2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-南京師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)27

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-南京師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

1.Whenyouestablishasuccinct,easy-to-remembertheme,youletpeopleknowthatyouhaveawell-definedandthought-outpointofview.

2.Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentcomefromthe

factthatonecannotlearnculture-onehastoliveit.

3.ThemomentIfindmyselfturningawayfromajob,orputtingitunderapileofthingI

havetodo,Iclearmydeskofeverythingelseandattacktheobjectionableitemfirst.

4.Butjustinthelastfewyearsithasbecomealmostunbelievablycomplex,filledwithstrangepartswhosefunctionsarebeyondtoday'simagining.

【答案】1.當(dāng)你建立一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)潔、容易記住的主題時(shí)，你讓人們知道你有一個(gè)明確的且深思熟慮的觀點(diǎn)。

2.在處理文化環(huán)境中最復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題來(lái)自這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)即一個(gè)人不能學(xué)習(xí)那種文化卻又不得不生活在那樣的環(huán)境里。

3.我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己轉(zhuǎn)身撂下一份工作，或放在一堆要做的事情之后，我把桌上的一切清理干凈，然后著手攻克一個(gè)有異議的項(xiàng)目。

4.但就在最近幾年，它變得幾乎難以置信的復(fù)雜，充滿了奇怪的部分，其功能也超出了今日的想象力。

2.翻譯題

Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveladder,itisharmfultowoman.Handsomemaleexecutiveswereperceivedashavingmoreintegritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoaccountfortheirsuccess.Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.

Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemoreintegrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Interestingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatofattractiveovernightsuccesses.

【答案】雖然魅力對(duì)于男性晉升是一個(gè)積極因素，但對(duì)女性卻是不利因素。人們認(rèn)為英俊的男性高管要比相貌平平的男性更正直;而且認(rèn)為他們付出的努力和自身的能力使得他們成功。有魅力的女性高管卻被認(rèn)為沒(méi)有無(wú)吸引力的高管正直，她們?nèi)〉贸晒Σ皇菤w因于能力，而是運(yùn)氣等因素。

所有無(wú)魅力的女高管要比有魅力的要正直，也更有能力。有趣的是，盡管如此，與有吸引力的女高管一夜取得成功相比，越來(lái)越多的無(wú)吸引力的女高管更多地因人際關(guān)系，較少因能力而獲得成功。

3.單選題

Peoplewholack（）corevaluesrelyonsuchexternalfactorsastheirlooksorstatusinordertofeelgoodaboutthemselves.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.genuine

B.horizontal

C.naval

D.pessimistic

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。genuine“真實(shí)的，真正的”；horizontal“水平的，地平線的”；naval“海軍的，軍艦的”；pessimistic“悲觀的”。句意：缺乏（）核心價(jià)值觀的人依賴一些外部因素，比如相貌或地位來(lái)使自己感覺(jué)良好。能修飾corevalues的只有A項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Americansmayhaveto（）thenumberofprivatelyownedcarsanddependmoreonpublictransportationsystems.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.breakdown

B.outdown

C.getdown

D.dropdown

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。breakdown“發(fā)生故障，毀掉”；getdown“吞下，使沮喪”；dropdown“落下，順著往下移動(dòng)”。句意：美國(guó)人可能不得不降低私家車的數(shù)量。轉(zhuǎn)而依賴公共交通系統(tǒng)。只有D項(xiàng)符合，強(qiáng)調(diào)私家車數(shù)量的下降。

5.單選題

There（）milkleftintherefrigerator.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aren’tany

B.aren’tsome

C.isn’tany

D.isn'tsome

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。milk為不可數(shù)名詞，any用于否定句。故C項(xiàng)正確。句意：冰箱里沒(méi)有牛奶了。

6.單選題

Therearegoodreasonstobetroubledbytheviolencethatspreadsthroughoutthemedia.Movies.Televisionandvideogamesarefullofgunplayandbloodshed,andonemightreasonablyaskwhat'swrongwithasocietythatpresentsvideosofdomesticviolenceasentertainment.

Mostresearchersagreethatthecausesofreal-worldviolencearecomplex.A1993studybytheU.S.NationalAcademyofScienceslisted"biological,individual,family,peer,school,andcommunityfactors"asallplayingtheirparts.

Viewingabnormallylargeamountsofviolenttelevisionandvideogamesmaywellcontributetoviolentbehaviorincertainindividuals.Thetroubleconieswhenresearchersdownplayuncertaintiesintheirstudiesoroverstatethecaseforcausality(因果關(guān)系).SkepticsweredismayedseveralyearsagowhenagroupofsocietiesincludingtheAmericanMedicalAssociationtriedtoendthedebatebyissuingajointstatement:"Atthistime,wellover1.000studiespointoverwhelminglytoacausalconnectionbetweenmediaviolenceandaggressivebehaviorinsomechildren."

