2022年考研考博-考博英語-全國醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)考考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)41

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-全國醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)考考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

16-20

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whitebloodcellcount.

B.Redbloodcellcount.

C.X-ray.

D.ECG.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Toomuchworktodo.

B.Aheavyloadofstudying.

C.Herdaughter’ssickness.

D.Herinsufficientincome.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Leukemia.

B.Gastriculcer.

C.Immunedisease.

D.Gastricinfluenza.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Takethewhitetabletsthreetimesaday.

B.Takethecharcoaltabletsthreetimesaday.

C.Takeoneortwowhitetabletsatatime.

D.Taketwocharcoaltabletsaday.20.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Stayoffwork.

B.Drinkplentyofliquids.

C.Eatalotofvegetablesandfruit.

D.Postponeyourexercisewhensick.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】P:Hereismyresult,doctor.

D:Haveaseat,andlet’shavealook.Well,yourECGisperfectlynormal,andthereisnoproblemwithyourX-ray,either.(16)Butyourwhitebloodcellcountisratherhigh,whichiswhatIexpected,anditshowsyourbodyisfightingthevirus.

P:IsthereanythinghereIcandosothatIcanfeelbetter,doctor?(17)Iamreallybusyatworkthisweek.AndIhavealotofstufftodo,butIdon'tfeeluptoit.Alsomydaughterisstudyingbedand...

D:Don’tworry.It’sjustagainstthefeel.ButIwillgiveyousomemedicineforittomakeyoufeelbetter.(19)Threetimesadaytakethewhitetabletsasdirectedonthelabelaftermeals.Andforthetablets,takeoneortwodependingonhowsuitableyourbowelsare.

P:IsthereanythingelseIcando,DoctorHunt?

D:Iknowyouarebusy,(20)butyoureallyshouldn’tgotowork.However,that’suptoyou.Restasmuchaspossible,drinkplentyofliquid,andeatplentyofvegetablesandfruits.Remember,anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.Ifthereisnoimprovementafterthreedays,comebackandseemeagain.

P:Thankyou,doctor.

16.Accordingtothewomen’stestresults,whichofthefollowingitemisabnormal?

【解析】根據(jù)醫(yī)生的判斷，病人的ECG十分正常（perfectlynormal），X片也沒有問題，但是白血球數(shù)量很高(whitebloodcellcountisratherhigh)。因此本題答案為A。

17.Whichofthefollowingisnotthereasonforthewoman’sanxiety?

【解析】病人很焦慮，因?yàn)樗救斯ぷ骱苊Γ畠阂采×耍瑢W(xué)習(xí)壓力也很大。只有D（收入不足）不是她焦慮的原因。

18.Whatisthedoctor’sdiagnosisofthewoman?

【解析】醫(yī)生說病人的白細(xì)胞量高，證明身體正在跟病毒斗爭，由此推理可知，病人可能是免疫系統(tǒng)出了點(diǎn)問題。故本題選C。

19.Howdoesthedoctorsaythemedicationsareadministeredforthewoman?

【解析】醫(yī)生說，按照說明一天只服三次白色藥片，而charcoal藥片則需要根據(jù)腸胃（bowels）的適應(yīng)度，再?zèng)Q定是服用一片還是兩片，因此本題正確答案為A。

20.Whichofthefollowingisnotoneofthesuggestionsbythedoctor?

【解析】醫(yī)生對病人的建議是：不能上班，大量飲水，多吃蔬菜和水果。只有“生病時(shí)延緩健身”未被提及，故本題答案為D。

2.單選題

21-25

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thelinkbetweenweightlossandsleepdeprivation.

B.Thelinkbetweenweightgainandsleepdeprivation.

C.Thelinkbetweenweightlossandphysicalexercise.

D.Thelinkbetweenweightgainandphysicalexercise.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Morethan68000.

B.Morethan60800.

C.Morethan60080.

D.Morethan60008.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Seven-hoursleepersgainedmoreweightovertimethanfive-hourones.

B.Five-hoursleepersgainedmoreweightovertimethanseven-hourones.

C.Short-sleeperswere15%morelikelytobecomeobese.

D.Short-sleepersconsumedfewercaloriesthanlongsleepers.24.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Overeatingamongthesleep-deprived.

B.Littleexerciseamongthesleep-deprived.

C.Lowermetabolicrateresultingfromlesssleep.

D.Highermetabolicrateresultingfromlesssleep.25.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Exerciseeveryday.

