloodbarrierwasbuiltin1972.Thebarrier’sgatescanstandeighteenmetersabovetheriver’ssurfacewhenafloodstrikes.

Rightnowlargeofficebuildings,skyscrapersandartandrecreationcomplexesarerisingtochangetheskylineofLondon.TheThameshasneverceasedtodevelop,anditwillcontinuetoplayanimportantpartinthelifeofLondoners.

1.TheauthordoesnotsaythattheThamesisagreatbenefitto（

）.

2.TheThamesis

（

）

theNile,Amazon,orMississippi.

3.TopreventtheThamesfromflooding,theLondonersbuilt

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementssupportstheideathattheThamesisofgreatimportancetothelifeofLondoners?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

問題1選項

A.rowers

B.businessmen

C.writers

D.farmers

問題2選項

A.longerthan

B.aslongal

C.shorterthan

D.notshorterthan

問題3選項

A.hydraulicmachines

B.amovablefloodbarrier

C.asteelgatebetweenconcretepiers

D.athickstonewellintheriver

問題4選項

A.TheThamesmeansdifferentthingstoDifferentpeople

B.TheThamesgivesstrengthtomanygreatpaintersandwriters

C.TheThamesmirrorstheebbandflowofLondon

D.TheThamesisthelongestriverinEngland

問題5選項

A.TheThamesusedtobedeveloped

B.TheThamesfloodssometimes

C.TheNormansbuiltthecityLondinium

D.PaintersdrawtheirinspirationfromtheThames

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。文章關(guān)于泰晤士河給哪些人帶來利益的描述在第三段:Itis,forexample,a“sportingriver”torowers,butaworkingriverformenofcommerce.AndpaintersandwritersregardtheThamesasasourceofinspiration(例如，對于劃手來說，這是一條“運動之河”，但對于商業(yè)人士來說，這是一條工作之河。畫家和作家認(rèn)為泰晤士河是靈感的源泉)。因此四個選項中,泰晤士沒有帶來利益的是D項“農(nóng)民”。

2.判斷推理題。第一段將泰晤士河,尼羅河,亞馬遜河和密西西比河做了比較:itisalittlerivercomparedtheNile,Amazon,orMississippi(對比尼羅河,亞馬遜河和密西西比河,泰晤士河只能算作一條小河流)。由此推斷泰晤士河短一些。故選C項。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文中第四段提到“topreventtheriverfromflooding,theworld'slargestmovablefloodbarrierwasbuiltin1972”，可知為了防止洪水的爆發(fā)，1972年建立了世界上最大的移動式防洪屏障。答案為B。

4.主旨大意題。文章第二段講了泰晤士河見證了倫敦的衰落，文中最后一段講了現(xiàn)在倫敦建立了高樓大廈以及倫敦的變化，可見泰晤士河見證了倫敦的衰落。C項“泰晤士河見證了倫敦的起伏”比較能概括全文

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。四個選項為:A:泰晤士河曾經(jīng)是繁榮的,錯誤,第二段說泰晤士河以前旁邊只有沼澤河岸。

8.單選題

Wehave（

）thesystemofexploitationofmanbyman.

問題1選項

A.canceled

B.abolished

C.refused

D.rejected

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我們己經(jīng)廢除了人剝削人的制度。

動詞辨析。Cancel取消，刪除;abolish廢除（一種制度，形式）;refuse拒絕；reject抵制，排斥.。因此B符合句意。

9.翻譯題

PleasetranslatethefollowingtenEnglishsentencesintoChinese.

Withahistoryofmorethan5,000years,Chinaisoneoftheoldestancientcivilizationsoftheworld.

Chinawasdividedforshortperiodsofitshistory,withdifferentregionsbeingruledbydifferentgroups.

FromXiaDynastyinthe21stcenturyBCtoQingDynasty,Chinaexperienceddozensofdynastiesinhistory.

Eachdynastyachieveduniqueaccomplishmentsinthefieldsofpolities,economy,culture,scienceandtechnology,etc.

HanDynastywasthemostadvancedempireatthattime,whichcontributestotheformationofthename“theHanNationality”.

TangDynastyimpressedChineseforitslongtimeunificationandpowerfulnationalstrength,becauseofwhichoverseasChinesecallthemselves“Tangpeople”abroad.

SongDynastyandMingDynastywereperiodswheneconomy,culture,educationandsciencewerehighlyprosperous.

Butthechangefromonedynastytoanotherusuallyledtolong-lastingwars,whichbroughtunspeakablesufferingforthemasses.

On1October1949,MaoZedongproclaimedthePeople’sRepublicofChina.

MaoistthoughtwaswidelyappliedastheguidingpoliticalandmilitaryideologyoftheCommunistPartyofChina.