Freedom-of-speechadvocatesaccusedthesocietiesofcateringtopoliticians,andevendisputedthenumberofstudies(mostwerereviewarticlesandessays,theysaid).WhenJonathanFreedman,asocialpsychologistattheUniversityofToronto,reviewedtheliterature,hefoundonly200orsostudiesoftelevision-watchingandaggression.Andwhenlieweededout"themostdoubtfulmeasuresofaggression",only28%supportedaconnection.

Thecriticalpointhereiscausality.Thealarmistssaytheyhaveprovedthatviolentmediacauseaggression.Buttheassumptionsbehindtheirobservationsneedtobeexamined.Whenlabelinggamesasviolentornon-violent,shouldaheroeatingaghostreallybecountedasaviolentevent?Andwhenexperimentersrecordthetimeittakesgameplayerstoread'aggressive'or'non-aggressive'wordsfromalist,canwebesurewhattheyareactuallymeasuring?TheintentofthenewHarvardCenteronMediaandChildHealthtocollectandstandardizestudiesofmediaviolenceinordertocomparetheirmethodologies,assumptionsandconclusionsisanimportantstepintherightdirection.

Anotherappropriatestepwouldbetotonedownthecriticismuntilweknowmore.Severalresearcherswrite,speakandtestifyquitealotonthethreatposedbyviolenceinthemedia.Thatis,ofcourse,theirprivilege.Butwhendoingso,theyoftencomeoutwithstatementsthatthematterhasnowbeensettled,drawingcriticismfromcolleagues.Inresponse,thealarmistsaccusecriticsandnewsreportersofbeingdeceivedbytheentertainmentindustry.Suchclasheshelpneithersciencenorsociety.

1.Whyistheresomuchviolenceshowninmovies.TVandvideogames?

2.Whatistheskeptics'viewofmediaviolence?

3.Theauthorusestheterm“alarmists”(Line1.Para.5)torefertothosewho（）.

4.Inrefutingthealarmists,theauthoradvanceshisargumentbyfirstchallenging（）

5.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthedebateconcerningtherelationshipbetweenthemediaandviolence?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thereisalotofviolenceintherealworldtoday.

B.Somethinghasgonewrongwithtoday'ssociety.

C.Manypeoplearefondofgunplayandbloodshed.

D.Showingviolenceisthoughttobeentertaining.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Violenceontelevisionisafairlyaccuratereflectionofreal-worldlife.

B.Moststudiesexaggeratetheeffectofmediaviolenceontheviewers.

C.Acausalrelationshipexistsbetweenmediaandreal-worldviolence.

D.Theinfluenceofmediaviolenceonchildrenhasbeenunderestimated.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.usestandardizedmeasurementsinthestudiesofmediaviolence

B.initiatedthedebateovertheinfluenceofviolentmediaonreality

C.assertadirectlinkbetweenviolentmediaandaggressivebehavior

D.useappropriatemethodologyinexaminingaggressivebehavior

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thesourceandamountoftheirdata

B.thetargetsoftheirobservation

C.theirsystemofmeasurement

D.theirdefinitionofviolence

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Morestudiesshouldbeconductedbeforeconclusionsaredrawn.

B.Itshouldcometoanendsincethematterhasnowbeensettled.

C.Thepaststudiesinthisfieldhaveprovedtobemisleading.

