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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-北京科技大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小)題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Theofficialsaidthedevelopedcountrieshadaresponsibilitytofosterglobaleconomicgrowth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.affect

B.helptodevelop

C.upset

D.acquire

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。foster表示“促進(jìn),撫育”;A項(xiàng)affect“影響”,B項(xiàng)helptodevelop“幫助發(fā)展”,C項(xiàng)upset“使心煩,顛覆”,D項(xiàng)acquire“獲得”。句意:這位官員表示,發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家有責(zé)任促進(jìn)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。根據(jù)句意可知,foster在句中表示“促進(jìn)發(fā)展”;該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Nothingcanbemoreabsurdthantosaythathumanbeingsaredoomed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compelling

B.rational

C.ridiculous

D.ambiguous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。absurd表示“荒謬的”;A項(xiàng)compelling“引人注目的,令人信服的”,B項(xiàng)rational“合理的,理性的”,C項(xiàng)ridiculous“可笑的,荒謬的”,D項(xiàng)ambiguous“模糊不清的,模棱兩可的”。句意:沒有什么比說人類命中注定更荒謬的了。根據(jù)句意可知C項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Assuminglythathedisagreeswithourproposal,whatshallwedonext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.If

B.Whatif

C.When

D.Whatabout

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析與條件狀語(yǔ)從句。Assumingly的動(dòng)詞原形是assume,放在句首表示疑問“假定,假使”;A項(xiàng)if“如果”,一般用法為ifthat+從句;B項(xiàng)whatif“假使……將會(huì)怎么樣”,用法為whatif+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ);C項(xiàng)when“何時(shí)”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;D項(xiàng)whatabout“怎么樣”,引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句。句意:假如他不同意我們的建議,那我們下一步怎么辦?根據(jù)句意可知,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Scientistsmaintainthatfeathersinitiallydevelopedfrominsectscales.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.surprisingly

B.originally

C.self-evidently

D.mostly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。initially表示“最初地”;A項(xiàng)surprisingly“驚人地,出人意料地”,B項(xiàng)originally“最初”,C項(xiàng)self-evidently“不言而喻地”,D項(xiàng)mostly“主要地,多半地”。句意:科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為,羽毛最初是由昆蟲的鱗片進(jìn)化而來的。根據(jù)句意可知,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Today’sconsumerwantsuniqueandbeautifulhandcraftedobjectstowearandtohaveforhomeenvironment.Eachconsumerisanindividual.Heprefersobjectswhichareuniqueandhedemandsquality.Craftsmentodayaremeetingthisdemand.Peopleandhomesareshowinggreatchangeasaresultoftheuniquehandcrafteditemsavailable.

Craftsarebigbusiness.Nolongerdoesagoodcraftsmanhavetoworkinajobhedislikesalldayandthentrytocreateatnightandonweekends.Hehasearnedhisprofessionalstatus.Heisnowarespected,contributingmemberoftoday’ssociety.

Partofthefunofbeingacraftsmanismeetingothercraftsmen.Theyareinteresting.Excitingpeople,youngorold.Theylovetosharetheirideasandmaterialsandtohelpothersfindmarketsfortheirwork.Theyenjoyteachingotherstheirspecialskills.

Craftsmenhavehelpededucateconsumerstomakewisechoices.Theyhelpthembecomeawareofdesignandtechnique.Theyhelpthemrelatetheirchoicetoitsintendeduse.Theyofteninvolvetheconsumerintryingthecrafthimself.

Somecraftsaredoneinleisuretimeforpleasureorforextraincome.Moreandmorearedoneseriouslyfortotalincome.Learningthemarketingofcraftsisimportanttoallwhowishtoearnalivingbytheirtalentandskill.

Craftsmenoftenexchangeideasandresources.Asthisgroupexpandstoincludemorememberswithlikeinterestsandstandards,asmallcraftorganizationisformed.Laterthesegroupsmaybecomeachapterofastateguildiftheyhavemaintainedstandardsrequiredbytheguild.

Manyopportunitiesarethenavailable:trainingworkshopsinspecialmedia,craftmarketingtechniques,craftfairsandsalesfestivals,TVappearances,anddemonstrations.

Stateartscouncilshelpinpartiallysponsoringlocalartsandcraftsfestivals.Oftentheywillhelpaneworganizationwithsomebeginningworkshops.Somestateartscouncilshelpwithmarketingtraining.Bothguildsandsmallcraftgroupsworkingtogetherbringspecialstatustotheirstate.Theydrewcrowdsoftouristconsumerstoattendtheirfestivalsandfairs.Thisbooststheeconomyoftheareaconsiderablybecausethetouristsnotonlybuycrafts,buttheyalsousetherestaurantsandmotelsandotherservicesofthearea.

Historicalvillages,countrystores,privatelyownedshops,andgalleriesareafewoutletsthathavedevelopedtosellthequalityproductsoflocalcraftsmen.

1.Inthesecondparagraphtheauthorimpliesthat().

2.Craftsmenhavehelpedconsumersto().

3.Ifacraftsmanwantstoliveonhisskills,hehasto().

4.Specifically,“guild”inthistextrefersto().

