2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國財(cái)政科學(xué)研究院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)94

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國財(cái)政科學(xué)研究院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

______thatasbothbirdsandmammalsbecomelarger,theirmetabolicratesperunitoftissuedecrease,andtheygenerallylivelonger.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thetruth

B.Itistrue

C.Iftrue

D.Tobetrue

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定句型。句意：的確，隨著鳥類和哺乳動(dòng)物的體型變大，它們每單位組織的代謝率會(huì)下降，它們通常會(huì)活得更長。Itis/was+adj.+that是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，It作形式主語，真正主語是that后面的內(nèi)容，B選項(xiàng)Itistrue符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

ExplorationoftheSolarSystemiscontinuing,andatthepresentrateofprogressalltheplanets______withinthenext50years.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willhavebeencontacted

B.willhavecontacted

C.willbecontacted

D.willcontact

【答案】A

【解析】考查將來完成時(shí)。句意：對(duì)太陽系的探索仍在繼續(xù)，以目前的速度，我們將在未來50年內(nèi)與所有行星取得聯(lián)系。根據(jù)語境，可知這個(gè)句子的時(shí)態(tài)是將來完成時(shí)，在這里表示在將來某一時(shí)間一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作，其結(jié)構(gòu)是will（第二、三人稱）+have+過去分詞（done），A選項(xiàng)willhavebeencontacted符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

ThesculpturallegacythatnewUnitedStates______itscolonialpredecessorswasfarfromarichone,andinfact,in1776sculpturesasanartformwasstillinthehandsofartisansandcraftspeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inheritedfrom

B.inheritedin

C.adaptedto

D.adoptedto

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)inheritedfrom“從……繼承……”；B選項(xiàng)inheritedin非固定搭配；C選項(xiàng)adaptedto“適應(yīng)于”；D選項(xiàng)adoptedto“采用”。句意：新美洲從其殖民前輩那里______的雕塑遺產(chǎn)遠(yuǎn)不是豐富的，事實(shí)上，在1776年，雕塑作為一種藝術(shù)形式仍然在工匠和手藝人手中。根據(jù)語境，A選項(xiàng)inheritedfrom“從……繼承……”搭配legacy“遺產(chǎn)”比較合理，意指從先輩那里繼承的雕塑藝術(shù)遺產(chǎn)，符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

TheUnitedStatesFoodandDragAdministrationhasshownitselftobeparticularlywarywithregardtoalleged“miracle”drugsinrecentyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bellicose

B.exhausted

C.cautious

D.strange

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)bellicose“好戰(zhàn)的”；B選項(xiàng)exhausted“精疲力竭的”；C選項(xiàng)cautious“謹(jǐn)慎的”；D選項(xiàng)strange“奇怪的”。句意：近年來，美國食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局對(duì)所謂的神藥的態(tài)度開始特別謹(jǐn)慎。根據(jù)語境，C選項(xiàng)cautious“謹(jǐn)慎的”比較符合對(duì)miracledrugs“神藥”的態(tài)度，和wary“謹(jǐn)慎的”同義，符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.翻譯題

41.我們必須全面深化改革，以釋放市場(chǎng)活力對(duì)沖經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力。

42.盡管財(cái)政收入增速放緩，支出壓力加大，但我們要堅(jiān)持以人為本，持續(xù)增加民生投入。

43.在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、公共事業(yè)等領(lǐng)域，應(yīng)積極推廣政府和社會(huì)資本合作模式。

44.我們要全面推進(jìn)依法治國，加快建設(shè)法治政府、創(chuàng)新政府、廉潔政府和服務(wù)型政府。

45.中國節(jié)能環(huán)保市場(chǎng)潛力巨大，它可以成為新興的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。

【答案】41.Inordertoinvigoratethemarkettooffsetdownwardeconomicpressure,wemustcomprehensivelydeepenreform.

42.Despitetheslowdowninthegrowthofgovernmentrevenueandincreasedpressureonexpenditures,wemustcontinuetoputpeoplefirst,sustainingincreasestospendinginareasthatareimportanttoimprovingstandardsofliving.

43.EffortsshouldbemadetopromotePublic-Private-Partnershipininfrastructure,publicutilitiesandotherareas.

44.Wewillfullypromotethelaw-basedgovernanceofthecountry;movemoreswiftlytobuildaninnovative,clean,service-orientedruleoflawgovernment.

45.ThereisenormouspotentialinChina’smarketforenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotection;energyconservationandenvironmentalprotectionindustrycandevelopintoanewpillaroftheeconomy.