B.Takedietpills.

C.Goonadiet.

D.Sleepmore.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】Here’sadreamyweight-lossplan:takeanap.That’sthemessagefromworkbySanjayPatelatCaseWesternReserveUniversityinCleveland,Ohio.(21)(22)(23)Hisstudyofmorethan68000womenhasfoundthatthosewhosleeplessthan5hoursanightgainmoreweightovertimethanthosewhosleep7hoursanight.

Controllingforotherdifferencesbetweenthegroups,Patelfoundthatwomenwhoslept5hoursorlessgained0.7kilogramsmoreonaverageover10yearsthan7-hoursleepers.Theshort-sleepinggroupwasalso32percentmorelikelytohavegained15kilogramsormore,and15percentmorelikelytohavebecomeobese.

Significantly,theshort-sleepersconsumedfewercaloriesthanthosewhoslept7hours,saysPatel,whopresentedhisresultsthisweekattheAmericanThoracicSocietyInternationalConferenceinSanDiego,California.Thisfindingoverturnsthecommonviewthatovereatingamongthesleep-deprivedexplainssuchweightdifferences.

(24)Lowermetabolicrateresultingfromlesssleepmaybethereasonbehindtheweightgain,Patelsuggests.(25)“Itobviouslyalsosuggeststhatgettingpeopletosleepmoremightbearelativelyeasywaytohelppeopleloseweight,”hesays.

21.WhatdidPatel’sstudyindicate?

【解析】根據(jù)錄音內(nèi)容“Hisstudyofmorethan68000womenhasfoundthatthosewhosleeplessthan5hoursanightgainmoreweightovertimethanthosewhosleep7hoursanight”可知，應(yīng)該講的是睡眠不足與體重增加的問題。故選B。

22.HowmanysubjectsdidPatelhaveinhisstudy?

【解析】根據(jù)錄音內(nèi)容“Hisstudyofmorethan68000womenhasfound...”可知，受試對象超過68000。故選A。

23.AccordingtoPatel’sstudy,whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

【解析】根據(jù)錄音內(nèi)容“Hisstudyofmorethan68000womenhasfoundthatthosewhosleeplessthan5hoursanightgainmoreweightovertimethanthosewhosleep7hoursanight”可知，A選項(xiàng)恰與之意思相反。故選A。

24.AccordingtoPatel,whatmightbethereasonbehindtheweightdifferences?

【解析】根據(jù)錄音內(nèi)容“Lowermetabolicratebehindtheweightgain”可知，由于睡眠時(shí)間少而導(dǎo)致的代謝緩慢可能是體重增加的原因。故選C。

25.WhatsuggestionwillPatelgivetothosewhowanttoloseweight?

【解析】根據(jù)錄音內(nèi)容“Itobviouslyalsosuggeststhatgettingpeopletosleepmoremightbearelativelyeasywaytohelppeopleloseweight”可知，對于要減肥的人們來說，多睡會(huì)兒可能會(huì)起作用。故選D。

3.單選題

11.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Acold.

B.Aheadache.

C.Ahoarsevoice.

D.Insomnia.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Haveyougotacold?

M:Nope,I’mhoarsebecauseIhavn’tgotenoughsleeplatelyandhavebeensingingalotKTV.

Q:Whatistheman’sproblem?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士說：I’mhoarsebecauseIhavn’tgotenoughsleeplatelyandhavebeensingingalotKTV(我嗓子嘶啞，因?yàn)榻谒卟缓茫⑶页嗔丝ɡ璒K)。

4.單選題

21-25

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Anewconceptofdiabetes.

B.ThedefinitionofType1andType2diabetes.

C.Thenewmanagementofdiabeticsinthehospital.

D.Thenewdevelopmentofnon-perishableinsulinpills.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseitvaporizeseasily.

B.Becauseitbecomesoveractiveeasily.

C.Becauseitisusuallyininjectionform.

D.Becauseitisnotstableabove40degreesFahrenheit.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thediabeticscanbecuredwithouttakingsyntheticinsulinanylonger.

B.Thefindingsprovideinsightintohowinsulinworks.

C.Insulincanbemorestablethanitisnow.

D.Insulincanbeproducednaturally.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itisstableatroomtemperatureforseveralyears.

B.Itisadministereddirectlyintothebloodstream.

C.Itdeliversglucosefrombloodtothecells.

D.Itismorechemicallycomplex.25.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Whyinsulinisnotstableatroomtemperature.