5.Whichofthefollowingideadoesthetextintendtoexpress?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.agoodcraftsmannowadayscandevotemostofhisdaytocreatingt

B.craftsmenhavealwaysbeenregardedwithrespectt

C.craftsusedtobedoneinleisuretimet

D.craftsmendonothavetoworkashardastheyusedtot

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.appreciatethebeautyofhandcraftedobjectst

B.appraisethequalityofhandcraftedobjectst

C.gainsomebasicknowledgeaboutcraftst

D.selectproperhandcraftedobjectst

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.joinacraftorganizationt

B.begoodatsellingt

C.consultthestateartscouncilt

D.exchangeideasandresourceswithothercraftsment

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.anorganizationofworkerswhichrepresentstheirinterestst

B.asocietywhichhasbeenformedforpoliticalreasonst

C.afoundationwhichprovidesmoneyforaspecialpurposet

D.anassociationofskilledworkerswhohavesimilarinterestst

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.“Craftsmen:Past&Present”t

B.“Crafts:ForWhomAreTheyMade.”t

C.“Crafts:BoomingBusiness.”t

D.“Craftsmen:PeopleintheKnow.”

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“在第二段作者暗示……”。第二段提到Nolongerdoesagoodcraftsmanhavetoworkinajobhedislikesalldayandthentrytocreateatnightandonweekends.(一個(gè)好的工匠不再需要整天從事他不喜歡的工作,然后在晚上和周末嘗試創(chuàng)造),由此可推斷,一個(gè)好的工匠不再需要整天從事他不喜歡的工作,可以把時(shí)間放在創(chuàng)作上,故A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)好的工匠可以把一天中的大部分時(shí)間用來創(chuàng)作”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“工匠一直受到尊重”,第二段最后一句說到Heisnowarespected,contributingmemberoftoday’ssociety.(他現(xiàn)在是當(dāng)今社會(huì)受人尊敬、有貢獻(xiàn)的一員),文中用到了now,可知工匠過去可能沒有受人尊敬,B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;C項(xiàng)“過去人們?cè)陂e暇時(shí)間做工藝品”和D項(xiàng)“工匠不需要像他們過去那樣努力工作”在第二段沒有提及。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“工匠已經(jīng)幫助顧客……”。第四段提到Craftsmenhavehelpededucateconsumerstomakewisechoices.(工匠幫助教消費(fèi)者做出明智的選擇),可知D項(xiàng)“選擇合適的手工制品”正確;A項(xiàng)“欣賞手工制品的美”和B項(xiàng)“評(píng)價(jià)手工制品的質(zhì)量”沒有提及;C項(xiàng)“獲得一些關(guān)于手工藝的基本知識(shí)”,第四段第二句提到Theyhelpthembecomeawareofdesignandtechnique.(他們幫助他們了解設(shè)計(jì)和技術(shù)),由此可知,工匠幫助消費(fèi)者了解技術(shù)和設(shè)計(jì),但并沒有提到技術(shù)和設(shè)計(jì)就是關(guān)于手工藝的基本知識(shí)。故該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“如果一個(gè)工匠想靠他的技術(shù)生活,他必須……”。第八段第一句提到Stateartscouncilshelpinpartiallysponsoringlocalartsandcraftsfestivals.(學(xué)習(xí)工藝品的市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷對(duì)所有希望依靠自己的才能和技能謀生的人來說是很重要的),由此推斷,如果一個(gè)工匠希望依靠自己的技能謀生,那么他需要學(xué)習(xí)市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷,故B項(xiàng)“擅長(zhǎng)銷售”正確。A項(xiàng)“加入一個(gè)手工藝組織”、C項(xiàng)“咨詢國(guó)家藝術(shù)委員會(huì)”和D項(xiàng)“與其他工匠交流思想和資源”是工匠提高自己技能所要做的事情,與題干不符。故該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。題干意思是“具體來說,本文中的‘guild’指的是……”。根據(jù)“guild”定位到文章第六段,Craftsmenoftenexchangeideasandresources.Asthisgroupexpandstoincludemorememberswithlikeinterestsandstandards,asmallcraftorganizationisformed.Laterthesegroupsmaybecomeachapterofastateguildiftheyhavemaintainedstandardsrequiredbytheguild.(工匠們經(jīng)常交流思想和資源;隨著這個(gè)群體的擴(kuò)大,包括更多有相同興趣和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的成員,一個(gè)小型工藝組織就形成了;如果他們保持了行會(huì)要求的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),之后這些團(tuán)體可能會(huì)成為州行會(huì)的一個(gè)分會(huì)),由此可知,guild本意是“協(xié)會(huì),行會(huì)”,在這里指的是“有相似興趣和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的手藝人組成的組織”,因此D項(xiàng)“一個(gè)有相似興趣的手藝人協(xié)會(huì)”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“代表手藝人興趣的組織”表述不夠全面;B項(xiàng)“一個(gè)因政治原因而形成的社會(huì)”和C項(xiàng)“為特殊目的提供資金的基金會(huì)”表述與原文不符合。故該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章想表達(dá)下列哪一種觀點(diǎn)?”。通讀全文可知,本文主要介紹了手工藝人和手工藝行業(yè)在過去和現(xiàn)在的發(fā)展情況,故A項(xiàng)“工匠:過去與現(xiàn)在”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“手工藝品:為誰(shuí)制作”、C項(xiàng)“工藝:蓬勃發(fā)展的生意”和D項(xiàng)“工匠:知情者”都比較片面。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