6.單選題

Mostcellsaretransparent—inotherwords,theyarenotverygoodatreflectingorabsorbinglight.Tolookatthemunderamicroscopethusrequirestrickery.Manyofthesetrickskillthecells,andeventhosethatkeepthemalivelookonlyatslicesthrougheachcell,ratherthanseeingthewholethinginthreedimensions.MichaelFeld,oftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,andhiscolleagues,thinktheycanchangethat.Theyhaveinventedawaytolookatcellsthatarestillalive.Moreover,theycandosointhreedimensions.Theirmethodiscalledtomographicphasemicroscopy,anditisreportedinthisweek’sNatureMethods.Insteadofrelyingonabsorbedorreflectedlight,Dr.Feld’stechniquecelebratestransparencybylookingatlightthatgetsthroughunaltered.Itdoessobymeasuringapropertycalledtherefractiveindex.

Thisindexmeasuresthespeedoflightinamaterial.(Lightzipsalongattheactual“speedoflight”,fasterthanwhichnothingcango,onlywhenitistravellingthroughavacuum.)Thedifferentcomponentsofacell,thoughtransparent,havedifferentrefractiveindices.Dr.Feldandhisteamthereforesetouttomapwhatthesedifferencesare,withaviewtousingthemtodistinguishbetweencellularcomponents.

Tomeasuretherefractiveindicesofdifferentpartsofacelltheyuseatechniquecalledinterferometry,whichinvolvessplittingabeamoflightintwo.Onehalf,knownastheobjectbeam,passesthroughthecell;theotherisdirectedalongadifferentpathandactasareference.Thelengthofthereferencepathissuchthatifnosampleispresent,thetwodaughterbeamswillbeasperfectlyinphasewhentheymeetastheywerewhentheywereseparated.Thecrestsandthetroughsoftheirwaveswillreinforceeachother,andtheresultwillbebrightness.Themorethatthelightpassingthroughthesampleissloweddown,however,themorethetwobeamswillbeoutofphase.Crestwillfallontrough,andtheresultwillbedarkness.ItisthisphaseshiftthatgivesDr.Feld’snewformofmicroscopyitsname.

Asinglepairofbeamsdoesnot,however,produceausefulimage.Todothatrequiresscanningtheobjectbeamthroughthetargetaboutahundreddifferentways.Fromtherefractiveindexofeachpathitispossible—withtheapplicationofsomesuitablycrunchycomputingpower—toproduceathree-dimensionalimage.

Totesthisidea,Dr.Feldlookedatcervical-cancercells.Ifyouidentifythiscancerearly,thepatientwillprobablysurvive.Missit,andhe/shewilldie.Dr.Feldwonderedifthechangesthatoccurduringcancerwouldshowupusinghisnewmethod.Theydid,inapartofthecellcalledthenucleolus.Thisistheplacewherethecomponentsofproteinfactoriesaremade.Sincecancercellsgrowrapidly,andthushaveahighdemandforproteins,itwasalikelyplacetoexpectchanges.

Dr.Feldalsohasplanstousebeamsofdifferentcolors,sinceeachcolorhasaslightlydifferentrefractiveindexinagivenmaterial.Thatwouldprovideextradataforthecomputertochewon,andprobablyresultinbetterpictures.Withenoughpictures,Dr.Feld’stechniquemaymakebiologyastransparentasthecellsitstudies.

31.Tomographicphasemicroscopyisdifferentfromtheothertricksthatlookatcellsinthat________.

32.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEofthespeedoflightinmaterials?

33.Theresultofdarknessinthetechniqueofinterferometryimpliesthat________.

34.Dr.Feld’smethodcouldbeappliedintoidentifyingcancerearlyby________.

35.Thebesttitleifthepassagecouldbe________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thelightthatgetsthroughthecellsisunalteredintomographicphasemicroscopy

B.itdoesnotrequirethetrickerytokillcells

C.itisnotdependentonabsorbedorreflectedlight

D.itcouldseeallthecomponentsofthecellsfromthreedimensions

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Lightrunsthefastestwhenitpassesthroughtransparentmaterialsintherealworld.

B.Thespeedoflightcanonlybepreciselymeasuredwhenthelightistravellinginvacuum.

C.Thespeedoflightinanymaterialisslowerthantheactual“speedoflight”.

D.Thespeedoflightshiftswhenthelighttravelsthroughdifferentcells.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thereisnolightpassingthroughthesample

B.therefractiveindexofthesampleisverygreat

C.thespeedofthelightpassingthroughthesampleisveryslow

D.thetwodaughterbeamsweakeneachother

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.detectingchangesofrefractiveindicesinthecomponentsofproteinfactories

B.findingoutthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinsomepartsofthecervical-cancercells

C.examiningthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinthenucleolus

D.identifyingthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinpartofthenucleolusofthecancercells

