高中英語(yǔ)名詞用法歸納(全面)

英語(yǔ)名詞用法歸納

2015-12一.

名詞的分類(lèi)：名詞分為專(zhuān)有名詞和普通名詞。專(zhuān)有名詞-----個(gè)人，地方,機(jī)構(gòu)等專(zhuān)有名稱(chēng).China,Shanghai,Lilei.普通名詞----個(gè)體名詞:某類(lèi)人或東西中的個(gè)體.如boy,dog,country.集體名詞:若干個(gè)體組成的集合體.如family,team,police,class.物質(zhì)名詞:無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物。如cotton，tea,

air,

water,flour.抽象名詞:動(dòng)作,狀態(tài),品質(zhì),感情等抽象概念.如health,happiness.個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞又叫做可數(shù)名詞.物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞又叫做不可數(shù)名詞.二.

名詞的數(shù)：可數(shù)名詞都有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分。1．規(guī)則的可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則：1)一般情況加s。如：books

mouths

houses

girls.2)以s,sh,ch,x結(jié)尾的加es。如：classes

boxes

matches

（但:stomachs）.3)輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為ies。如：cities

countries

parties

factories.4)以o結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)+es。如：heroes

Negroes

tomatoes

potatoes

zeroes/zeros.

以o結(jié)尾并且詞尾有兩個(gè)元音字母+s.如：

radios,zoos,bamboos,pianos,kilosphotos.5)以f，fe結(jié)尾的多數(shù)+es。如：leaves

lives

wives

knives

halves

wolves.

但是：也有一些+s。如：roofs

proofs,

gulfs,

beliefs,handkerchiefs/handkerchieves.3.不規(guī)則的可數(shù)名詞的變化規(guī)則：1)man—men,woman—women,tooth—teeth,foot—feet,child—children,mouse—mice,2)單復(fù)數(shù)相同:sheep,fish,deer,means,Chinese,Japanese,works,fish如表示不同種類(lèi)的魚(yú)時(shí)復(fù)數(shù)是fishes;Therearemanykindsoffishesinthatlake.3)以man,woman修飾名詞構(gòu)成合成詞時(shí),兩個(gè)詞都變化.manservant—menservants.

(boy/girlstudents)womandoctor—womendoctors.4.復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式:son-in-law---sons-in-law,looker-on—lookers-on,主體名詞變化film-goer—film-goers,

grown-up—grown-ups

沒(méi)有主體名詞,在詞尾加復(fù)數(shù)5.字母,阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)形式一般加’s或s:Therearetwol’sintheword“all”.Your7’sand9’slookalike.Ithappenedinthe1960’s/1960s.Iwillnotacceptyourif’sandbut’s.6.物質(zhì)名詞一般沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)，有時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式表示不同種類(lèi)，wheats,fruits,vegetables,有時(shí)表示比原文更廣的詞義，wood(木頭)—woods(樹(shù)林),

water(水)—waters(水域),sand(沙子)—sands(沙灘),manner(方式)—manners(禮貌)7.抽象名詞一般不可數(shù)；但是如果表示某一具體的情況，或各種各樣的也有可數(shù)名詞的用法。Hejumpedwithjoy.------Mychildrenareagreatjoytome.常用的抽象名詞具體化的有:asurprise/apleasure/asuccess/afailure/ahelp/anhonor…8.定冠詞加姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)表示一家人。theTurners,

theSmiths,

theWangs.9.集體名詞people,police,cattle總是作復(fù)數(shù)，(people作民族，種族時(shí)有單復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式)10.集體名詞class,public,family,population,team,crew,committee等單復(fù)數(shù)都有，但意義不同。Theclassisbig.----TheclassaretakingnotesinEnglish.(前者看作整體，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)每一個(gè)人。)ThepopulationinChinaislarger.----80%ofthepopulationinChinaarepeasants.（同上）11.hair，fruit通常作單數(shù)，表示總體。Hishairisgrey.