D.Hemorethanagreeswiththeviewsheldbythealarmists.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段onemightreasonablyaskwhat'swrongwithasocietythatpresentsvideosofdomesticviolenceasentertainment.人們可能會(huì)合理地問(wèn)，一個(gè)把家庭暴力視頻作為娛樂(lè)的社會(huì)出了什么問(wèn)題?可知人們認(rèn)為展示暴力是具有娛樂(lè)性的，故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。由第三段“Thetroubleconieswhenresearchersdownplayuncertaintiesintheirstudiesoroverstatethecaseforcausality.SkepticsweredismayedseveralyearsagowhenagroupofsocietiesincludingtheAmericanMedicalAssociationtriedtoendthedebatebyissuingajointstatement:"Atthistime,wellover1.000studiespointoverwhelminglytoacausalconnectionbetweenmediaviolenceandaggressivebehaviorinsomechildren."當(dāng)研究人員淡化研究中的不確定性或夸大因果關(guān)系時(shí)，問(wèn)題就出現(xiàn)了。幾年前，包括美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)(AmericanMedicalAssociation)在內(nèi)的一些學(xué)會(huì)試圖通過(guò)發(fā)表聯(lián)合聲明來(lái)結(jié)束這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論，對(duì)此持懷疑態(tài)度的人感到失望:“此時(shí)，超過(guò)1000項(xiàng)研究壓倒性地指出，媒體暴力與一些兒童的攻擊性行為之間存在因果關(guān)系?！庇纱丝芍獞岩烧撜叩难芯繄?bào)告夸大了媒體暴力對(duì)于觀眾的影響。故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.詞義題。Thecriticalpointhereiscausality.Thealarmistssaytheyhaveprovedthatviolentmediacauseaggression.這里的臨界點(diǎn)是因果關(guān)系。危言聳聽者說(shuō)，他們已經(jīng)證明暴力媒體會(huì)導(dǎo)致攻擊性。由此可知alarmists認(rèn)為暴力媒體與攻擊行為之間有直接關(guān)系，故C項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第五段“Buttheassumptionsbehindtheirobservationsneedtobeexamined.Whenlabelinggamesasviolentornon-violent,shouldaheroeatingaghostreallybecountedasaviolentevent?Andwhenexperimentersrecordthetimeittakesgameplayerstoread'aggressive'or'non-aggressive'wordsfromalist,canwebesurewhattheyareactuallymeasuring?但是他們觀察背后的假設(shè)需要被檢驗(yàn)。當(dāng)給游戲貼上暴力或非暴力的標(biāo)簽時(shí)，一個(gè)吃鬼的英雄真的應(yīng)該被算作暴力事件嗎?當(dāng)實(shí)驗(yàn)者記錄下游戲玩家從列表中閱讀“攻擊性”或“非攻擊性”詞匯所花的時(shí)間時(shí)，我們能確定他們實(shí)際上在測(cè)量什么嗎?由此可知，作者首先質(zhì)疑的就是這些研究者對(duì)于暴力的概念。故D項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。由最后一段Anotherappropriatestepwouldbetotonedownthecriticismuntilweknowmore.Severalresearcherswrite,speakandtestifyquitealotonthethreatposedbyviolenceinthemedia.Thatis,ofcourse,theirprivilege.Butwhendoingso,theyoftencomeoutwithstatementsthatthematterhasnowbeensettled,drawingcriticismfromcolleagues.Inresponse,thealarmistsaccusecriticsandnewsreportersofbeingdeceivedbytheentertainmentindustry.Suchclasheshelpneithersciencenorsociety.另一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)牟襟E是在我們知道更多之前降低批評(píng)的聲音。幾位研究人員就媒體中的暴力構(gòu)成的威脅進(jìn)行了大量的寫作、發(fā)言和證實(shí)。當(dāng)然，這是他們的特權(quán)。但在這樣做的時(shí)候，他們往往會(huì)說(shuō)事情已經(jīng)解決了，招致同事們的批評(píng)。作為回應(yīng)，危言聳聽者指責(zé)批評(píng)家和新聞?dòng)浾弑粖蕵?lè)產(chǎn)業(yè)欺騙了。這樣的沖突對(duì)科學(xué)和社會(huì)都沒(méi)有好處?？芍髡哒J(rèn)為雙方進(jìn)行更充分的研究再得出一個(gè)合理一致的結(jié)論。故A項(xiàng)正確。

7.寫作題

Directions:Inthispart,youarerequiredtowifeacompositionentitledHowtoS(“\'etheProblemofPollution.Youshouldwriteatleast200words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinebelow.WriteyourcompositiononAnswerSheet2.

1.隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，各種原因造成的污染越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重

2.這些污染對(duì)我們生活的影響

3.我們應(yīng)該如何減少污染

【答案】略

8.單選題

（）workingonhiscompositionthedaybefore,hewouldhavefinisheditbynow.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Wouldhestart

B.Hadhestarted

C.Ifheistostart

D.Ifhewasstarting

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。由thedaybefore后半句wouldhavefinishedbynow可知空格處發(fā)生的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，是對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的虛擬，從句用had+Ved.故B項(xiàng)正確。句意：如果他昨天就開始寫作的話，他現(xiàn)在就已經(jīng)完成了。故B項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thereisa（）differenceinmeaningbetweenthewordssurroundingsandenvironment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gentle