B.Howimportantitistounderstandthechemicalbondsofinsulin.

C.WhypeoplewithType1andType2diabetesdon’tproduceenoughinsulin.

D.Whatshapeinsulintakeswhenitunlocksthecellstotakesugarformblood.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】(21)AteamofAustralianchemistrystudentshavestrengthenedthechemicalbondsofinsulintomakeitstableevenatwarmtemperatures—abreakthroughthatcouldsimplifydiabetesmanagement.Thefindingcouldshedlightonhowinsulinworksandeventuallyleadtoinsulinpills,ratherthaninjectionsorpumps.(22)Insulinneedstobekeptcoldbecauseitismadeofweakchemicalbondsthatdegradeattemperaturesabove40degreesFahrenheit,makingitinactive.Butusingaseriesofchemicalreactions,theresearchteam,comprisedofstudentsfromMonashUniversityinAustralia,replacedtheunstablebondswithstronger,carbon-basedones.Thestrongerbondsstabilizetheinsulin’stwoproteinchainswithoutinterferingwithitsnaturalactivity,accordingtoastoryaboutthefindingsatSciGuru.(24)Theso-called“dicarba”insulinswerestableatroomtemperatureforseveralyears,SciGurusays.(23)Evenmorepromisingisthatthefindingsprovideinsightintohowinsulinworks.

PeoplewithType1andType2diabetesdonotproduceenoughinsulin,whetherit’stheresultofanauto-immunedisorderthatstopsproducingitentirely(Type1)oraconditionbroughtonbyotherfactorslikeobesity,inwhichthebodycannolongeruseitproperly(Type2).Insulinisthemechanismthatdeliversglucosefromthebloodtothecells,sodiabeticsmusttakeasyntheticformofthehormone.(25)Wheninsulinunlockscellstoallowsugartobetakenupfromtheblood,thehormone’sshapechanges—butnooneissurewhattheshapelookslike.Ifresearchersknewthatshape,theycoulddesignsmaller;less-complexversionsofinsulinthatdon’tuseproteins.Thenitcouldbeadministeredinpillformratherthandirectlyintothebloodstream.Understandingthemolecule’schemicalbondsisasteptowardunlockingthatshape,theresearcherssay.

21.Whatisthemainideaofthetalk?

【解析】文章開頭即給出了主旨：一組澳大利亞的化學(xué)系學(xué)生強(qiáng)化了胰島素的化學(xué)鍵，以使其在高溫下也能穩(wěn)定。故選D。

22.Whydoesinsulinneedtobekeptcold,accordingtothetalk?

【解析】根據(jù)文章信息，胰島素的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)較弱，在高溫下會(huì)使胰島素失效。故選D。

23.Whatmakestheresearchmorepromising?

【解析】根據(jù)原文信息可以得知：研究結(jié)果更有助于了解胰島素是如何發(fā)揮效用的，故選B。

24.Whatistrueaboutthenewtypeofinsulin?

【解析】根據(jù)原文信息可以得知：這種新型胰島素可以在室溫下放置幾年（不變質(zhì)），故選A。

25.Whatisunknowntothescientists,accordingtothetalk?

【解析】原文中提到當(dāng)胰島素“打開”細(xì)胞，讓血液中的葡萄糖進(jìn)入細(xì)胞時(shí)，荷爾蒙的形態(tài)隨之改變，但無人知曉其形態(tài)是什么樣的。故選D。

5.單選題

5.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Extremelysevere.

B.Notverysevere.

C.Moreseverethanexpected.

D.It’shardtosay.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Howstrongisthepainexactly?Onascaleof1-10,howwouldyoudescribetheintensityofthepain?

W:Well,I’dsaythepainisabouta2onascaleof1-10.LikeIsay,it’snotreallybad.Itjustkeepscomingback.

Q:Howsevereisthepain?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。女士說：I’dsaythepainisabouta2onascaleof1-10.LikeIsay,it’snotreallybad（疼痛級(jí)別大概為2，還不算太嚴(yán)重）。

6.單選題

2.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Abrokenfinger.

B.Aterriblecough.

C.Frontalheadaches.

D.Eyeproblem.

【答案】C

【解析】W:It’sMr.Cong,isn’tit?

M:That’sright.Isawyousixmonthsagowithabrokenfinger.

W:Yes,ofcourse.Andisthatallhealingwell?

M:It’sfine.