arichharvestoffruit如果表示若干根頭發(fā)，表示種類(lèi)的水果時(shí)，可以加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾。Hehadafewwhitehairs.他有幾根白發(fā)。12.以s結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞只作單數(shù)。mathematics,physics,politics,等。（另外:news）13.glasses，trousers，scissors，shoes，spectacles，等常用復(fù)數(shù)；但如果這些詞前用apairof…/thispairof…/thatpairof…等修飾時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由pair來(lái)決定。14.不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如果表示“一個(gè)”的概念，可用單位詞。apieceofnews/information/advice/bread/paper/meat/coal/equipment/furniture/clothing…abottleofink,

agrainofrice,acakeofsoap…常用的不可數(shù)名詞：advice,progress,

practice,weather,homework,knowledge,fun,luggage,equipment,clothing,water,milk,food,rice15.名詞作定語(yǔ)：1）表示用途：acoffeecup咖啡杯；atobaccocompany煙草公司；avegetablegarden2)表示材料：astonebridge石橋；papermoney紙幣；adiamondnecklace鉆石項(xiàng)鏈3）表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)：winterholiday寒假；morningpaper晨報(bào)；citypeople市民4)表示類(lèi)別：waterpollution水污染；bodytemperature體溫；weightproblem體溫5）表示身份：awomandoctor;aboystudent注意：名詞作定語(yǔ)常用單數(shù)：shoeshop;collegestudents;basketballmatch.但man/woman隨后邊名詞變化：awomandoctor;twowomendoctors;amandoctor;twomendoctors.三.名詞的所有格:1)名詞所有格主要用于表示有生命的名詞，表示所屬關(guān)系。

LeiFeng’sdairy.

theWorkingPeople’sPalaceof2)也可用于表示時(shí)間的名詞。today’spaper.

anhour’sdrive.

Friday’swork.3)也可用于表示地理、國(guó)家、城市等名詞。thecountry’splan.

thefarm’sfruit.

China’spopulation.4)也可用于表示由人組成的集體名詞。ourparty’sstand我黨的立場(chǎng)5)也可用于表示度量、價(jià)值的名詞。twodollars’worthofbooks.

apound’sweight.(現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，這種用法越來(lái)越多。)3.凡不能用’s屬格的情況可用of屬格表示所屬關(guān)系。theCityofNewYork.

amapofChina.

特別是下列情況要用of屬格：⑴當(dāng)名詞有較長(zhǎng)的定語(yǔ)時(shí)，thenameofthegirlstandingatthegate.Haveyoureadthearticlesofthestudentswhowerewithusyesterday？⑵所修飾的名詞前有數(shù)量詞時(shí)，aplayofComradeLi’s.

somefriendsofmybrother’s.⑶所修飾的名詞前有一個(gè)指示代詞時(shí)，thatperformanceoftheteachers’.4.雙重所有格：當(dāng)of前面的名詞有不定冠詞、指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、不定代詞或數(shù)詞如a,an,this,that,these,those,two,three,four,any,some,several,no,few,another等修飾時(shí)，用雙重所有格，雙重所有格只用于表示人的名詞并且都是特指的。apoemofLuXun’s.

afriendofhis/hers.

WhichnovelofDicken’sareyoureading?somefriendsofmybrothers’.5.幾種特殊情況：thekeytothedoor.

keystotheexercises.練習(xí)的答案notestothetext課文注釋

answerstothequestionticketsforthefilm//movieacheckfor$1500.1500美元的支票

anyoneelse’sbook.