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ImageoftheTransparentCells

B.NewTechniqueofCelebratingTransparency

C.RefractiveIndicesoftheTransparentCells

D.NewMethodofDetectingCancerCells

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】31.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句Insteadofrelyingonabsorbedorreflectedlight,Dr.Feld’stechnique…（費(fèi)爾德博士的技術(shù)不依賴于吸收光或反射光），可知層析相顯微鏡技術(shù)最獨(dú)特的地方在于C選項(xiàng)“不依賴于吸收或反射光”，所以C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“通過細(xì)胞的光在層析相顯微鏡中是不變的”：根據(jù)第三段第一句Tomeasuretherefractiveindicesofdifferentpartsofacell…whichinvolvessplittingabeamoflightintwo.（為了測(cè)量細(xì)胞不同部分的折射率……這種技術(shù)包括將一束光一分為二。），可知在層析相顯微鏡技術(shù)中，通過細(xì)胞的光會(huì)變化，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“不需要技巧來殺死細(xì)胞”：根據(jù)第一段第三句Manyofthesetrickskillthecells,andeventhosethatkeepthemalivelookonlyatslicesthrougheachcell（許多這樣的把戲殺死了細(xì)胞，甚至那些使細(xì)胞存活的把戲也只能看到每個(gè)細(xì)胞的切片），可知不是殺死細(xì)胞才能觀察，而是在觀察的過程中殺死了細(xì)胞，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“它可以從三維空間看到細(xì)胞的所有組成部分”：文中沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

32.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Lightzipsalongattheactual“speedoflight”,fasterthanwhichnothingcango,onlywhenitistravellingthroughavacuum.（只有在真空中，光以實(shí)際的“光速”移動(dòng)，才能超過任何物體的速度。），可知光在真空中最快，所以C選項(xiàng)“任何物質(zhì)中的光速都比實(shí)際的‘光速’要慢。”正確，B選項(xiàng)“只有當(dāng)光在真空中傳播時(shí)，才能精確測(cè)量光速。”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中，光通過透明材料時(shí)跑得最快?！焙虳選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)光通過不同的細(xì)胞時(shí)，光的速度會(huì)發(fā)生變化”文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段ifnosampleispresent,thetwodaughterbeamswillbeasperfectlyinphasewhentheymeet…Thecrestsandthetroughsoftheirwaveswillreinforceeachother,andtheresultwillbebrightness…themorethetwobeamswillbeoutofphase.Crestwillfallontrough,andtheresultwillbedarkness（如果沒有樣本存在，兩個(gè)子光束相遇時(shí)的相位完全相同……波浪的波峰和波谷會(huì)相互加強(qiáng)，結(jié)果就是明亮……兩束光的相位就越不一致。波峰將落在波谷上，結(jié)果將是黑暗。），可知如果兩個(gè)子光束相遇時(shí)相位相同，波峰和波谷會(huì)相互加強(qiáng)，結(jié)果是明亮，那么如果結(jié)果是黑暗，兩個(gè)子光束相位不一致，兩個(gè)子光束就是相互削弱，所以D選項(xiàng)“兩個(gè)子光束相互削弱”正確。A選項(xiàng)“沒有光通過樣品”的結(jié)果是明亮，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“樣品的折射率非常大”文中沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“光通過樣品的速度非常慢”：通過很慢不一定是唯一原因，子光束的相位不同才是直接原因，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

34.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第二、三句Dr.Feldwonderedifthechangesthatoccurduringcancerwouldshowupusinghisnewmethod.Theydid,inapartofthecellcalledthenucleolus.Thisistheplacewherethecomponentsofproteinfactoriesaremade.（菲爾德博士想知道，如果使用他的新方法，癌癥期間發(fā)生的變化是否會(huì)顯現(xiàn)出來。他們?cè)诩?xì)胞的核仁中找到了。這里是制造蛋白質(zhì)工廠成分的地方。），可知通過細(xì)胞核仁可以診斷癌癥，所以C選項(xiàng)“檢查核仁折光指數(shù)的變化”正確。A選項(xiàng)“檢測(cè)蛋白質(zhì)工廠成分的折射率變化”：文中指的是制造蛋白質(zhì)工廠成分的核仁，而不是這些成分，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)子宮頸癌細(xì)胞某些部位的折光指數(shù)變化”和D選項(xiàng)“識(shí)別部分癌細(xì)胞核仁的折光指數(shù)的變化”中不是觀察癌細(xì)胞的核仁，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

35.主旨大意題。本文主要在講通過層析相顯微術(shù)觀察透明細(xì)胞，包括原理和運(yùn)用，所以B選項(xiàng)“觀察透明物的新技術(shù)”正確。根據(jù)A選項(xiàng)“透明細(xì)胞的圖像”，C選項(xiàng)“透明細(xì)胞的折射率”和D選項(xiàng)“檢測(cè)癌細(xì)胞的新方法”不能概括全文，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Theprofessionfellinto_______,withsomephysicistsstickingtoexistingtheories,whileotherscameupwiththebig-bangtheory.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.harmony

B.turmoil

C.distortion

D.accord

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)harmony“融洽；和諧；和聲”；B選項(xiàng)turmoil“混亂，騷亂”；C選項(xiàng)distortion“曲解；變形，失真”；D選項(xiàng)accord“協(xié)議”。句意：這個(gè)行業(yè)進(jìn)入_______，一些物理學(xué)家堅(jiān)持現(xiàn)有的理論，而另一些人提出了大爆炸理論。根據(jù)語境，大家的觀點(diǎn)不一致，turmoil“混亂，騷亂”比較能夠形容這個(gè)情況，符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Manyinnovativebreakthroughscomeaboutwhenpeopleventurebeyondtheirownareasofexpertise,becauseoftenittakesanoutsidertoaskthenaivequestionthatmayyield_______solution.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aconstructive