B.subtle

C.feeble

D.humble

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。gentle溫和的，文雅的；subtle微妙的，精細(xì)的；feeble微弱的，無(wú)力的；humble謙遜的，簡(jiǎn)陋的。語(yǔ)境與話語(yǔ)環(huán)境之間有細(xì)微的區(qū)別。能與difference搭配的只有B項(xiàng)。故B項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Thebossnamedthecompany（）himself.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.after

C.to

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。nameafter以…命名。句意：老板以他自己的名字給公司命名。

11.單選題

Thewaves（）violentlyagainsttheshore,peoplecouldn'thearthemcryingforhelp.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beating

B.hadbeaten

C.beat

D.werebeating

【答案】A

【解析】考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。前后半句的主語(yǔ)不同，分別為thewaves和people，故本題考查的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，wave與beat之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞，A項(xiàng)正確。句意：大浪激烈地拍打海岸，人們不能聽到他們呼救的聲音。

12.翻譯題

Directions:Forthissection,youareaskedtoreadthefollowingshortpassagefirstandthentowriteacompositionentitled''WhichoneDoYouThinkIsMoreImportant,PleasureorLongevity?"Youshouldnotcopyanyofthesentencesinthefollowingpassage.Youshouldwritenolessthan150words.RemembertowriteclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.（15%）（Justforyourreference）

Peoplearealmostphobic（恐懼癥）abouthavingfun.increasinglyviewingthemselvesasfragile,vulnerable,readytodevelopcancerorheartdiseaseattheslightestprovocation（刺激）.Inthenameofhealth,peoplegiveupmanyoftheirlifeenjoyments.Wehavenoquarrelwiththeevidencethatsomepleasures,likecigarettesmoking,highalcoholconsumption,addictivedrugs,drivingmuchtoofast,areunhealthyandshouldbeknockedoff.Butworryingtoomuchaboutanythingincludingcalories,salt,cancer,andcholesterol（膽固醇）canrobyourlifeofvitality.Livingoptimistically,withpleasure,zest,andcommitmentenrichesifnotlengthenslife.

Doyouagreetotheabovepointofview?Whichonedoyouthinkismoreimportant,pleasureorlongevity（長(zhǎng)壽）?GiveyourowncommentsandwritethemdownontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】略

13.翻譯題

大多數(shù)中國(guó)人十分看重自己的工作，覺(jué)得工作會(huì)使自己成為團(tuán)體的一部分。他們相信，工作可以讓他們產(chǎn)生歸屬感。換言之，要得到社會(huì)的承認(rèn)，就必須工作。許多中國(guó)經(jīng)理和員工努力工作，力求保住在公司的職位，原因就是這個(gè)。

【答案】

MostChinesevaluetheirjobsverymuch,andfeelthatitmakesthempartofacommunityandtheybelievethatworkgivesthemasenseofbelonging.Inotherwords,inordertoberecognizedbysociety,theyhavetowork.ThatiswhymanyChinesemanagersandemployeeshavetoworkhardandstrivetokeeptheirpositionsinthecompany.

14.單選題

Theformerpresidentistoverifyatahumanrightscourtheatingcasesofatrocities.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.testify

B.provide

C.conform

D.supply

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。testify證明，證實(shí)；provide提供；conform使遵守，使一致；supply提供。句意：這位前總統(tǒng)將在人權(quán)法庭對(duì)暴行案件進(jìn)行核實(shí)。故A項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Failureisprobablythemostfatiguingexperienceapersoneverhas.Thereisnothingmoreexhaustingthannotsucceeding,beingblocked,notmovingahead.Itisanevilcircle.Failurebreedsfatigue,andfatiguemakesithardertogettowork,whichaddstothefatigue.

Weexperiencethistirednessintwomainways,asstart-upfatigueandperformancefatigue.Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskthatweareforcedtotakeup.Eitherbecauseitistootediousorbecauseitistoodifficult,weavoidit.Andthelongerwepostponeit,themoretiredwefeel.

Suchstart-upfatigueisveryreal,evenriotactuallyphysical,notsomethinginourmusclesandbones.Theremedyisobvious,thoughperhapsnoteasytoapply:Willpowerexercise.（43）ThemomentIfindmyselfturningawayfromajob,orputtingitunderapileofthingsIhavetodo,Iclearmydeskofeverythingelseandattacktheobjectionableitemfirst.Topreventstart-upfatigue,alwaystreatthemostdifficultjobfirst.

Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.Herewearewillingtogetstarted,butwecan'tseemtodothejobright.Itsdifficultiesappeartobeinsurmountableandhoweverhardwework,wefailagainandagain.Themountingexperienceoffailurecarrieswithitanever-increasingburdenofmentalfatigue.Insuchasituation,IworkashardasIcan,thenlettheunconscioustakeover.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbecalledanevilcircle?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whenkeepingputtingoffatask,wecanexperience（）.