OilcompaniesintheU.S.arealreadybeginningtofeelthepressureasaresultofwhichrefineryworkersandpetroleum-equipment-manufacturingemployeesarebeing().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.laidout

B.laidoff

C.laiddown

D.laidaside

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)layout“展示,安排”,B項(xiàng)layoff“解雇,休息”,C項(xiàng)laydown“放下,制定”,D項(xiàng)layaside“擱置,儲(chǔ)蓄”。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞workers(工人)和employees(雇員)可猜測(cè),空格部分表示“解雇”,因此四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有B項(xiàng)符合。句意:美國(guó)的石油公司已經(jīng)開始感受到壓力,因?yàn)闊捰凸と撕褪驮O(shè)備制造員工正在被裁員。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

7.翻譯題

Oneoftheunintendedconsequencesoftheflatteningworldisthatitputsdifferentsocietiesandculturesinmuchgreaterdirectcontactwithoneanother.Itconnectspeopletopeoplemuchfasterthanpeopleandculturescanoftenpreparethemselves.Someculturesthriveonthesuddenopportunitiesforcollaborationthatthisglobalintimacymakespossible.Othersarefrustrated,andevenhumiliatedbythisclosecontact,which,amongotherthings,makesiteasyforpeopletoseewheretheystandintheworldinrelationtoeveryoneelse.Allofthishelpstoaccountfortheemergenceofoneofthemostdevastatingforcestoday—thesuicidebombersandotherterroristorganizationswhichhavenoregardforhumanlivesandwhichitisinourbestinteresttowipeout.

【答案】答:

世界扁平化的一個(gè)意想不到的后果是,它使不同的社會(huì)和文化可以更多地直接接觸。人們之間聯(lián)系的速度之快使人和社會(huì)措手不及。一些文化因全球親密關(guān)系突然帶來的合作機(jī)會(huì)而蓬勃發(fā)展。另一些文化則因?yàn)檫@種親密接觸而感到沮喪,甚至感到自尊受到傷害,原因是這種親密接觸的后果之一:使人們輕易地發(fā)現(xiàn)彼此在世界中的位置。所有這些都有助于解釋為什么出現(xiàn)了當(dāng)今最具破壞性的力量之一——自殺式炸彈襲擊者和其他恐怖主義組織,他們不顧人的生命,消滅他們最符合我們的利益。

8.單選題

Thecitywasvirtuallyparalyzedbythetransitstrikeforbetterwages.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subjectively

B.imaginably

C.positively

D.practically

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。Virtually表示“事實(shí)上,幾乎”;A項(xiàng)subjectively“主觀地,臆想地”,B項(xiàng)imaginably“可想象地”,C項(xiàng)positively“積極地”,D項(xiàng)practically“實(shí)際上,幾乎”。句意:因?yàn)楣卉囁緳C(jī)要求漲薪的大罷工,這座城市陷入癱瘓。根據(jù)句意可知D項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Ifyoubecomereconciledtoyourlot,youwillnevergetanewstartinlife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.submissive

B.resistant

C.tolerable

D.committed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。reconcile表示“和解,調(diào)節(jié)”;A項(xiàng)submissive“順從的,服從的”,B項(xiàng)resistant“抵抗的,反抗的”,C項(xiàng)tolerable“可以容忍的”,D項(xiàng)committed“堅(jiān)定的,忠誠(chéng)的”。句意:如果你甘心于自己的命運(yùn),你將永遠(yuǎn)無法重新開始生活。根據(jù)句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Toachievesustainabledevelopment,the()ofresourcesisassumingnewimportance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conservation

B.reservation

C.exhaustion

D.devastation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)conservation“保護(hù),保存”,B項(xiàng)reservation“預(yù)定”,C項(xiàng)exhaustion“筋疲力盡”,D項(xiàng)devastation“毀壞”。根據(jù)后面的resource可知句意:為了實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展,儲(chǔ)備資源正具有新的重要性。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Thestrongerthemotivation,themorequicklyapersonwilllearnaforeignlanguage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.superstition

B.worship

C.purpose

D.desire

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。motivation表示“動(dòng)機(jī),推動(dòng)”;A項(xiàng)superstition“迷信”,B項(xiàng)worship“崇拜,尊敬”,C項(xiàng)purpose“目的”,D項(xiàng)desire“欲望”。句意:一個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的動(dòng)機(jī)越強(qiáng),就會(huì)學(xué)得越快。根據(jù)句意可知,只有D項(xiàng)意思與之相近,故該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Eyespots,themostrudimentaryeyes,arefoundinprotozoanflagellates,flatworms,andsegmentedworms.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.principal

B.perceptive

C.primitive

D.persistent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。rudimentary表示“基本的,退化的,未發(fā)展的”;A項(xiàng)principal“主要的,資本的”,B項(xiàng)perceptive“洞察力強(qiáng)的,思維敏捷的”,C項(xiàng)primitive“原始的,遠(yuǎn)古的”,D項(xiàng)persistent“執(zhí)著的,堅(jiān)持不懈的”。句意:眼斑存在于原生動(dòng)物鞭毛蟲、扁蟲和分節(jié)蟲中,是未發(fā)展的眼睛。根據(jù)句意可知,rudimentary在句子中表示“原始的,未進(jìn)化的”意思,只有C項(xiàng)符合。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

We’retalkingaboutmoneyhere,andthethingsyoubuywithit—andaboutwhatattitudeweshouldtaketospending.