W:Whatcanwedoforyoutoday?

M:Well,I’vebeenhavingtheseheadachesinthefront,aboutmyeyes.Itstartedtwomonthsago.Theyseemtocomeonquitesuddenly,andIgetdizzyspellaswell.

Q:Whatisthetroubleinthemannow?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士說：I’vebeenhavingtheseheadachesinthefront,aboutmyeyes.即今天來看病是因?yàn)轭^痛，大概是眼睛周圍。

7.單選題

11.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Maryisn’thistype.

B.HefeltinlovewithMaryatfirstsight.

C.Marywasnotprettyenough.

D.Hewon’tteachMarychemistry.

【答案】A

【解析】W:HowwasyourdatewithMary?

M:Shewasveryniceandpretty，butIjustdon’thavechemistrywithher.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士說：Shewasveryniceandpretty，butIjustdon’thavechemistrywithher（Mary漂亮，人也好，但自己就是沒有感覺）。

8.單選題

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausethecompanieswanttoimproveworkershealthandreducemedicalspending

B.Becausethecompanieswanttosavemoremoneyforemployers

C.Becausetheprogramsturnedouttobeuselessinimprovingworkers'health

D.Becausethelonger-termeffectsoftheprogramshavenotbeenidentified

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theprogramdidnohelpinloweringworkers'bloodpressureorsugarlevels

B.Theprogramsignificantlyreducedworkers'healthcarecosts

C.Theworkerswhoadoptedhealthierbehaviorsturnedtobehealthier

D.Theworkerswhoaremoreoptimisticturnedtobehealthier

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyaregoingtoanalyze3yearsofdatafromthewellnessprogram

B.Theyaregoingtoadjustthewellnessprogram

C.Theyaregoingtosupportthewellnessprogramforalongterm.

D.Theyaregoingtoseewhetherthewellnessprogramarebeneficialinalong-termrun

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

【解析】第1題:重新思考健康計(jì)劃的原因在第二段與第三段最后均有提到。第二段最后說到“itfoundnosignificantreductioninworker’shealthcarecosts（研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，職工的醫(yī)療保健成本沒有顯著下降）”，第三段最后說到“Theresearchersarenowanalyzingthreeyearsofdatafromthewellnessprogramtoseeifthereareanylonger-termeffects（研究人員現(xiàn)在正在分析來自健康計(jì)劃的三年數(shù)據(jù)，以了解是否有任何長期的影響）”，說明其原因就在這個(gè)計(jì)劃的長期影響并不十分確定，D選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:文中提到的研究有三個(gè)結(jié)果：1.參加了健康計(jì)劃的員工更加注意自己的身體健康問題；2.參加計(jì)劃與否對于到血壓或血糖指標(biāo)的影響差別不大；3.并沒有降低職工醫(yī)療成本。因此C選項(xiàng)是符合這三個(gè)結(jié)果的。A選項(xiàng)的問題在于否定了健康計(jì)劃對血壓或血糖指標(biāo)的影響。

第3題:研究人員的目標(biāo)體現(xiàn)在最后一句“Theresearchersarenowanalyzingthreeyearsofdatafromthewellnessprogramtoseeifthereareanylonger-termeffects（研究人員現(xiàn)在正在分析來自健康計(jì)劃的三年數(shù)據(jù)，以了解是否有任何長期的影響）”，因此他們的目標(biāo)就是看這個(gè)健康計(jì)劃從長期來看是否有益，D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Toshowmorelove.

B.Tobetogetherwithhisfamily.

C.Tolovemorestrangers.

D.Tobehappier.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Inthirties.

B.Inmid-forties.

C.Beforefifty.

D.Afterfifty.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ltisfromhistwentiestohismid-forties.

B.ltisafterhiskidslefthome.

C.itiswhenhiswifelaughed.

D.ltisaperiodfullofstressandfulfillment.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

【解析】第1題:針對提問，這個(gè)男性的回答是“IwishIhadlovedmore,beingmoreopenaboutmyfeelingsfornewpeople,andmoreaffectionatewiththosealreadyinmylife（我希望我曾經(jīng)愛過更多的人，對新認(rèn)識(shí)的人更開放，對那些已經(jīng)在我生命中的人更深情）”，總體說來就是“表達(dá)更多的愛”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:對話中提到“reachesthebottomintheirmid-40s（在40多歲達(dá)到最低點(diǎn)）”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:對話最后，這個(gè)男性這樣描述“theywerestressfulandchaotic,butsowonderfulandfulfilling（這個(gè)時(shí)期壓力很大，很混亂，但卻很精彩，很有成就感）”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thewomanarrivedaheadofschedule.