3.Toovercomestartupfatigue,weneed（）.

4.Theword,“insurmountable”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans.（）

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Success-zeal-success-zeal.

B.Failure-tiredness-failure-tiredness.

C.Failure-zeal-failure-tiredness.

D.Success-exhaustion-success-exhaustion.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.tiredness

B.performancefatigue

C.start-upfatigue

D.unconsciousness

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.toughness

B.prevention

C.muscles

D.willpower

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thatcannotbesolved

B.thatcannotbeunderstood

C.thatcannotbeimagined

D.thatcannotbeobjected

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itiseasiertoovercomestart-upfatigue.

B.Performancefatigueoccurswhenthejobwearewillingtotakegetsblocked.

C.Onewillfinallysucceedafterexperiencingtheevilcircle.

D.Failureoftenaccompaniesfatigue.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。由關(guān)鍵詞evilcircle定位到第一段itisanevilcircle.Failurebreedsfatigue,andfatiguemakesithardertogettowork,whichaddstothefatigue.這是一個(gè)惡性循環(huán)。失敗會(huì)導(dǎo)致疲勞，而疲勞會(huì)使你更難去工作，這就增加了疲勞?？芍狟項(xiàng)“失敗-疲勞-失敗-疲勞”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段Weexperiencethistirednessintwomainways,asstart-upfatigueandperformancefatigue.Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskthatweareforcedtotakeup.Eitherbecauseitistootediousorbecauseitistoodifficult,weavoidit.Andthelongerwepostponeit,themoretiredwefeel.們主要通過(guò)兩種方式來(lái)體驗(yàn)這種疲勞:啟動(dòng)疲勞和表現(xiàn)疲勞。在前一種情況下，我們總是拖延不得不做的事情。要么因?yàn)樗珕握{(diào)乏味，要么因?yàn)樗y，我們都避免它。我們拖延的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，我們就會(huì)感到越累。可知當(dāng)一個(gè)人一直拖延一項(xiàng)任務(wù)時(shí)，他經(jīng)歷的是啟動(dòng)性疲勞。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“Theremedyisobvious,thoughperhapsnoteasytoapply:Willpowerexercise.補(bǔ)救措施顯而易見，盡管可能不容易實(shí)施:意志力鍛煉?？芍獮榱丝朔?dòng)性疲勞，我們需要的是意志力。故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.詞義題。Itsdifficultiesappeartobeinsurmountableandhoweverhardwework,wefailagainandagain.and并列連詞，and前后表示的內(nèi)容性質(zhì)一致，故可由and后面的內(nèi)容來(lái)推知前面，and后面的內(nèi)容是“不管我們多么努力，我們一次又一次地失敗。”故insurmountable意為不可克服的，不可跨越的，A項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。由第四段Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.Herewearewillingtogetstarted,butwecan'tseemtodothejobright.表現(xiàn)疲勞更難克服。這種情況下我們?cè)敢忾_始，但是我們似乎不能把工作做好?？芍狝B兩項(xiàng)正確。由第四段Themountingexperienceoffailurecarrieswithitanever-increasingburdenofmentalfatigue.失敗的經(jīng)驗(yàn)越來(lái)越多，精神疲勞的負(fù)擔(dān)也越來(lái)越重。以及Failurebreedsfatigue,andfatiguemakesithardertogettowork,whichaddstothefatigue.失敗會(huì)導(dǎo)致疲勞，而疲勞會(huì)使你更難去工作，這就增加了疲勞?？芍狣項(xiàng)“疲勞經(jīng)常伴隨著疲勞”符合本文描述。C選項(xiàng)Onewillfinallysucceedafterexperiencingtheevilcircle（一個(gè)人在經(jīng)歷了邪惡的循環(huán)之后，最終會(huì)成功）來(lái)自第一段，但第一段中并未提及“經(jīng)歷這個(gè)循環(huán)后就會(huì)成功”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

16.單選題

Egyptianauthoritiesaretryingtopreventtheirhistoricalmonumentsfromsuccumbingtotheravagesoftime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.standingby

B.countingon

C.yieldingto

D.holdingup

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析?！癶istoricalmonuments歷史遺跡”與"theravagesoftime時(shí)間的摧殘"之間的關(guān)系是時(shí)間能摧殘歷史遺跡。句意：埃及政府正努力阻止歷史遺跡（）時(shí)間的摧殘?？赏茢喑鰏uccumbingto是屈服的意思。standby支持，袖手旁觀；counton依賴，依靠；yieldto屈服，讓步；holdup舉起，阻擋。故C項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Thefirstanimalsonthislivingsphere,theEarth,wereprimitive（）animals,andthenaround500millionyearsagotheseseaanimalsdevelopedshells.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.versatile