B.anunconventional

C.anagreeable

D.apractical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)constructive“有建設(shè)性的”；B選項(xiàng)unconventional“非傳統(tǒng)的；不依慣例的”；C選項(xiàng)agreeable“愉悅的；欣然同意的；可以接受的”；D選項(xiàng)practical“實(shí)際的；實(shí)用的”。句意：當(dāng)人們?cè)谧约旱膶I(yè)領(lǐng)域之外冒險(xiǎn)時(shí)，許多創(chuàng)新的突破會(huì)出現(xiàn)，因?yàn)橥ǔＰ枰粋€(gè)局外人來問一個(gè)天真的問題，而這問題可能產(chǎn)生_______解決方案。根據(jù)語境，這里指新人會(huì)問聽起來很外行的問題，但就是這種問題引出解決方案，新人問的問題通常unconventional“非傳統(tǒng)的；不依慣例的”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thewealthofacountryshouldbemeasured______thehealthandhappinessofitspeopleaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inlinewith

B.intermsof

C.inregardto

D.incaseof

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)inlinewith“符合；與……一致”；B選項(xiàng)intermsof“依據(jù)”；C選項(xiàng)inregardto“關(guān)于”；D選項(xiàng)incaseof“萬一；假使”。句意：一個(gè)國家的財(cái)富應(yīng)該______其人民的健康和幸福以及它所能生產(chǎn)的物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品來衡量。根據(jù)語境，這里指國家的財(cái)富應(yīng)該用人民和物質(zhì)來衡量，所以B選項(xiàng)intermsof“依據(jù)”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Rao’s,thelegendaryeastHarlemItalianeatery,ismorethanahundredblocksabovetheWallStreet.ButwithaclientelethatincludessomeofthecorporateAmerica’sleadinglights,bigbusinessisneverfaraway.ConsiderthetablehostedonenightlastyearbyRao’sregular,Richard(Bo)Dietl—hewasjoinedbyGeneralElectric’sCEO,JeffreyImmelt,NBCchairmanBobWrightandLaw&OrdercreatorDickWolf.WolfwasjustenteringnegotiationsforanewcontractforLaw&OrdertokeeprunningonGE-ownedNBC.Noonesignedanycontractsorhaggledoverfiguresthatnight.Butnotlongafter,NBCannounceditwouldbroadcastLaw&Orderthrough2008.WolfsaysnowthatDietl’sdinneratRao’swaskeytosmoothingoutthenegotiations:“Itwasenormouslyhelpfulforhimtogetusalltogetherinthatsetting.”

Withhisjust-publishedbook,BusinessLunchatations,Dietlhopestolaunchhimselfastheauthorityonhoweveryonecansharpenhisnetworkingsocialskills.

Inhis$7,000Italiansuits,Dietltellstalesofhisadventureswiththerichandfamous;golfingwithformerGEchairmanJackWelch,fly-fishingwithformerPepsiCochairmanRogerEnrico,diningadeuxwithViacom’sSumnerRedstoneorcomparingnotesonprivatejetswithhispalDonaldTrump.Dietlsayshe’searnedthesemen’strustbymakingitclearhewantsnothingmorethantoshowthemagoodtimeandshareagoodlaugh.“Youdon’tdothisthinking,oh,whatbusinesscanIgetoutofthem?”hesays.“Youdoitforsheerfriendship.Andthenthegoodthingsjustcomeout.”Corporatebossessaytheyappreciatethesell.“Bo’saguyyouwanttodoafavorfor,”saysWelch,“becauseyouknowhe’lldoafavorforyou.”

Inhisbook,ofcourse,Dietlurgesreaderstodomorethanjustbenicetostrangersandwaitforgoodkarma.Networkingtipsrangefromhowtolistenandaskquestionsinconversationswithstrangers—eyecontact,uprightpostureandclarifyingquestionsaremusts—topracticalpointerslike“keepgoingbacktothebuffet”(toincreasethenumberofcontactsatacrowdedevent)and“wearanoriginalaccessory”(toensurestickingoutinanewacquaintance’smind).Still,Dietlsaysthemostcommonlymissedsecretofnetworkingisstartingwiththehumantouch.“Ifthere’sgoingtobebusiness,possiblytherecouldbebusiness,”hesays.“Butit’sgottastartoutfromthefriendshipside.”

26.WolfhascometobelievethatthereasonLaw&Orderwasextendedto2008was________.

27.ByreferringtoDietl’sbook,theauthorintendstoshow________.

28.Itisimpliedthatyoucanimproveyournetworkingskillsby________.

29.Dietlconcludesthatthemostimportantthingtodoisto________.