B.Thewomanfailedtomeethertennisappointment.

C.Themandidnotplaythetennisgamebytherule.

D.Themanhelpedputthewomanonthewaitinglist.

【答案】B

【解析】7.W:Ireservedatenniscourt.It’stakenoverbysomeoneelse.

M:Yes,mom.Iunderstand.Wehaveapolicythateverypartyismorethan15minuteslateforastartingtime.Wescheduledthecourtsforotherwaitingguests.

Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干為：從這段交談中可以得出什么？由文中“Wehaveapolicythateverypartyismorethan15minuteslateforastartingtime.（我們有規(guī)定，每場頂多遲到15分鐘）”，推測可知B選項(xiàng)“Thewomanfailedtomeethertennisappointment.（女士錯(cuò)過了網(wǎng)球場預(yù)約時(shí)間）”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“女士提早到了”；C選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)男人沒有按規(guī)則打網(wǎng)球”；D選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)男人幫女士把她放在等候名單上”不符合原文。

11.單選題

2.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Shebearsnoisesinherearsdayandnight.

B.Shehasbeenoverworkingforalongtime.

C.Herrightear,hurtinanaccident,istroublingher.

D.Herearringsaregivinghertroubledayandnight.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Myearsarealwaysringing.DayandnightIcan’tsleep.

M:Whichisyourbadear?

W:Myrightearhurts.

Q:Whydoesthewomanhavetroublesleeping?

【解析】女士在對話中說到難以入眠是因?yàn)镸yearsarealwaysringing（耳朵一直有噪音）。

12.單選題

Ifthethoughtofleavinghomewithoutyourmobilephonecausesyouto（

）coldsweat,youcouldbesufferingfromnomophobia:thefearofhavingnomobilephone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.breakinto

B.breakout

C.breakthrough

D.breakup

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.breakinto闖入B.breakout爆發(fā)；突發(fā)

C.breakthrough突破；突圍D.breakup打碎；破碎；結(jié)束；解散

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】如果離開家不帶手機(jī)的想法會(huì)使你……冷汗，你可能患上了無手機(jī)綜合癥：對沒有手機(jī)感到恐懼。由本題句意可知應(yīng)該是冒冷汗，B選項(xiàng)“爆發(fā)；突發(fā)”可引申為該句所需要的含義，因此選B。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。

【句意】如果離開家不帶手機(jī)的想法會(huì)使你出一身冷汗，那你可能患上了“無手機(jī)恐懼癥”：對沒有手機(jī)感到恐懼。

13.單選題

8.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Acustomsofficer.

B.Theman'smother.

C.Aschoolheadmaster.

D.Animmigrationofficer.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Weunderstandthatyouarenotattendingschool.

M:I’vebeenattending,but,I’vebeensickrecently.

W:You’veattendedonlythreedayssincelastJuly.

M:Threedays?No.It’sbeenmorethanthat.

W:Wearegoingtohavetotakeawayyourvisa.

Q:Whatisthewoman?

【解析】推斷題。女士說：Wearegoingtohavetotakeawayyourvisa(我們得收回你的簽證)，說明女士是一名移民官。

14.單選題

7.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Shedisagreeswiththeman.

B.Shecouldn’tagreewiththemanmore.

C.It'shardforthemtofulfilltheirplans.

D.It’simpossibletogetmoneyfromGatesFoundation.

【答案】B

【解析】M:ThismoneyfromtheGatesFoundationwillhelpuswithourplans.

W:Howcoulditnot?

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】態(tài)度方向題。女士回答：Howcoulditnot，即她非常同意男士說的。

15.單選題

Fluoridedeterstoothdecaybyreducingthegrowthofbacteriathatdestroytoothenamel.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inhibits

B.loosens

C.hastens

D.triggers

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.inhibits抑制；禁止B.loosens放松；松開

C.hastens加速；催化D.triggers引發(fā)；觸發(fā)

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】由本句句意可知破壞細(xì)菌的生長可以“阻止”蛀牙，所以A選項(xiàng)“抑制，禁止”符合題意。劃線單詞deters“阻止”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合題意。

【句意】氟化物通過減少破壞牙釉質(zhì)的細(xì)菌的生長來阻止蛀牙。

16.單選題

26-30

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Eight-year-olds.