B.marine

C.predatory

D.feasible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。versatile“多才多藝的”；marine“海生的，海產(chǎn)的”；predatory“掠奪的，掠奪成性的”；feasible“可行的”。句意：地球上第一類動(dòng)物是海洋類生物，5億年前這些海洋生物逐漸長(zhǎng)出了外殼。由后半句的“shells”可推知第一批動(dòng)物是海生動(dòng)物，沒(méi)有外殼；而且只有B項(xiàng)能修飾動(dòng)物。

18.翻譯題

現(xiàn)在大學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)壓力相當(dāng)重。除了大四，他們開始找工作了，其余的學(xué)生總是忙.于學(xué)習(xí)，而不愿參加團(tuán)體和俱樂(lè)部，不愿參加體育鍛煉和其他課外活動(dòng)，不愿與他們的朋友玩玩，不愿關(guān)心和學(xué)習(xí)沒(méi)有關(guān)系的事情?？傊?，他們就像一個(gè)機(jī)器人。壓力大，時(shí)間少，功課多。看到同寢室里的人都上圖書館去學(xué)習(xí)，到深夜閉館才回，而自己卻去看電影，他們就會(huì)有一種內(nèi)疚感。一想到白天什么事都不干，就感到不安，會(huì)整夜因此睡不著覺(jué)。他們學(xué)習(xí)太緊張，幾乎沒(méi)有吋間好好品嘗生活，干些其他事，成為一個(gè)全而發(fā)展的人。

【答案】Nowadays,collegestudents'learningpressureisquiteheavy.Inadditiontothesenioryear,theystartlookingforajob.Therestofthemarealwaysbusy,ratherthantakepartinthecampusgroupsandclubs.Theydonotenjoytakingpartinphysicalexerciseandotherextracurricularactivities,orplayingwiththeirfriends,orcaringaboutandlearningthingsthathavenorelationshipwithstudy.Allinall,theyarelikerobotswithhugestress,lessleisuretimeandpilesofworks.Theywouldfeelguiltwhentheyseeeveryoneinthedormitorygoestothelibrarytostudyandcomebackuntilitcloseslateintothenightwhiletheygotothemovies.Thethoughtofdoingnothingduringthedaymakesthemupsetandbringsawhitenight.Theystudysohardthattheyhardlyhavetheluxurytimeoftastinglifeanddoingotherthingstobecomefullydevelopedpeople.

19.單選題

Thechairmansaiditgavehimgreat（）towelcomesomanyguests.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.humor

B.content

C.fun

D.pleasure

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。humor“幽默”；content“內(nèi)容，目錄”；fun“樂(lè)趣”；pleasure“快樂(lè)，令人高興的事”。句意：主席說(shuō)歡迎這么多賓客是一件讓他很高興的事情。D項(xiàng)符合句意。

20.單選題

Thevalueofabusinessincreasinglyliesnotinphysicalandfinancialassetsthatareonthebalancesheet,butinintangibles:brands,patents,franchises,software,researchprograms,ideasandexpertise.Fewfirmstrytomeasurereturnsontheseassets,letalonepublishinformationonthem.Yettheyareoftenwhatunderliesafirm'ssuccess.“Ourprimaryassets,whichareoursoftwareandoursoftware-developmentskills,donotshowuponthebalancesheetatall,”saysMicrosoft’sboss,BillGates.“Thisisprobablynotveryenlighteningfromapurelyaccountingpointofview.”

Asignthatcompaniesdonotmeasuretheirassetsproperlymaybethegrowinggapbetweentheirstock-marketvalueandthebookvalueoftheirassets.Between1973and1993,themedianratioofmarketvaluestobookvaluesofAmericanpubliccompaniesdoubles;thedifferencehasgrownwithaboominhigh-techshares.Thegapisbiggestforcompaniesthathavemostrapidlyboostedspendingonresearchanddevelopment（R&D）.Evenwithinindustries,thedivergence（分歧）betweenstock-marketreturnsandreportedearningshasincreased.