Acrossmostofhistoryandinmostcultures,therehasbeenageneralagreementthatweshouldworkhard,saveforthefutureandspendnomorethanwecanafford.It’snicetohaveacomfortableliferightnow,butitisbesttothinkofthefuture.Yeteconomistshavelongknownthatthingsdon’tworkoutthatway.Theypointtoanideacalledthe“paradoxofthrift”.Imagineyouaretheownerofabigbusinessmakingconsumergoods.Youwantyourownstafftoworkhardandsavetheirmoney.Thatway,youdon’thavetopaythemasmuch.Butyouwanteverybodyelsetospendallthemoneytheycan.Thatwayyoumakebiggerprofits.

It’saproblemonaglobalscale.ManypeopleintheUKandtheUnitedStatesareworriedaboutlevelsofpersonaldebt.Yetifpeoplesuddenlystoppedbuyingthingsandstartedpayingbackwhattheyowetocreditcardcompanies,alltheeconomiesoftheWesternworldwouldcollapse.Thebankswouldbehappy,buteverybodyelsewouldbeintrouble.

Traditionally,economistshavebelievedthatspendingmoneyisaboutmakingrationalchoices.Peoplebuythingstomaketheirlifebetterinsomeway.Butinrecentyears,theyhavenoticedthatpeopleoftendonotactuallybehaveinthatway.Weallknowpeoplewhotakepleasureinbuyinguselessthings.Andtherearemanypeoplearoundwhowon’tbuythingsthattheyneed.

Inarecentseriesofexperiments,scientistsatStanfordUniversityintheUSconfirmedsomethingthatmanypeoplehavelongsuspected.Peoplespendmoneybecausetheactofbuyinggivesthempleasure.Andtheyrefusetospendwhenitcausesthempain.Thescientistsdiscoveredthatdifferentareasofthebrainthatanticipatepleasureandpainbecomemoreactivewhenwearemakingadecisiontobuythings.Peoplewhospendalothavetheirpleasurecentersstimulated.Peoplewholiketosavefindbuyingthingspainful.

Ifyouthinkyoureallywantthatproductbecauseit’sbeautifuloruseful,youarewrong,saythescientists.Thedesiretobuysomethingisaproductofthereactionbetweenchemicalsreleasedbydifferentpartsofthebrainwhentheeyesseeaproduct.

1.Acrossmostofhistoryandinmostcultures,peopleareadvisedto().

2.Accordingtothecontext“paradox”(inParagraph2)probablymeans“()”.

3.ItisimpliedthatmanypeopleintheUKandtheUnitedStates().

4.Accordingtotheresentstudiesmadebyeconomists,people().

5.IthasbeenprovedbythescientistsatStanfordUniversitythatsomepeopleliketosavemoneybecause().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enjoytheirpresentlifeasmuchaspossiblet

B.spendeverypennytheyhaveearnedt

C.saveeverypennyforthefuturet

D.savesomemoneyforlateruset

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.contradictiont

B.hypothesist

C.declarationt

D.assertiont

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.havetoworkhardtomakeendsmeett

B.spendmorethantheycanaffordt

C.havetroubleinpayingbacktheirdebtst

D.don’tpaybacktheirdebtsontimet

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.takepleasureinbuyinguselessthingst

B.won’tbuythingsthattheyneedt

C.spendtheirmoneyirrationallyt

D.makerationalchoiceswhilespendingtheirmoneyt

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theylikekeepingtheirmoneyinthebankt