B.Twelve-year-olds.

C.Seventeen-year-olds.

D.Adults.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheuseoffMRI.

B.Theuseofcomputertasks.

C.Thethree-waydivisionofthesubjects.

D.Theinstructionsgiventothesubjects.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.12-year-oldsrespondstronglytonegativefeedback.

B.12-year-oldsfunctionthesameas8-year-olds.

C.8-year-oldsfunctionalmostthesameasadults.

D.12-year-oldsfunctionalmostthesameasadults.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Notbad.

B.Excellent.

C.Notsogood.

D.Gotitwrongthistime.30.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Scientists.

B.Thegeneralpublic.

C.Teachersatthekindergarten.

D.ChildrenwithAttentionDeficitDisorder

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】Eight-year-oldchildrenhavearadicallydifferentlearningstrategyfromtwelve-year-oldsandadults.(29)Eight-year-oldslearnprimarilyfrompositivefeedback,whereasnegativefeedbackscarcelycausesanyalarmbellstoring.(26)Twelve-year-oldsarebetterabletoprocessnegativefeedback,anduseittolearnfromtheirmistakes.Adultsdothesame,butmoreefficiently.DrEvelineCroneandhercolleaguesfromtheLeidenBrainandCognitionLabusedfMRIresearchtocomparethebrainsofthreedifferentagegroups:childrenofeighttonineyears,childrenofeleventotwelveyears,andadultsagedbetween18and25years.(27)Thisthree-waydivisionhadneverbeenmadebefore;thecomparisonisgenerallymadebetweenchildrenandadults.Croneherselfwassurprisedattheoutcome:(28)“Wehadexpectedthatthebrainsofeight-year-oldswouldfunctioninexactlythesamewayasthebrainsoftwelve-year-olds,butmaybenotquitesowell.Childrenlearnthewholetime,sothisnewknowledgecanhavemajorconsequencesforpeoplewantingtoteachchildren:howcanyoubestrelayinstructionstoeight-andtwelve-year-olds?”Theresearchersgavechildrenofbothagegroupsandadultsaged18to25acomputertaskwhiletheylayintheMRIscanner.Thetaskrequiredthemtodiscoverrules.Iftheydidthiscorrectly,atickappearedonthescreen,otherwiseacrossappeared.MRIscansshowedwhichpartsofthebrainwereactivated.ThesesurprisingresultssetCronethinking.“Youstarttothinklessintermsof‘good’and‘notsogood’.Childrenofeightmaywellbeabletolearnextremelydifferently,onlytheydoitinadifferentway.”

26.Accordingtothetalk,whichofthefollowinggroupscanbestlearnfromtheirmistakes?

【解析】根據(jù)錄音可知，與8歲左右的孩子比較起來，12歲的孩子能接受負(fù)面反饋并從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)，成年人也會(huì)如此，但更有效率(moreefficiently)。因此，本題選D。

27.WhatisnewaboutDr.Crone’sresearch?

【解析】短文中說：Thisthree-waydivisionhadneverbeenmadebefore，即這種三個(gè)層次的分界以前從未有過。因此本題正確答案為C。

28.WhathadDr.Croneandhercolleaguesexpected?

【解析】Crone博士和同事對結(jié)果也是大吃一驚，他們原本認(rèn)為(hadexpected)8歲孩子與12歲孩子的大腦工作方式會(huì)完全一致，結(jié)果卻不是。因此本題正確答案為B。.

29.Whichofthefollowingfeedbackcanbeststimulatetheeightyear-oldstolearn?

【解析】從錄音中可知，8歲的孩子在正面反饋的刺激下會(huì)做得更好。這也是他們與12歲孩子不一樣的地方。故本題答案為A。

30.Accordingtothetalk,whichgroupofpeoplewouldlearnandbenefitmost?

【解析】錄音中提到，thisnewknowledgecanhavemajorconsequencesforpeoplewantingtoteachchildren(這種新知識(shí)對想教孩子學(xué)習(xí)的人來講有重要的意義)。因此本題正確答案為C。

17.單選題

5.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Apatient.

B.Adoctor.

C.Ateacher.

D.Astudent.

【答案】D

【解析】W:WhenaredoctorPeterman’sofficehours?

M:Monday,WednesdayandFridayfrom10a.m.tonoon.

W:That’snotveryconvenientforme.Ihavepathologyclassthen.