Youmightthinkthiswouldpresentaproblemforinvestors,whonolongerhaveagoodwayoftellingwhetherthemarketvalueofacompanyissoundlybased.Yetinvestorsseemtoknowinstinctivelythatknowledgeisvaluable.35.AstudyhasfoundthatthesharepriceofAmericanmultinationalsthatspendheavilyonR&Driseswhentheybuyforeignsubsidiaries,butitfallswhenamultinationalwithlowR&Dspendingbuysabroad.Presumablyinvestorsunderstandthatcompaniesinknowledge-basedbusinessescanexploitthemagicofrisingreturnstoscale.Onceapillorasoftwareprogramisdeveloped,eachextrasalebringsinmoremoneyatlittleextracost:thebiggerthemarket,thegreatertheprofits.

Infact,theabsenceofgoodmeasuresmaybotherthosewhorunfirmsmorethanthosewhoinvestinthem.Formanagers,thebigproblemishowtojudgeratesofreturn.Withbuildingafactory,therearetime-honoredmethodsforcalculatingthepayback.ButwhatifyouareinvestinginR&Dorsoftware,ordecidingwhethertobuybetterpeopleortotrainmore?Therearen’ttoolsformakingsuchdecisions.

1.Theintangiblesofacompanyarereflectedin（）.

2.WhatcanweinferaboutMicrosoft?

3.WhydoesthesharepriceofAmericanmultinationalsrise?

4.Aninvestorwhobuysstocksofacompanyinknowledge-basedbusinessesbaseshisecisionon（）.

5.Thephrase“suchdecisionsn（Para.4）refersto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.physicalandfinancialassets

B.stock-marketvalue

C.thebalancesheet

D.thedifferencebetweenthestock-marketvalueandthebookvalue

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Ithasnobook-valueassets.

B.Itsstock-marketvalueequalsitsbookvalue.

C.There’sagreatgapbetweenitsstock-marketvalueandbookvalue.

D.Itsstock-marketvaluedoesnotreflectthecompany’srealvalue

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheybuyforeignsubsidiaries

B.Becausetheyinvestmuchinintangibleassets.

C.BecausetheyhavelowR&Dspending

D.Becausetheinvestorsknowthemethodsforcalculatingthepaybackofknowledge-basedbusinesses

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.purespeculation（投機(jī)）

B.thecompany’sbookvalue

C.whetherthecompanybuysforeignsubsidiaries

D.theprospectthatitsresearchwilltranslateintolowcostproducts

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.unningfirmsinknowledge-basedbusinesses

B.nvestinginfirmsinknowledge-basedbusinesses

C.udgingratesofreturnonfirmsinknowledge-basedbusinesses

D.alculatingreturnsonanewly-builtfactory

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段“Thevalueofabusinessincreasinglyliesnotinphysicalandfinancialassetsthatareonthebalancesheet,butinintangibles:brands,patents,franchises,software,researchprograms,ideasandexpertise.企業(yè)的價(jià)值越來(lái)越不在于資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表上的有形資產(chǎn)和金融資產(chǎn)，而在于無(wú)形資產(chǎn)：品牌、專利、特許經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)、軟件、研究項(xiàng)目、創(chuàng)意和專業(yè)技能。可知ABC三項(xiàng)都不對(duì)。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第一段“Ourprimaryassets,whichareoursoftwareandoursoftware-developmentskills,donotshowuponthebalancesheetatall,”saysMicrosoft’sboss,BillGates.“Thisisprobablynotveryenlighteningfromapurelyaccountingpointofview.我們的主要資產(chǎn)，也就是我們的軟件和軟件開發(fā)技能，根本沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)在資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表上。“從純粹的會(huì)計(jì)角度來(lái)看，這可能不是很有啟發(fā)性。”可知D項(xiàng)“其股票市值并不能反映公司的實(shí)際價(jià)值”正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第三段“AstudyhasfoundthatthesharepriceofAmericanmultinationalsthatspendheavilyonR&Driseswhentheybuyforeignsubsidiaries,butitfallswhenamultinationalwithlowR&Dspendingbuysabroad.一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在研發(fā)上投入巨資的美國(guó)跨國(guó)公司在收購(gòu)?fù)鈬?guó)子公司時(shí)，其股價(jià)會(huì)上漲，但當(dāng)研發(fā)支出較低的跨國(guó)公司在海外收購(gòu)時(shí)，其股價(jià)會(huì)下跌?？芍鐕?guó)公司在收購(gòu)海外子公司時(shí)，股價(jià)的升降取決于該公司在研發(fā)方面的投入力度，也就是對(duì)無(wú)形資產(chǎn)的投入力度。故B項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第三段“Presumablyinvestorsunderstandthatcompaniesinknowledge-basedbusinessescanexploitthemagicofrisingreturnstoscale.Onceapillorasoftwareprogramisdeveloped,eachextrasalebringsinmoremoneyatlittleextracost:thebiggerthemarket,thegreatertheprofits.想必投資者明白，在以知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的企業(yè)中，企業(yè)可以利用不斷增長(zhǎng)的回報(bào)來(lái)擴(kuò)大規(guī)模。一旦開發(fā)出一種藥丸或一個(gè)軟件程序，每一筆額外銷售都能以很少的額外成本帶來(lái)更多的收入：市場(chǎng)越大，利潤(rùn)就越大?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)“其研究成果轉(zhuǎn)化為低成本產(chǎn)品的前景”正確。