B.theywillfeelsafeiftheysaveenoughmoneyforthefuturet

C.theydon’twanttospendtheirmoneyonuselessthingst

D.spendingmoneygivesthempain

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“在大多數(shù)歷史和文化中,人們都被建議去做……”。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句Acrossmostofhistoryandinmostcultures,therehasbeenageneralagreementthatweshouldworkhard,saveforthefutureandspendnomorethanwecanafford.(縱觀歷史,在大多數(shù)文化中,人們普遍認(rèn)為,我們應(yīng)該努力工作,為未來儲(chǔ)蓄,支出不能超過我們的負(fù)擔(dān)能力)可知,在大多數(shù)歷史和文化中,人們都被建議努力工作,為未來儲(chǔ)蓄,因此D項(xiàng)“存一些錢以后用”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“盡可能享受他們現(xiàn)在的生活”,原文提到“努力工作”,所以A項(xiàng)內(nèi)容不正確;B項(xiàng)“花他們賺的每一分錢”,內(nèi)容與原文相反;C項(xiàng)“為將來節(jié)省每一分錢”,原文提到“支出不能超過我們的負(fù)擔(dān)能力”,所以在正常的支出范圍內(nèi)可以進(jìn)行必要的消費(fèi),C項(xiàng)內(nèi)容太絕對(duì)。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,第二段的‘paradox’的意思可能是……”。根據(jù)文章定位到第二段第四句Theypointtoanideacalledthe“paradoxofthrift”(他們提出了一個(gè)名為“paradoxofthrift”的觀點(diǎn)),上文提到傳統(tǒng)的觀念是努力工作并為未來儲(chǔ)蓄,但經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家并不這樣認(rèn)為;后文接著舉例闡述了paradoxofthrift這一概念,Imagineyouaretheownerofabigbusinessmakingconsumergoods.Youwantyourownstafftoworkhardandsavetheirmoney.Thatway,youdon’thavetopaythemasmuch.Butyouwanteverybodyelsetospendallthemoneytheycan.Thatwayyoumakebiggerprofits.(設(shè)想你是一家生產(chǎn)消費(fèi)品的大公司的老板,你希望自己的員工努力工作并省錢,這樣的話你就不用付他們那么多錢了;但你想讓其他人盡可能多花錢,這樣你就能獲得更大的利潤(rùn)),由這個(gè)例子可知,傳統(tǒng)觀念提倡存錢,但經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)上來說老板會(huì)更希望人們盡可能多的花錢,所以前后不一致,根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thrift(節(jié)儉)和上下文語(yǔ)境可知,paradox表示“悖論”,故A項(xiàng)“矛盾”更符合。B項(xiàng)“假設(shè)”,文章是通過假設(shè)來解釋這個(gè)“節(jié)儉悖論”,所以B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;C項(xiàng)“公告”和D項(xiàng)“斷言,聲明”都不符合paradox的詞義。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“它暗示著許多人在英國(guó)和美國(guó)……”。第三段前兩句指出ManypeopleintheUKandtheUnitedStatesareworriedaboutlevelsofpersonaldebt.Yetifpeoplesuddenlystoppedbuyingthingsandstartedpayingbackwhattheyowetocreditcardcompanies,alltheeconomiesoftheWesternworldwouldcollapse.(英國(guó)和美國(guó)的許多人都對(duì)個(gè)人債務(wù)水平感到擔(dān)憂;然而,如果人們突然停止購(gòu)物,開始償還他們欠信用卡公司的錢,西方世界的所有經(jīng)濟(jì)都會(huì)崩潰),由此可以推斷,英美國(guó)家的人們普遍有使用信用卡提前消費(fèi)的習(xí)慣,所以他們實(shí)際的支出是超出了他們能夠負(fù)擔(dān)的范圍,故B項(xiàng)“花費(fèi)超出他們的負(fù)擔(dān)能力”正確。A項(xiàng)“必須努力工作才能收支平衡”,內(nèi)容不符合題干;C項(xiàng)“償還債務(wù)有困難”內(nèi)容比較片面;D項(xiàng)“不按時(shí)償還債務(wù)”文中沒提到。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家最近的研究,人們……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第四段Traditionally,economistshavebelievedthatspendingmoneyisaboutmakingrationalchoices.Peoplebuythingstomaketheirlifebetterinsomeway.Butinrecentyears,theyhavenoticedthatpeopleoftendonotactuallybehaveinthatway.(傳統(tǒng)上,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為花錢是理性的選擇;人們買東西在某種程度上是為了讓他們的生活更好;但近年來,他們注意到人們通常不會(huì)那樣做),可知經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為花錢是理性的選擇,但人們?cè)谀撤N程度上并沒有理性消費(fèi),所以可以推斷人們花錢是不理智的,故C項(xiàng)“不理智地花錢”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“以買無用的東西為樂”和B項(xiàng)“不會(huì)買自己需要的東西”都只是不理智花錢的一部分,比較片面;D項(xiàng)“在花錢的時(shí)候做出理性的選擇”,內(nèi)容與原文相反。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“斯坦福大學(xué)的科學(xué)家已經(jīng)證明,有些人喜歡存錢是因?yàn)椤?。根?jù)題干定位到文章第五段Peoplespendmoneybecausetheactofbuyinggivesthempleasure.Andtheyrefusetospendwhenitcausesthempain.Thescientistsdiscoveredthatdifferentareasofthebrainthatanticipatepleasureandpainbecomemoreactivewhenwearemakingadecisiontobuythings.(人們花錢是因?yàn)橘?gòu)買行為能給他們帶來快樂;他們拒絕消費(fèi),因?yàn)檫@會(huì)給他們帶來痛苦;科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)我們做出購(gòu)買決定時(shí),大腦中預(yù)測(cè)快樂和痛苦的不同區(qū)域會(huì)變得更加活躍),由此我們可以推測(cè),有些人不喜歡購(gòu)物而喜歡存錢是因?yàn)橘I東西會(huì)讓他們覺得很痛苦,故D項(xiàng)“花錢給他們帶來痛苦”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“他們喜歡把錢存在銀行里”和B項(xiàng)“如果他們?yōu)槲磥泶孀銐虻腻X,他們就會(huì)感到安全”文中都沒有提到;C項(xiàng)“他們不想把錢花在沒用的東西上”,內(nèi)容不符合原文。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Thosestudentswhohavemadeadequatepreparationsforthetestwillbebetteroff.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.morewealthyt