Q:Whatistheman?

【解析】推斷題。女士回答說：Ihavepathologyclassthen（那時(shí)我有病理學(xué)課），據(jù)此推斷他們?yōu)閷W(xué)生。

18.單選題

7.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Johnlikesgambling.

B.Johnisveryfondofhisnewboss.

C.Johnhasupsanddownsinthenewcompany.

D.Johnhasapromisingfutureinthenewcompany.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Johnwantstomoveupwardandonwardwithhisnewcompany.

M:Heiswellqualifiedandthebossisintohim.

W:Soyouthinkhewillachievehisgoal?

M:Yeah!Ibethewill.

Q:Whatdidthemanmean?

【解析】男士說John在新公司勝任新工作，受老板器重，并且肯定他會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。

19.單選題

21-25

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThecauseofCOPD.

B.Harmfuleffectsofsmoking.

C.D.B.Harmfuleffectsofsmoking.C.

D.B.Harmfuleffectsofsmoking.C.Menmoresusceptibletoharmfuleffectsofsmoking.D.Womenmoresusceptibletoharmfuleffectsofsmoking.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.954

B.955

C.1909

D.1955

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.OnMay18inSanDiego.

B.OnMay25inSanDiego.

C.OnMay18inSanFrancisco.

D.OnMay25inSanFrancisco.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Whensmokingexposureishigh.

B.Whensmokingexposureislow.

C.Whenthesubjectsreceivedmedication.

D.Whenthesubjectsstoppedsmoking.25.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Hormonedifferencesinmenandwomen.

B.Geneticdifferencesbetweenmenandwomen.

C.Women’sactivemetabolicrate.

D.Women’ssmallerairways.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】(21)Womanmaybemoresusceptibletothelung-damagingeffecttosmokingthanmen,accordingtonewresearchbyInga-CecilieSoerheim,M.D.,andhercolleaguesfromChimingLaboratory,BrighamandWomenHospitalandUniversityofBergenNorway.(22)TheyanalyzedthedatafromtheNorwegiancasecontrolstudy,including954subjectswithchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(COPD慢性阻塞性肺疾病)and955controls,allthecurrentorex-smokers.AndCOPDsubjecthadmoderateorsevereCOPD.Overallanalysisindicatedthewomenmaybemorevulnerabletotheeffecttosmoking,whichissomethingpreviouslysuspectedbutnotproven,saidDr.Soerheim.(23)ThestudyresultswouldbepresentedonMay18,atthe105thinternationalconferenceofAmericansocietyinSanDiego.Examiningthetotalstudysample,therewerenogenderdifferenceswithrespecttolungfunction(FEVI)andCOPDseverity,butthewomenwereonaverageyoungerandhadsmokedsignificantlylessthanmen.

Toexplorethesedifferencesfurther;theyalsoanalyzedtwosubgroupsofthestudysample:COPDsubjectsundertheageof60(earlyonsetgroup)andCOPDsubjectswithlessthan20packyearofsmoking(lowexposuregroup).Inbothsubgroups,womenhadmoreseverediseaseandgreaterimpairmentoflungfunctionthanmen.

“Thismeansthatfemalesmokersinourstudyexperiencedreducedlungfunctionatalowerlevelofsmokingexposureandatanearlieragethanmen,"saidDr.Soerheim.

Ithaslongbeensuspectedthattheeffectofsmokingonlungfunctionmaybemodifiedbygender.InteractionanalysisconfirmedthatbeingfemalerepresentsahigherriskofreducedlungfunctionandsevereCOPD,(24)butthisgendereffectofwasmostpronouncedwhenthelevelofsmokingexposurewaslow.ThegenderdifferenceinCOPDsusceptibilityseemstobemostimportantwhensmokingexposureislow.Womenmaytoleratesmallamountsoftobaccoworsethanmen,”Dr.Soerheimexplained.

AccordingtoDr.Soerheim,thereasonwhywomenmaybemoresusceptibletotheeffectsofcigarettesmokeisstillunknown,butthereareseveralpossibleexplanations:(25)“Womenhavesmallairways,thereforeeachcigarettesmaybemoreharm.Alsotherearegenderdifferencesinthemetabolismofcigarettesmoke,genesandhormonescouldalsobeimportant.”

21.What’sthemostlikelythetopicofthistalk?

【解析】從短文錄音的第一句便可知道答案：Womanmaybemoresusceptibletothelungdamagingeffecttosmokingthanmen。因此本題答案為D。

22.HowmanysubjectsdidDr.Soerheimrecruitedinthestudy?