【答案】中國有5000多年的歷史，是世界最古老的文明之一。

歷史上，中國在短期內(nèi)被劃分為多個部分，并且不同的區(qū)域由不同的群體管轄。

從公元前21世紀(jì)的夏朝開始至清朝結(jié)束，中國歷史上經(jīng)歷過幾十個朝代的變更。

每個朝代在政治、經(jīng)濟、文化和科學(xué)技術(shù)等領(lǐng)域都有獨特的成就。

漢朝是當(dāng)時世界上最先進的帝國,“漢族”這一名稱就得名于漢朝。

唐朝因統(tǒng)一時間長、國力強盛而被國人銘記，因此在海外的中國人自稱為“唐人”。

宋朝和明朝是經(jīng)濟、文化、教育與科學(xué)高度繁榮的時代。

但朝代的更替一般會導(dǎo)致連年戰(zhàn)爭，給人民大眾帶來了難以言表的痛苦。

1949年10月1曰，毛澤東宣布中華人民共和國的成立。

毛澤東思想作為中國共產(chǎn)黨的政治和軍事指導(dǎo)思想被廣泛應(yīng)用。

10.單選題

Auctionsarepublicsalesofgoods,conductedbyanofficiallyapprovedauctioneer.Heorsheaskstheassembledcrowdintheauction-roomtomakeoffers,or“bids”，forthevariousitemsonsale.Heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfigures,andfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods.Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoods.Forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronatableatwhichhestands.Thisisoftensetonaraisedplatformcalledarostrum.

TheancientRomansprobablyinventedsalesbyauction,andtheEnglishwordcomesfromtheLatinauction,meaning“increase”.TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar;thesesaleswerecalled“subbasra,”meaning“underthespear”，aspearbeingstuckinthegroundasasignalforacrowdtogather.Intheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesgoodswereoftensold“bythecandle”，ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneer;andbidscouldbemadewhileitstayedalight.

Anauctionisusuallyadvertisedbeforehandwithfullparticularsofthearticlestobesoldandwhereandwhentheycanbeviewedbypossiblebuyers.Iftheadvertisementcannotgivefulldetails,cataloguesareprinted,andeachgroupofgoodstobesoldtogether,calleda“l(fā)ot”isusuallygivenanumber.TheauctioneerneednotbeginwithLot1andcontinueinnumericalorder.Hemaywaituntilheregistersthefactthatcertaindealersareintheroomandthenproducethelotstheyarelikelytobeinterestedin.Theauctioneer'sservicesarepaidforintheformofapercentageofthepricethegoodsaresoldfor.Theauctioneerthereforehasadirectinterestinpushingupthebiddingashighaspossible.

Practicallyallgoodswhosequalitiesvaryaresoldbyauction.Amongthesearecoffee,hides,skins,wool,tea,cocoa,furs,spices,fruitandvegetablesandwines.Auctionsalesarealsousualforlandandproperty,antique,furniture,pictures,rarebooks,oldchinaandsimilarworksofart.TheauctionroomsatChristie’sandSotheby’sinLondonandNewYorkareworldfamous.

1.Auctionedgoodsaresold（

）.

2.Theendofthebiddingiscalled“knockingdown”because

（

）.

3.TheRomansusedtosell

（

）

byauction.

4.Acandleusedtobumatauctionsales

（

）.

5.Theauctioneermaydecidetoselltheoutoforderbecause（

）.

問題1選項

A.forthehighestpriceoffered

B.onlyatfixedprices

C.atapricelessthantheirtruevalue

D.verycheaply

問題2選項

A.theauctioneerknocksthebuyerdow

B.theauctioneerknockstherostrumdown

C.thegoodsareknockeddownontothetable

D.theauctioneerbangsthetablewithahammer

問題3選項

A.spoilgoods

B.propertytakenfromtheenemy

C.oldworn-outweapons

D.spears

問題4選項

A.becausetheytookplaceatnight

B.asasignalforthecrowdtogether

C.tolimitthetimewhenofferscouldbemade

D.tokeeptheauctioneerwarm

問題5選項

A.hesometimeswantstoconfusethebuyers.

B.heknowfromexperiencethatcertainpeoplewillwanttobuycertainitems.

C.hewantstokeepcertainpeoplewaiting.

D.hewantstoreducethenumber.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第一段:Heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfigures,andfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods(他鼓勵買者給出更高的價錢，最后選定出價最高的這位買。由此可知拍賣品以最高價賣出。故選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“knockingdown”定位至第一段:Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoods.“這就是‘成交’”和第五句Forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronatableatwhichhestands(因為當(dāng)拍賣師用一個錘子敲擊他面前的小桌子時，拍賣結(jié)束)。因此D項“因為拍賣師會用一個錘子敲擊桌子”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第二段說明了古羅馬人所拍賣物品:TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar(羅馬人通常用這種方法出售戰(zhàn)利品)。故選A“繳獲物品，獎品”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneer;andbidscouldbemadewhileitstayedalight(拍賣師會點燃一根短蠟燭，在蠟燭燃燒的吋候進行拍賣活動)。因此選C“限制拍賣會競價吋間”。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Lots定位至第三段:TheauctioneerneednotbeginwithLot1andcontinueinnumericalorder,Hemaywaituntilheregistersthefactthatcertaindealersareintheroom(拍賣師不需要從第一個序號開始然后按照順序來,在拍賣師會在確定對商品感興趣的買家到來之后才開始拍賣)。故選B“拍賣師可以依據(jù)經(jīng)驗知道某些買家想購買哪些物品”。

11.單選題

Youshouldhavebeenmorepatient（

）thatcustomer;I’msurethatsellinghimthewatchwasapossibility.