B.lesssuccessfult

C.dismissedearliert

D.favorablypositioned

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞語(yǔ)辨析。主語(yǔ)是students(學(xué)生),根據(jù)句子語(yǔ)境推測(cè)betteroff表示“表現(xiàn)好,排名靠前”;A項(xiàng)wealthy“富有的”,它的比較級(jí)形式是wealthier;B項(xiàng)lesssuccessful“不太成功”,C項(xiàng)dismissedearlier“更早淘汰”,D項(xiàng)favorablypositioned“很好的排名,排名靠前”。句意:那些為考試做了充分準(zhǔn)備的學(xué)生排名靠前。根據(jù)句意可知D項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Theirclaimstodamageshavenotbeenconvincingly().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.refuted

B.overwhelmed

C.depressed

D.intimidated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)refute“反駁,駁斥”,B項(xiàng)overwhelm“淹沒,壓倒”,C項(xiàng)depress“壓抑,使沮喪”,D項(xiàng)intimidate“恐嚇,威脅”。根據(jù)句子意思“他們對(duì)損害賠償?shù)囊筮€沒有被令人信服地()”可知,空格部分填入refute表示“駁倒”最符合句意。句意:他們提出的損害賠償要求沒有被有說服力地駁倒。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

16.翻譯題

Apartfromflights,telephonesandtelevision,oneofthemostsignificantwaysinwhichlifeinthetwentiethcenturydiffersfromantiquityisthepervasivepresenceofclocks.OurlivesarescheduledaroundspecifictimesandintervalsinafashionthatwouldhavebeenimpossibleinancientRome.

Whenandhowdidthisprofoundchangecomeabout?Didmonasteriesacquirethefirstclocksandthen,inleaguewithanemergingmerchantclass,enforcetheirownrigidtimestandardsonthesurroundingpopulace?Thisview—theacceptedinterpretationforatleast50year—iscarefullydissectedandchallengedinDohrn-vanRossum’srevisionistaccount.

【答案】除了飛機(jī)、電話和電視之外,二十世紀(jì)的生活與古代最重要的不同之處之一就是時(shí)鐘的普遍使用。我們習(xí)慣于將生活細(xì)分到具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)和事件單,這在古羅馬是不可能出現(xiàn)的。

這種深刻的變化是何時(shí)以及如何發(fā)生的?是修道院在獲得了第一個(gè)時(shí)鐘之后,聯(lián)合新興的商人階級(jí)把他們嚴(yán)格的時(shí)間觀念強(qiáng)加給普通大眾的嗎?在至少50年的時(shí)間里,這種觀點(diǎn)被大眾所認(rèn)可并受到了Dohrn-vanRossum的修正主義的仔細(xì)分析和挑戰(zhàn)。

17.單選題

Globalwarmingposesathreattotheearth,buthumanscanprobablyeasetheclimatethreatsbroughtonbyrisinglevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,globalclimatespecialistRichardAlleytoldanaudienceattheUniversityofVermont,AlleysaidhisresearchinGreenlandsuggestedthatsubtlechangesinatmosphericpatternsleavepartsoftheglobesusceptibletoabruptanddramaticclimateshiftsthatcanlastdecadesorcenturies.

Almostallscientistsagreethatincreasinglevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmospherecreatedashumansburnfossilfueliswarmingtheplanet.Howtorespondtothewarmingisamatterofintensepolitical,scientificandeconomicdebateworldwide.

Alleysaidhewasupbeataboutglobalwarmingbecauseenoughcleverpeopleexistedintheworldtofindotherreliableenergysourcesbesidesfossilfuels.Hesaidpeoplecangetrichfindingmarketablealternativestofossilfuel.“Wouldn’titbeusefuliftheUnitedStatesweretohaveapieceoftheaction.Wouldn’titbeusefulifsomebrightstudentsfromUniversityofVermontweretohaveapieceoftheaction,”Alleysaid.

AlleysaidthatEuropeandpartsofeasternNorthAmericacouldinamatterofafewyearsreverttoacold,windyregion,liketheweatherinSiberia.Suchshiftshaveoccurredfrequentlyoverthemillennia,Alley’sresearchshows.Agradualchangeinatmospherictemperature,suchasglobalwarming,couldpushtheclimatetoathresholdwheresuchashiftsuddenlyoccurs,hesaid.

Alleytoldhisaudienceofabout200peopleinaUniversityofVermontlecturehallWednesdayeveningthathecouldn’tpredictif,whenorwheresuddenshiftstowardcold,heat,droughtorwatercouldoccurunderglobalwarming,butitissomethingeveryoneshouldconsider.

“Thisisnotthebiggestproblemintheworld.Thebiggestproblemintheworldisgettingalongwitheachother.Butit’spartofthatbecausewe’renotgoingtogetalongwitheachotherifwe’renotgettingalongwiththeplanet,”Alleysaid.

1.AccordingtoAlleytheclimatethreatstotheearthbroughtbyglobalwarming().

2.Alley’sresearchshowsthatdramaticclimatechangesmaybecausedby().

3.Theword“upbeat”(inParagraph3)probablymeans().

4.WhatdoesAlleysuggestpeopledoinordertoreduceglobalwarming?