30.Thebesttitleforthistextmightbe________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theItalianfood

B.theydidn’thavetogofarfromWallstreettogettoRao’s

C.theydidn’thaggleoverdinner

D.Dietl’sget-together

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Bo’sintelligences

B.Richard’scharm

C.Mr.Dietl’sfame

D.Mr.Dietl’sauthority

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.havingadventureswiththerichandfamous

B.wearingexpensivesuits

C.doingfavorsandlaughing

D.beingfriendly

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.keepgoingbacktothebuffet

B.beginwithfriendship

C.touchpeople

D.keepintouchwithcontacts

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.AdventureswiththeRichandFamous

B.FavorsReceived

C.MeetMeforLunchatation

D.GoodTimesandLaughter

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】26.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句WolfsaysnowthatDietl’sdinneratRao’swaskeytosmoothingoutthenegotiations:“Itwasenormouslyhelpfulforhimtogetusalltogetherinthatsetting.”（沃爾夫說，現(xiàn)在迪特爾在拉奧餐廳的晚餐是促成談判順利進(jìn)行的關(guān)鍵：“他把我們所有人聚在一起，這對(duì)他非常有幫助?！保訢選項(xiàng)“迪特爾的聚會(huì)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“意大利菜”，B選項(xiàng)“他們不需要從華爾街走很遠(yuǎn)就能到餐廳”和C選項(xiàng)“他們吃飯時(shí)沒有討價(jià)還價(jià)”與題目沒有直接關(guān)系，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

27.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Withhisjust-publishedbook,BusinessLunchatations,Dietlhopestolaunchhimselfastheauthorityonhoweveryonecansharpenhisnetworkingsocialskills.（迪特爾剛剛出版《商務(wù)午餐》這本書，希望成為教人提高人際交往技巧的權(quán)威。），作者通過出版的書想要表達(dá)迪特爾的權(quán)威性，所以D選項(xiàng)“迪特爾的權(quán)威”正確，突出迪特爾的權(quán)威是為了讓讀者信服他的社交技巧，名望在這里沒有太大用處，也不是重點(diǎn)，故C選項(xiàng)“迪特爾的名望”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“鮑勃的智慧”和B選項(xiàng)“理查德的魅力”：不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

28.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句Dietlsayshe’searnedthesemen’strustbymakingitclearhewantsnothingmorethantoshowthemagoodtimeandshareagoodlaugh.（迪特爾表示，他已經(jīng)贏得了這些男人的信任，因?yàn)樗鞔_表示，他只是想和他們共度一段美好時(shí)光，與他們一起開懷大笑。）和最后一句“Bo’saguyyouwanttodoafavorfor,”saysWelch,“becauseyouknowhe’lldoafavorforyou.”（韋爾奇說：“鮑勃是你想幫的人，因?yàn)槟阒浪麜?huì)幫你?！保?，可知可以通過讓別人愉快和幫助別人提高社交技能，所以C選項(xiàng)“樂于助人，帶來歡笑”正確；只有D選項(xiàng)“友好”還不夠，故錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“與富人和名人一起冒險(xiǎn)”和B選項(xiàng)“穿名貴的衣服”，根據(jù)第三段：Inhis$7,000Italiansuits,Dietltellstalesofhisadventureswiththerichandfamous（迪特爾穿著價(jià)值7000美元的意大利西裝，講述著他與富人和名人的冒險(xiǎn)故事），這里講的迪特爾書中的內(nèi)容，并不是社交技巧，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

29.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第三句Dietlsaysthemostcommonlymissedsecretofnetworkingisstartingwiththehumantouch.（迪特爾說，最常被忽視的秘訣是人與人之間的人際交往從接觸開始。），可知人際交往中最重要的是C選項(xiàng)“與人接觸”，而不是D選項(xiàng)“保持聯(lián)系”。B選項(xiàng)“建立友誼”：根據(jù)第三段第四句Youdoitforsheerfriendship.Andthenthegoodthingsjustcomeout.（你這么做純粹是為了友誼。然后好事就會(huì)出現(xiàn)。），建立友誼有幫助，沒有說到這是最重要的，故錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“繼續(xù)去吃自助餐”：根據(jù)第四段第二句topracticalpointerslike“keepgoingbacktothebuffet”(toincreasethenumberofcontactsatacrowdedevent)（還有一些實(shí)用的技巧，比如“繼續(xù)去吃自助餐”，在擁擠的場(chǎng)合增加聯(lián)系人的數(shù)量），吃自助餐沒有說是最重要的，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

30.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。本文講述社交技巧，通過營造愉快的氛圍從而促成情感信任，所以D選項(xiàng)“美好時(shí)光和歡樂笑聲”正確。A選項(xiàng)“與富人和名人的冒險(xiǎn)”，B選項(xiàng)“接受的幫助”和C選項(xiàng)“午餐的相遇”是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Somuchdataindicatetheworld’sprogresstowardsmeetingtheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals(MDGs),asetoftargetsadoptedbyworldleadersattheUNmorethantenyearsago.Butthegoal-settingexercisehasfurtherpitfalls.Toooften,thegoalsarereducedtoworkingouthowmuchmoneyisneededtomeetaparticulartarget.Yetthecountriesthathavemademostprogressincuttingpovertyhavelargelydonesonotbyspendingpublicmoney,butbyencouragingfastereconomicgrowth.AsShantaDevarajan,theWorldBank’schiefeconomistforAfrica,pointsout,growthdoesnotjustmakemoremoneyavailableforsocialspending.Italsoincreasesthedemandforsuchthingsasschooling,andthushelpsmeetotherdevelopmentgoals.Yetthegoals,asdrawnup,madenomentionofeconomicgrowth.