5.詞義題。聯(lián)系上下文“Formanagers,thebigproblemishowtojudgeratesofreturn.Withbuildingafactory,therearetime-honoredmethodsforcalculatingthepayback.ButwhatifyouareinvestinginR&Dorsoftware,ordecidingwhethertobuybetterpeopleortotrainmore?Therearen’ttoolsformakingsuchdecisions.對(duì)于經(jīng)理來(lái)說(shuō)，最大的問(wèn)題是如何判斷回報(bào)率。建造一個(gè)工廠，有計(jì)算回報(bào)的歷史悠久的方法。但如果你投資于研發(fā)或軟件，或者決定是雇傭更好的人或者培訓(xùn)更多的人呢?沒(méi)有工具來(lái)做這樣的決定?？芍猻uchdecisions指代在知識(shí)型企業(yè)如何判斷回報(bào)率的問(wèn)題。故C項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Planeskeepintouchwiththecontroltower（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ontheradio

B.byradio

C.overtheradio

D.bytheradio

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。ontheradio“在廣播中”；byradio“用無(wú)線電”。句意：飛機(jī)用無(wú)線電與控制塔保持聯(lián)系。只有B項(xiàng)符合句意。

22.單選題

Severalloudspeakersare（）fromtheceilingandwecanhearthespeakerveryclearly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.connected

B.winded

C.associated

D.suspended

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)辨析。connect“連接”；wind“纏繞”；associate“聯(lián)系”；suspend“延緩，推遲，使懸浮”。句意：天花板上（）一些擴(kuò)音器，我們可以很清楚地聽到演講者說(shuō)話。擴(kuò)音器一般是懸浮在天花板上，故D項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

WhenIdecidedtoquitmyfulltimeemploymentitneveroccurredtomethat1mightbecomeapartofanewinternationaltrend.Alateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough,inthemannerofadisgracedgovernmentminister,Icoveredmyexitbyclaiming“1wantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily”.

Curiously,sometwo-and-a-halfyearsandtwonovelslater,myexperimentinwhattheAmericansterm“downshifting”hasturnedmytiredexcuseintoanabsolutereality.Ihavebeentransformedfromapassionateadvocateofthephilosophyof“havingitall”preachedbyLindaKelseyforthepastsevenyearsinthepageofShemagazine,intoawomanwhoishappytosettleforabitofeverything.

Ihavediscovered,asperhapsKelseywillafterhermuch-publicizedresignationfromtheeditorshipofSheafterabuildupofstress,thatabandoningthedoctrineof“jugglingyourlife”andmakingthealternativemoveinto“downshifting”bringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.NothingcouldpersuademetoreturntothekindoflifeKelseyusedtoadvocateandIonceenjoyed:12hourworkingdays,pressureddeadlines,thefearfulstrainofofficepoliticsandthelimitationsofbeingaparenton“qualitytime”.

InAmerica,themoveawayfromjugglingtoasimpler,lessmaterialisticlifestyleisawell-establishedtrend.Downshifting-alsoknowninAmericaas“voluntarysimplicity”-has,ironically,evenbredanewareaofwhatmightbetermedanticonsumerism.Thereareanumberofbest-sellingdownshiftingself-helpbooksforpeoplewhowanttosimplifytheirlives.Therearenewsletters,suchasTheTightwadGazette,thatgivehundredsofthousandsofAmericansusefultipsonanythingfromrecyclingtheircling-filmtomakingtheirownsoap.Thereareevensupportgroupsforthosewhowanttoachievethemid-1990sequivalentofdroppingout.

WhileinAmericathetrendstartedasareactiontotheeconomicdecline-afterthemassredundanciescausedbydownsizinginthelate-1980s-andisstilllinkedtothepoliticsofthrift,inBritain,atleastamongthemiddle-classdown-shiftersofmyacquaintance,wehavedifferentreasonsforseekingtosimplifyourlives.

Forthewomenofmygenerationwhowereurgedtokeepjugglingthroughthe19