5.AlleypredictsthatglobalwarmingcouldturnEuropeandpartsofeasternNorthAmericainto().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.canbeeasedt

B.canbeendedt

C.willbecomeworset

D.willlastfordecadest

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.abruptchangesinatmosphericpatternst

B.subtlechangesinatmosphericpatternst

C.humans’burningoffossilfuelt

D.increasinglevelsofcarbondioxidet

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.pessimistict

B.optimistict

C.worriedt

D.insensiblet

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Tofindotherenergysourcesbesidesfossilfuels.t

B.Tostartapolitical,scientificandeconomicdebate.t

C.Totakeactiontoburnnofossilfuels.t

D.Tocallonpeopleworldwidetoprotectourearth.t

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.aregionlikeSiberiat

B.awarmerandwarmerplacet

C.atropicalregiont

D.aplacelikeNorthPole

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)Alley的說法,全球變暖給地球帶來的氣候威脅……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第一段第一句Globalwarmingposesathreattotheearth,buthumanscanprobablyeasetheclimatethreatsbroughtonbyrisinglevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,globalclimatespecialistRichardAlleytoldanaudienceattheUniversityofVermont(全球氣候?qū)<依聿榈?阿利在佛蒙特大學(xué)的一次演講中表示,全球變暖對(duì)地球構(gòu)成威脅,但人類或許可以緩解大氣中二氧化碳含量上升帶來的氣候威脅),由此可知A項(xiàng)“可以得到緩解”正確。B項(xiàng)“可以結(jié)束”和C項(xiàng)“會(huì)變得更糟糕”文中沒有提及;D項(xiàng)“會(huì)持續(xù)數(shù)十年”,根據(jù)第一段AlleysaidhisresearchinGreenlandsuggestedthatsubtlechangesinatmosphericpatternsleavepartsoftheglobesusceptibletoabruptanddramaticclimateshiftsthatcanlastdecadesorcenturies(阿利說,他在格陵蘭島的研究表明,大氣模式的微妙變化使全球部分地區(qū)容易受到可能持續(xù)數(shù)十年或數(shù)百年的突然和劇烈氣候變化的影響)可知,D項(xiàng)內(nèi)容比較片面。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“阿利的研究表明,劇烈的氣候變化可能是由于……”。根據(jù)第一段最后一句AlleysaidhisresearchinGreenlandsuggestedthatsubtlechangesinatmosphericpatternsleavepartsoftheglobesusceptibletoabruptanddramaticclimateshiftsthatcanlastdecadesorcenturies(阿利說,他在格陵蘭島的研究表明,大氣模式的微妙變化使全球部分地區(qū)容易受到可能持續(xù)數(shù)十年或數(shù)百年的突然和劇烈氣候變化的影響)可知,劇烈的氣候變化可能是由于大氣模式的微妙變化;因此B項(xiàng)“大氣模式的細(xì)微變化”正確。A項(xiàng)“大氣模式的突變”,內(nèi)容與原文相反;C項(xiàng)“人類燃燒化石燃料”和D項(xiàng)“不斷增加的二氧化碳含量”是表面現(xiàn)象,故不選。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。題干意思是“第三段的‘upbeat’的意思可能是……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第三段開頭Alleysaidhewasupbeataboutglobalwarmingbecauseenoughcleverpeopleexistedintheworldtofindotherreliableenergysourcesbesidesfossilfuels.(阿利說,他對(duì)全球變暖持upbeat的態(tài)度,因?yàn)槭澜缟嫌凶銐蚨嗟穆斆魅四軌蛘业交剂弦酝獾钠渌煽磕茉矗?,從句子的后半部分可以推測(cè),因?yàn)橛凶銐蚨嗟娜四軌蛘业娇商娲哪茉?,所以Alley對(duì)全球變暖是比較樂觀的態(tài)度,所以u(píng)pbeat這里表示的是“樂觀的”,故B項(xiàng)“樂觀的”正確。A項(xiàng)“悲觀的,厭世的”、C項(xiàng)“擔(dān)憂的”和D項(xiàng)“麻木不仁的”均不正確,無法從文章中推敲出來。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“為了減少全球變暖,阿利建議人們做什么?”。根據(jù)第三段第二句Hesaidpeoplecangetrichfindingmarketablealternativestofossilfuel(他說,人們可以通過尋找豐富的有市場(chǎng)價(jià)值的化石燃料替代品)可知,A項(xiàng)“尋找化石燃料之外的其他能源”正確。B項(xiàng)“開始一場(chǎng)政治、科學(xué)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的辯論”沒有提到;C項(xiàng)“采取行動(dòng)不燃燒化石燃料”,這只是一部分,不夠全面;D項(xiàng)“號(hào)召全世界的人們保護(hù)我們的地球”也沒有提及。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“阿利預(yù)測(cè),全球變暖將使歐洲和北美東部部分地區(qū)變成……”。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句AlleysaidthatEuropeandpartsofeasternNorthAmericacouldinamatterofafewyearsreverttoacold,windyregion,liketheweatherinSiberia.(阿利說,歐洲和北美東部部分地區(qū)可能在幾年內(nèi)恢復(fù)到寒冷多風(fēng)的地區(qū),就像西伯利亞的天氣一樣),由此可知A項(xiàng)“像西伯利亞這樣的地區(qū)”正確。B項(xiàng)“一個(gè)越來越暖和的地方”和C項(xiàng)“熱帶地區(qū)”內(nèi)容與原文相反;D項(xiàng)“像北極這樣的地方”,原文提到了“就像西伯利亞的天氣一樣”,所以D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Thetiesthatbindustogetherincommonactivityareso()thattheycandisappearatanymoment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.trivial