Ofcoursegrowthbyitselfdoesnotsolvealltheproblemsofthepoor.Itisalsoclearthatwhilemoneyhelps,howitisspentandwhatitisspentonareenormouslyimportant.Forinstances,campaignersoftenaskformoretobespentonprimaryeducation.Butthroughoutthedevelopingworldteachersonthepublicpayrollareoftenabsentfromschool.Teacher-absenteeismratesarearound20%inruralKenya,27%inUgandaand14%inEcuador.

Inanycase,moneythatisallocatedforsuchservicesrarelyreachesitsintendedrecipients.Astudyfoundthat70%ofthemoneyallocatedfordrugsandsuppliesbytheUgandagovernmentin2000waslost;inGhana,80%wassiphonedoff.Moneyneedstobespent,therefore,notmerelyonbuildingmoreschoolsorhiringmoreteachers,butongettingthemtodowhattheyarepaidfor,andpreventingresourcesfromdisappearingsomewherebetweenthecentralgovernmentandtheirsupposeddestination.

Thegoodnewsisthatpolicyexperimentscarriedoutbygovernments,NGOs,academicsandinternationalinstitutionsareslowlybuildingupabodyofevidenceaboutmethodsthatwork.Alarge-scaleevaluationinAndhraPradeshinsouthernIndiawasshown,forexample,thatperformancepayforteachersisthreetimesaseffectiveatraisingpupil’stestscoresastheequivalentamountspentonschoolsupplies.

AndinUgandathegovernment,appalledthatmoneymeantforschoolswasnotreachingthem,tooktopublicizinghowmuchwasbeingallotted,usingradioandnewspaper.Moneywastagewasdramaticallyreduced.TheWorldBankhopestobringsuchinnovationstothenoticeofothergovernmentsduringthesummit,ifitcan.Forifthedriveagainstpovertysucceed,itwillowemoretosuchideasandwiderusethantotargetssetatUN-sponsoredsummits.

26.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingmeritscan’twederivefromeconomicgrowth?

27.Teacher-absenteeismiscitedasexample________.

28.Accordingtotheauthor,weshould________whendealingwithallocatedmoney.

29.Onwhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?

30.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itincreasesotherdemandssuchaseducation.

B.ItmayhelpthegovernmenttofulfillMillenniumDevelopmentGoals.

C.Fastergrowthwillliftthepooroutofpoverty.

D.Economicgrowthmaysolvesomeproblemsofthepoor.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.tocallforgovernmentsapplyperformancepaytoteachers

B.tounderlinetheimportanceofmoneyshouldbespentonwhereitisneeded

C.tostatethattheallocatedmoneyshouldgetstaffstodowhattheyarepaidfor

D.toshowthatAfricancountrieshavealongwaytogobeforereachingtheUN’sgoalposts

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.avoidtheleakageofmoney

B.givetheanti-povertyplansthepriority

C.promoteeducationtoahigherlevel

D.improvepublicinfrastructurefirst

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Economicgrowthdoesnotmakemoremoneyavailableforsocialspending.

B.MoneyleakageisabigproblemthatAfricaencounters.

C.MillenniumDevelopmentGoalsmayinvolveeachcountry’sGDPgrowth.

D.MillenniumDevelopmentGoalshavecometobeseenasapplyingtoeachdevelopingcountry.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theWorldBankplaysanimportantroleinhelpingUgandafixmoneyleakage