【解析】根據(jù)錄音中..including954subjectswithchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(COPD)and955controls可知，總共招錄的實(shí)驗(yàn)對象（subjects)）為954+955=1909，故本題答案為C。

23.WhenandwherewasDr.Soerheimpresenttheirstudyresults?

【解析】根據(jù)錄音中的..May18,atthe115internationalconferenceofAmericandirectivesocietyinSantiago，可知本題的答案為A。

24.Accordingtothetalk,whenisthegenderdifferencemostlikelytobeobviouslyinCOPDsensibility?

【解析】從錄音中“Butthisgenderresetwasmostpronouncedwomen’slevelofsmokingexposurewaslow”可知，當(dāng)smokingexposure較低時(shí)，性別差異最明顯。

25.Whichofthefollowingisnottheexplanationforwomen’sgreatsusceptibilitytotheeffectofsmoking?

【解析】從錄音最后“Womenhavesmallairways,thereforeeatcigarettesmaydomoreharm.Alsotherearegenderdifferencesinthemetabolismofcigarettesmoke,genesandhormonescouldalsobeimportant.”可知，男女的新陳代謝和荷爾蒙差異、女性狹窄的氣道都是讓女性更容易受到吸煙后果影響的因素，但其中并未說女性比男性的新陳代謝更活躍，因此C正確。

20.單選題

12.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thewoman’sclassmate.

B.Thewoman’sboyfriend.

C.Thewoman’sbrother.

D.Thewoman’steacher.

【答案】B

【解析】M:IheardallthetimethatJohnisdatingseveralgirls.

W:Butit’snottrue,hehasexplainedeverythingtome.

M:Doyoureallybelievewhathesaid?

W:Yeah,Ibelieveinourfeelingsforeachother.

Q:WhoisJohn?

【解析】推斷題。根據(jù)對話推斷John是對話中女士的男友。

21.單選題

7.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Two.

B.Three.

C.Four.

D.Five.

【答案】B

【解析】W:NowDaddyI’mwearingthisonyourchest.It’scalledstethocope.Itmightbealittlecold,I’llwarmitup.Feeltheend,OK?FirstofallI’lllistentoyourfrontandthenyourback.

M:Shehasgonethatalotoftimes.

Q:Howmanypeoplehavebeeninvolvedinthesituation?

【解析】推斷題。父親說：Shehasgonethatalotoftimes，由此推測，本段對話中除了父女倆還有第三人的存在。

22.單選題

7.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Shedidn’tdoanythinginparticular.

B.ShesendawoundedpersontotheER.

C.ShehadtoworkintheER.

D.Shewentskiing.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Didyoudoanythingovertheweekend?

M:Notmuch.Whatdidyoudo?

W:Ihadplannedtogoskiing.ButIwoundupworkingintheER.

Q:Whatdidthewomandoovertheweekend?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。女士說：Ihadplannedtogoskiing.ButIwoundupworkingintheER(我本打算去滑雪，但不得不在設(shè)備間工作)。

23.單選題

3.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inhisbag.

B.Bythelamp.

C.Inhishouse.

D.Noideaaboutwhereheleftit.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Whatareyoulookingfor?

M:Mylaptop.Ican’tfinditinmybagoranywhere.

W:Ican’trememberyoucarryingithere.Thinkaboutitonemoretime.

M:That’sright.Ileftitathome.

Q:Whereistheman’slaptop?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士說：Ileftitathome，即他把電腦落家里了。

24.單選題

12.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Playtennis.

B.Takeoutthetrash.

C.Playcomputergames.

D.Gotocourtforalawsuit.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Howaboutthegameoftennis?

M:Ok,loser’lltakeoutthetrashforamonth.

W:It’sadeal.

M:Seeyouinthecourt.

Q:Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。女士提議說待會(huì)去打網(wǎng)球，最后男士說：Seeyouinthecourt(球場上見)。

25.單選題

1.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.About12pints.

B.About3pints.

C.About4pints.

D.About7pints.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Itwouldhelpmeifyoucouldgooverlastweekandgivemeanideahowmuchbeerdrankeachevening.

M:Well,letmesee,Iwentuptothepub4timeslastweek,anddrankabout3pintseachevening.

Q:Howmuchbeerdidthemandrinklastweek?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士說：Iwentuptothepub4timeslast