問題1選項

A.of

B.with

C.for

D.at

【答案】B

【解析】句意:你應(yīng)該要對那位顧客更加耐心一些的，我相信他最終一定會買那塊表。

固定搭配。bepatientwith對…有耐心。

12.單選題

Don’tbothertoarrangeameal,becausewehavejusthadlunchandabletoeatanything（

）

問題1選項

A.neitherhenorIare

B.neitherhenorIis

C.neitherInorheis

D.neitherhenorIam

【答案】D

【解析】句意:不用費心再安排一頓飯了，我們剛吃過午飯，我們都吃不下了。

語法題。考查主謂一致。neither..nor..，either...or..,notonly...butalso...都是就近原則，也就是謂語動詞和最近的主語保持?jǐn)?shù)或者謂語動詞的一致，故排除A項和B項。英語中同時有第三人稱和第一人稱時,一般第一人稱放后面,故選D。

13.單選題

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritermayloseobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoul---thequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking，sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking'sbiography—notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.

Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses:tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.

Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographersoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theyattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.

Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountis“authentic”one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis“authorized”bythesubject.Thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation.“Unauthorized”biographersalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.Inbookpromotions,the“unauthorized”characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral“authentic”ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotell“the”storyofalife,perhapsnoteventhesubject,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,anidealbiographerwouldbeonewho（

）.

2.TheauthorcitesthebiographiesofJesusintheBibleinordertoshowthat

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothepassage?

4.Anunauthorizedbiographyislikelytoattractmorereadersbecause

（

）.

5.Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson（

）.

問題1選項

A.knowsthesubjectverywellandyetmaintainsaproperdistancefromhim

B.isclosetothesubjectandknowsthetechniquesofbiographywriting

C.isindependentandknowsthetechniquesofbiographywriting

D.possessesspecialprivateinformationandissympathetictowardthesubject

問題2選項

A.thebestbiographiesaremeanttotransformtheirreaders

B.biographiesareauthenticaccountsoftheirsubjects’lives

C.thebestbiographiesarethoseofheroesandfamousfigures

D.biographiescanseverdifferentpurposes

問題3選項

A.Anauthenticbiographyseldomappealstoitsreaders.

B.Anauthenticbiographyisoneauthorizedbythesubject

C.Noonecanwriteaperfectbiography.

D.Authorizedbiographieshaveawiderreadership.

問題4選項

A.itportraysthesubjectbothfaithfullyandvividly

B.itcontainsinterestinginformationaboutthesubject’sprivatelife

C.itrevealsalotofaccuratedetailsunknowntotheoutsiders

D.itusuallygivesasympatheticdescriptionofthesubject’scharacter

問題5選項

A.thedifficultyofabiographerinfindingtheproperperspectivetodohisjob

B.thesecretofabiographertowinmorereaders

C.thetechniquesrequiredofabiographertowriteagoodbiography

D.thecharacteristicsofdifferentkindsofbiographies

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章首句指出:Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject(傳記作家必須與主人公保持適當(dāng)距離，并要時常調(diào)整與主人公之間的距離).故選A“既要比較了解，又要保持一定距離”。

2.判斷推理題。題干關(guān)鍵詞ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBible前面所在句為:Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographersoftenrevealademocraticmotive(當(dāng)主人公是英雄或著名人物吋，傳記作者常常會流露出民主的動機)以及Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus(其它一些傳記則有意要改變我們)。可知選擇D“傳記可以有不同的目的”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知傳記作家和主人公的關(guān)系太近太遠(yuǎn)都不好;第二段第一句指出:Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask(要完成這一任務(wù)，沒有最佳位罝);最后一段最后一句:Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotell“the”storyofalife(我們直覺地意識到?jīng)]有人能夠講述完整的人生故事)。故選C“沒人能寫出完美傳記”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。最后一段指出:the“unauthorized”characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress(未經(jīng)授權(quán)的傳記通常意味著讀者有可能從中讀到主人公不希望公之于眾的刺激的八卦消息),因此選B“包含有關(guān)主人公私生活的有趣的信息”。

5.主旨大意題。文章指出:傳記作家在與主人公關(guān)系太近太遠(yuǎn)都不好。無論傳記作者如何描述，都不能完完全全展示人物的真實生活。因此選A“傳記作者很難選準(zhǔn)最佳角度去寫作”。

14.單選題

Theboyhasadmittedto（

）thewindowwhileplayingfootballyesterday.

問題1選項

A.breaking

B.havingbeenbroken

C.break

D.bebreaking

【答案】A

【解析】句意:那個男孩承認(rèn)在昨天踢足球的時候打破了窗子。

語法題?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。admitto中的to是介詞，后接動詞吋需用-ing形式,排除