B.moneyleakageisrampantlyflourishinginUganda

C.MillenniumDevelopmentGoalsmayhavefailedinliftingthepooroutofpoverty

D.innovativeideasshouldcomebeforetargetssetbyUN

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】26.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句Ofcoursegrowthbyitselfdoesnotsolvealltheproblemsofthepoor.Itisalsoclearthatwhilemoneyhelps,howitisspentandwhatitisspentonareenormouslyimportant.（當(dāng)然，增長本身并不能解決窮人的所有問題。同樣明顯的是，雖然錢有幫助，但如何花，花在什么地方非常重要。），可知經(jīng)濟(jì)增長對(duì)于脫貧有幫助，但是不能根治，C選項(xiàng)“更快的增長將使貧困人口擺脫貧困”不符合文章意思，所以正確，錢在脫貧上有幫助，D選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長可能解決窮人的一些問題”符合文章意思，故錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“增加了其他需求，如教育”：根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句Italsoincreasesthedemandforsuchthingsasschooling（它還增加了對(duì)教育等方面的需求），可知符合文章意思，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“可能有助于政府實(shí)現(xiàn)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)”：根據(jù)第一段第一句和第三句Somuchdataindicatetheworld’sprogresstowardsmeetingtheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals(MDGs)…Toooften,thegoalsarereducedtoworkingouthowmuchmoneyisneededtomeetaparticulartarget.（如此多的數(shù)據(jù)表明，世界在實(shí)現(xiàn)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)（MDGs）方面取得了進(jìn)展……通常，目標(biāo)被簡(jiǎn)化為計(jì)算需要多少錢來達(dá)到一個(gè)特定的目標(biāo)。），可知符合文章意思，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Itisalsoclearthatwhilemoneyhelps,howitisspentandwhatitisspentonareenormouslyimportant.（同樣明顯的是，雖然錢有幫助，但如何花，花在什么地方非常重要。），這是這段的主要論點(diǎn)，老師缺勤的例子是為了證明如何花錢很重要，所以B選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)錢應(yīng)該花在需要的地方的重要性”正確。A選項(xiàng)“要求政府對(duì)教師實(shí)行績效工資”，C選項(xiàng)“說明拿了相應(yīng)的工資就要做相應(yīng)的工作”和D選項(xiàng)“表明非洲國家在達(dá)到聯(lián)合國的目標(biāo)之前還有很長的路要走”：不是這一段表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

28.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Moneyneedstobespent,therefore,notmerelyonbuildingmoreschoolsorhiringmoreteachers,butongettingthemtodowhattheyarepaidfor,andpreventingresourcesfromdisappearingsomewherebetweenthecentralgovernmentandtheirsupposeddestination.（因此，資金不應(yīng)該僅僅花在建設(shè)更多的學(xué)校或雇傭更多的教師上，而應(yīng)該花在讓他們做他們?cè)撟龅氖虑樯?，防止資源在中央政府和他們預(yù)期的目的地之間消失。），可知作者認(rèn)為最應(yīng)該做的是讓金錢去到該去的地方發(fā)揮作用，所以A選項(xiàng)“不讓錢流失（被挪用）”正確，C選項(xiàng)“提高教育水平”不是花錢的主要方向，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“優(yōu)先考慮脫貧計(jì)劃”：在這里范圍太廣不符合題意，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“優(yōu)先建設(shè)公共設(shè)施”：文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

29.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段第二句Astudyfoundthat70%ofthemoneyallocatedfordrugsandsuppliesbytheUgandagovernmentin2000waslost;inGhana,80%wassiphonedoff.（一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，2000年烏干達(dá)政府分配給藥品和供應(yīng)品的資金有70%不見了；而在加納，80%的資金被挪用。），可知非洲國家的資金流失現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重，所以B選項(xiàng)“資金流失是非洲遇到的一個(gè)大問題”符合文章意思，正確。A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長并沒有使更多的錢用于社會(huì)支出”：根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第三句growthdoesnotjustmakemoremoneyavailableforsocialspending（經(jīng)濟(jì)增長不僅僅是為社會(huì)支出提供了更多資金），可知不符合文章意思，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)可能涉及每個(gè)國家的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長”和D選項(xiàng)“千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)已被視為適用于每個(gè)發(fā)展中國家”：文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

30.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句TheWorldBankhopestobringsuchinnovationstothenoticeofothergovernmentsduringthesummit,ifitcan.Forifthedriveagainstpovertysucceed,itwillowemoretosuchideasandwiderusethantotargetssetatUN-sponsoredsummits.（如果可能的話，世界銀行希望在峰會(huì)期間讓其他國家的政府注意到這些創(chuàng)新。因?yàn)槿绻毨У倪\(yùn)動(dòng)取得成功，它將更多地歸功于這些想法和更廣泛的應(yīng)用，而不是在聯(lián)合國主辦的峰會(huì)上設(shè)定的目標(biāo)。），可知世界銀行鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新的想法，而不是聯(lián)合國設(shè)立的目標(biāo)，所以D選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)新的想法應(yīng)該先于聯(lián)合國設(shè)定的目標(biāo)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“世界銀行在幫助烏干達(dá)解決資金流失問題方面發(fā)揮了重要作用”和B選項(xiàng)“資金流失在烏干達(dá)經(jīng)常發(fā)生”：根據(jù)第五段第一、二句AndinUgandathegovernment,appalledthatmoneymeantforschoolswasnotreachingthem,tooktopublicizinghowmuchwasbeingallotted,usingradioandnewspaper.Moneywastagewasdramaticallyreduced.（而在烏干達(dá)，政府因本應(yīng)給學(xué)校的錢沒有送到他們手中而感到震驚，于是通過廣播和報(bào)紙來公布分配了多少錢。金錢浪費(fèi)大大減少。），可知是政府發(fā)揮了作用，而不是世界銀行，故A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，資金流失因?yàn)檎淖鳛榇蟠鬁p少，故B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)可能未能使窮人擺脫貧困”：最后一段沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.翻譯題