B.fatal

C.tentative

D.feeble

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)trivial“不重要的,瑣碎的”,B項(xiàng)fatal“致命的,量大的”,C項(xiàng)tentative“試驗(yàn)性的,暫定的”,D項(xiàng)feeble“微弱的,無力的”。根據(jù)句子意思“把我們聯(lián)系在一起從事共同活動(dòng)的紐帶是如此的()以至于它們隨時(shí)都可能消失”,把四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別代入,只有feeble最符合句子意思。句意:把我們聯(lián)系在一起從事共同活動(dòng)的紐帶是如此微弱,它們隨時(shí)可能消失。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Deceptivelysimpleindesign,thesculpturalworksofGeorgeNortonincorporateabroadrangeoftextures,sizes,andcontours.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Misleadingly

B.Generally

C.Noticeably

D.Exceptionally

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。deceptively表示“看似,不像看上去那么”;A項(xiàng)misleadingly“誤導(dǎo)性地”,B項(xiàng)generally“通常地”,C項(xiàng)noticeably“顯著地,明顯地”,D項(xiàng)exceptionally“異常地,特殊地”。句意:看似簡(jiǎn)單的設(shè)計(jì),喬治諾頓的雕塑作品融合了廣泛的紋理、尺寸和輪廓的奧妙。根據(jù)句意可知,前面是對(duì)比的關(guān)系,那么只有misleadingly能夠替換劃線的單詞,故該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

WhatweseewhenwephotographtheSunisahugeglowingballofgas.Underneaththishotandextremelybrightphotosphereliesothergaswhile,inthecentralpartsoftheSun,atomsarecontinuallybeingbrokendownandbuiltup.InthecenteroftheSunitisjustasifhundredsofthousandsofhydrogenbombswerecontinuallyexploding,andtheresultsofthisreachthephotosphere.Thisiswhythephotosphereshinessobrightlyandsendsoutx-raysandultra-violetlight.Yetsometimesdarkspotsappearonthephotosphereandthese“sunspots”areevidenceofgreatlyincreasedactivitybelow.Whensunspotsappear,greatburstsofthelongerradiowavesareoftenreceived.Theseareathousandtimesmoreintensethanthosewhichradio-astronomersnormallyreceiveandwhichcomesfromwhatiscalled“quiet”Sun,beingradiatedbythecoronaandthe“chromospheres”thatlayerofnotverybrightgaswhichliesjustabovethephotosphere.

Theseimmenseburstsofradiowavesareusuallyaccompaniedbyanintenselybrightareaof“flare”nearasunspot,anditisclearthattheyarecausedbyasuddenburstofthermalradiationfrombelowthephotosphere.ThevisibleflareandtheburstofradiowavesarealsoaccompaniedbyaburstofX-rays,ultra-violetrays,andatomicparticles.

Whentherearesunspotsbutnoflaresaccompanyingthem,theradiowavesemittedbythe“quiet”sundonotremainconstantbutbegantofluctuate,andtheradiosignalsgraduallybecomestronger.Thesechangesdonotcorrelatewithchangesinthenumberofsunspots,althoughithasbeenemittedbythe“quiet”Sundonotremainconstantbutbegantofluctuate,andtheradiosignalsgraduallybecomestronger.Thesechangesdonotcorrelatewithchangesinthenumberofsunspots,althoughithasbeenfoundthattheradiowavesseemtobegeneratedintheSun’satmosphereabovethesunspotsandnotinthesunspotsthemselves.Thechangesinradiosignalsdo,however,correlatewiththecalciumareasoftheSun’sspectrum.

Radioastronomyhashelpedconsiderablytoincreaseourknowledgeofthecorona.Beingvisuallyverydim,thecoronaishardtoobservebyopticalmeans,evenduringtotaleclipses.DuringsomeeclipsesithasbeentracedquitealongwayfromtheSunbutwasbelievedtoextendnomorethanabouttwomillionmilesatthemostabovethephotosphere.Directradiationofradiowavesfromthecoronahasbeenreceivedduringdaylightuptoabout1.5millionmiles.However,byexaminingadistantradiosourceastheSunpassesinfrontofit,itispossibletodiscoverhowfarthecoronaextendsbyobservinghowtheradiowavesfromthedistantsourceareaffected.ItwasinthiswaythatProfessorsM.RyleandA.HewishatCambridgeUniversity,England,foundthatthecoronacouldbetracedouttomorethan6millionmiles,andinthelineoftheSun’sequatorto12millionmilesormore.IthaseverbeensuggestedthatthecoronaextendsasfarastheEarthitself.

1.Agoodtitleforthispassagewouldbe().

2.Fromthecenterout,thecorrectorderofthesun

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