themonumenttothepeople’sheroes.人民英雄紀(jì)念碑theentrancetothestation//cinema（在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中of屬格大都可用’s所有格代替。）四．名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的一些習(xí)慣用法1）單復(fù)數(shù)同形的詞:Chineseli里peopleSwiss瑞士人deermeans手段series系列Vietnamese越南人fishmu畝sheepyuan元Japanese2）常用復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞arms武器earnings掙的錢(qián)pants褲子socks襪子ashes灰燼findings調(diào)查結(jié)果pyjamas睡衣褲stairs樓梯belongs所有物firewoods煙火remains殘余surroundings環(huán)境clothes衣服forces武裝部隊(duì)savings儲(chǔ)蓄trousers褲子sweepings掃攏的垃圾compass指南針glasses眼鏡scissors剪刀thanks感激congratulations祝賀jeans牛仔褲shoes鞋子tropics熱帶doings行為mountains山脈shorts短褲3)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，意思為單數(shù)News消息crossroads十字路口physics物理politics政治mathematics數(shù)學(xué)headquarters司令部4）表示總體意義，總用作復(fù)數(shù)police警察people人們，人民clothes衣服cattle牛群public公眾五．主謂一致主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Heisastudent.Wearestudents.and連接兩個(gè)名詞，看有無(wú)the.Theprofessorandwriterisgoingtogiveusalectureofwriting.Theprofessorandthewriteraregoingtoourschool.Anumberof…和Thenumberof…后的謂語(yǔ)。Thenumberofpeoplewasfifty,butanumberofthemwereabsentfordifferentreasons.主語(yǔ)+with/aswellas/but/except/besides/including/like…+主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致。Alibrarywithfivethousandbooksisofferedtothenationasagift.Alltheteachersaswellasthestudents(be)invitedtotheparty.5．以either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso，not…but…等連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)按照就近原則。Eitheryouorhe______(be)togo.NotonlyhebutalsoI______(be)wrong.Neitherthechildrennortheteacher_______(know)anythingaboutit.6.Therebe句型就近原則。There____apairofglassesonthedesk.There____twopatientsandanurseinthehospital.7.有些名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式作為一個(gè)整體，(如度量，距離，金額，時(shí)間，書(shū)名等）其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Twoweeks___(be)notenoughtofinishthework.1000dollars___(be)alargeamountofmoney.8.某些集體名詞，如family,team等做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若當(dāng)一個(gè)整體看，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)，若就其中一個(gè)一個(gè)成員來(lái)看，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)，class,club,audience,committee,crowd,government,party,public,team等。其中population的用法也類(lèi)似Hisfamily_____(be)ahappyfamily.Thewholefamily_____(be)havinglunch.ThepopulationofChina____(be)verylarge.Alltheworld________(be)waitingforthegoodnews.9.成雙成對(duì)構(gòu)成的東西，如glasses,shoes,chopsticks,scissors等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但與apair一起構(gòu)成作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。10．each,every+名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Eachboyandgirl________(want)toservethepeopleinthefuture.11.…幾分之幾/…百分之幾+of+名詞單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)+謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)Three-fifthsofmoney_____(have)beenusedup.Twothirdsofthestudents______(be)girlstudents.12.…oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)…theonly/theveryoneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)Heisoneoftheboysthathavepassedthemathstest.Sheistheonlyoneofthegirlswhohasfinishedreadingintime.提高練習(xí)1.Thewholeclass___greatlymovedathiswords.A.isB.hadC.wereD.was2.Theglasses______mine.Thatpairofglasses_____mybrother’s.A.are;isB.are;areC.is;areD.is;is

3.Manyastudent______somethingaboutAbrahamLincoln.A.haveknownB.knowsC.isknownD.areknown4.Halfofthevisitors_____fromEurope.Halfofthefruit_____bad.A.is;areB.is;isC.are;isD.are;are5.Eachofthefootballers___over150pounds.A.weighB.weighsC.weightsD.wereweighing6.Thesingerandpianist_____askedtomakeaspeechatthemeetingyesterday.A.isB.wasC.areD.were7.StoriesoftheLongMarch_______popularwiththeyoungpeoplenow.A.isB.wasC.areD.were

8.There__alotofrubbishonthefloorsoIaskedMarytosweep__up.

A.were;itB.are;themC.was;itD.is;them

9.Mayoraswellasvolunteerworkers_______thenewly-builtstadium.

A.iscleaningB.arecleaningC.werecleaningD.havecleaned

10.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoI_____goodatpainting.Bothofus_____goodpainters.A.are...areB.am...areC.is...isD.are...is11.Eitheryouorthepresident_______theprizestothesegiftedwinnersatthemeeting.

A.ishandingoutB.aretohandoutC.arehandingoutD.istohandout

12.Morethan60percentofworld'sradioprograms_______inEnglish.A.isB.wasC.areD.be13.Thewounded___goodcareofherenow.A.istakingB.aretakingC.arebeingtakenD.istaken14.Onesixthofourclassmates____frompeasantfamilies.Onefifthofhertime____devotedtowriting.A.

comes;isB.

come;areC.

come;isD.

comes;are15.TheOlympicGamesintheyear2008_____inBeijingofChina,which_____knowntousall.

A.istohold;isB.istobeheld;wasC.aretohold;isD.aretobeheld;is

16.Awomanwithtwochildren____cominguptous.Mary,alongwithherparents,___movedtoParis.A.is;hasB.is;haveC.are;haveD.are;has17.Nothingbutseveralglasses________boughtbymyfatherthedaybeforeyesterday.

A.wasB.wereC.havebeenD.wouldbe

18.Manypeoplesay10,000_______alotofmoney.A.dollarisB.dollarsareC.dollarsisD.dollarare19.Thenumberofthepeoplewho___cars___increasing.A.own….areB.own…isC.owns…isD.owns…are20.Heisoneoftheboyswho_____neverlateforschool.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho_____neverlateforschool.A.is;areB.are;areC.are;isD.is;is改錯(cuò):1.WhatalotofworksIhavetofinishtoday!2.Whatabeautifulweatherwearehavingrecently!3.Mostofthemarewomandoctors.4.Hewroteathree-hundred-wordsreport.5.Therearefourbasketso