SectionBChinesetoEnglishTranslation(20points)

Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

（41）“一帶一路”的獨(dú)特部分是強(qiáng)調(diào)建立陸地和海洋基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施是所有國家的永久性需求。由于各國對(duì)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的普遍重視，區(qū)域性的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和聯(lián)通項(xiàng)目建設(shè)從政治上來說相對(duì)容易往前推進(jìn)。這些項(xiàng)目將自然地增加貿(mào)易、投資和各國之間人民的交流?？鐕A(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目服務(wù)于跨境貿(mào)易的增長目標(biāo)，因而是比自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定更容易促進(jìn)貿(mào)易的方式，而這是當(dāng)今世界上很多國家都強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)的。

（42）中國迄今為止已成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了漸進(jìn)式經(jīng)濟(jì)下滑，接下來的問題是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)長期可持續(xù)增長?？纯丛鲩L的需求端，投資長期以來已成為主要驅(qū)動(dòng)。盡管中國的人均資本存量比更發(fā)達(dá)的經(jīng)濟(jì)體低，(中國)仍然需要實(shí)現(xiàn)從投資向消費(fèi)的逐漸平衡，以避免進(jìn)一步的資本錯(cuò)配及其負(fù)面影響，如一些行業(yè)和房地產(chǎn)的過剩。中國在兩年前就已經(jīng)開始這種再平衡努力了，最近的政府工作報(bào)告及2017年國民經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃草案又重申了對(duì)促進(jìn)消費(fèi)的重視。

【答案】41.TheuniquepartoftheBeltandRoadliesinemphasizingtheestablishmentofterrestrialandmarineinfrastructure.Andinfrastructureisapermanentneedforallcountries.Ascountriesgenerallyattachimportancetoinfrastructure,theconstructionofregionalinfrastructureandconnectingprojectsisrelativelyeasytomoveforwardpolitically.Theseprojectswillnaturallyincreasetrade,investmentandexchangesamongpeoplefromdifferentcountries.Transnationalinfrastructureprojectsservethegrowthgoalsofcross-bordertrade.Andtherefore,aneasierwaytopromotetradethanfreetradeagreements,whichmanycountriesintheworldtodaystronglyoppose.

42.Chinahassofarmanagedagradualeconomicdownturn,andthenextquestionishowtoachievelong-termsustainablegrowth.Consideringthegrowingdemandside,investmenthaslongbeenthemaindriver.AlthoughChina’scapitalstockpercapitaislowerthanthatofamoredevelopedeconomies,agradualbalancefrominvestmenttoconsumptionisneededtoavoidfurthercapitalmisallocationanditsnegativeeffects,suchasexcessinsomeindustriesandrealestate.Chinabeganthisrebalancingefforttwoyearsago,andtherecentgovernmentworkreportandthe2017DraftPlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopmentreaffirmedtheemphasisonboostingconsumption.

13.單選題

______thefinancialmeanstoremainindependent,ThomasEdisonwascompelledtoseekemploymentasanighttelegraphoperator.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hewasdeprivedof

B.Thathewasdeprivedof

C.Althoughhewasdeprivedof

D.Deprivedof

【答案】D

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：由于沒有了維持獨(dú)立的經(jīng)濟(jì)來源，托馬斯?愛迪生不得不去找個(gè)夜間電報(bào)員的工作。選項(xiàng)和題干，逗號(hào)前是從句或者短語。A選項(xiàng)Hewasdeprivedof放進(jìn)來題目變成兩個(gè)完整且獨(dú)立的句子，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)Thathewasdeprivedof中that多余，不符合語法，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)Althoughhewasdeprivedof中although不符合語境，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)Deprivedof放進(jìn)來句子還原后是ThomasEdisonwas…operatordeprivedofthefinancialmeanstoremainindependent，符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Thoughsometimestoolazytoworkashardashersisters,Lindahasamoreavidfondnessforthelimelight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mercurial

B.gallant

C.ardent

D.frugal

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)mercurial“多變的；活潑的；機(jī)智的”；B選項(xiàng)gallant“英勇的”；C選項(xiàng)ardent“熱烈的”；D選項(xiàng)frugal“節(jié)儉的”。句意：雖然琳達(dá)有時(shí)太懶，不像她的姐妹們那樣努力工作，但她對(duì)引人注目更熱烈地喜歡。根據(jù)語境，C選項(xiàng)ardent“熱烈的”搭配fondness“喜好”比較合理，和avid“熱衷的”同義，符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

RogerRosenblatt’sbookBlackFiction,inattemptingtoapplyliteraryratherthansociopoliticalcriteriatoitssubject,successfullyalterstheapproachtakenbymostpreviousstudies.AsRosenblattnotes,criticismofBlackw