2022年考研考博-考博英語-四川師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)39

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-四川師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Shewasanexperiencedtravelerwhohad______bothAfricaandEuropeinhertwenties.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.traversed

B.transferred

C.trampled

D.trespassed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)traverse“穿過；來回移動(dòng)；反駁；阻撓；詳細(xì)研究；旋轉(zhuǎn)”；B選項(xiàng)transfer“轉(zhuǎn)讓；轉(zhuǎn)接；移交；轉(zhuǎn)移（地方）；（使）換乘；轉(zhuǎn)存，轉(zhuǎn)錄；調(diào)動(dòng)（工作）；傳染，傳播；使（運(yùn)動(dòng)員）轉(zhuǎn)隊(duì)；把（錢）轉(zhuǎn)到另一賬戶，機(jī)構(gòu)上”；C選項(xiàng)trample“踐踏；蔑視，傷害；腳步沉重地走”；D選項(xiàng)trespass“非法侵入（他人的土地或財(cái)產(chǎn)）；做錯(cuò)事；違反道德（或社會(huì)法規(guī)）”。句意：她是一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的旅行者，二十多歲時(shí)曾穿越非洲和歐洲。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.翻譯題

我的導(dǎo)師是亞裔美國(guó)人，嗜煙好酒，脾氣暴躁。但他十分欣賞亞裔學(xué)生勤奮與扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，也特別了解亞裔學(xué)生的心理。因此，在他實(shí)驗(yàn)室所招的學(xué)生中，除有一名來自德國(guó)外，其余5位均是亞裔學(xué)生。他干脆在實(shí)驗(yàn)室的門上貼一醒目招牌：“本室助研必須每周工作7天，早10時(shí)至晚12時(shí)，工作時(shí)間內(nèi)必須全力以赴。”這位導(dǎo)師的嚴(yán)格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所待的3年半中，共有14位學(xué)生被招進(jìn)他的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，最后博士畢業(yè)的只有5人。

【答案】MysupervisorisofAsianorigin.Heisaddictedtoalcoholsandcigarettes,withairritabletemper.Nevertheless,hehighlyappreciatestheindustryandthesolidfoundationalknowledgeofAsianstudentsandhasaparticularlykeeninsightintowhatAsianstudentshaveontheirmind.Hence,ofallthestudentsrecruitedintohislaboratory,exceptforoneGerman,theotherfivewereallfromAsia.Heevenputaneye-catchingnoticeonthedoorofhislab,whichread,“Alltheresearchassistantsofthislaboratoryarerequiredtowork7daysaweek,from10:00a.m.to12:00p.m..Nothingbutworkduringtheworkinghours.”Thissupervisorisreputedontheentirecampusforhisseverityandharshness.Duringthe3andahalfyearsthatIstayedthere,atotalof14studentswererecruitedintohislaboratoryandonly5ofthemstayeduntiltheygraduatedwiththeirPh.D.degrees.

3.翻譯題

residentialarea,leavesofblackbarrier,plaque,arch

二大門

二大門建于1909年，是清華大學(xué)的老校門。1933年，校園擴(kuò)大，西區(qū)住宅區(qū)延伸，（同時(shí)）新校門修建（即現(xiàn)在的西校門）。梁實(shí)秋在清華大學(xué)讀書的時(shí)候，這樣描述它的老校門：清華大學(xué)的老校門由灰磚砌成，復(fù)以白漆，籠罩在淡淡的乳白色中，與總是半開著的兩扇黑色棚欄相映襯。

在拱形大門的橫匾上刻著三個(gè)醒目的中國(guó)字“清華園”，為清朝末期一個(gè)叫作那同的達(dá)官所書寫。大門在文化革命初期被損毀，直到1991年才重新修復(fù)。

【答案】TheSecondGate,builtin1909,istheoldgateofTsinghuaUniversity.In1933,thecampuswasexpanded,theWestSideresidentialareawasextended,andthenewschoolgate(nowtheWestGate)wasbuilt.

WhenLiangShiqiuwasastudentatTsinghuaUniversity,hedescribeditsoldgatethisway:TheoldgateofTsinghuaUniversitywasbuiltofgreybrick,cladinwhitepaint,andenvelopedinapalemilkywhite,setoffbytwoleavesofblackbarrierthatwerealwayshalfopen.

OnthehorizontalplaqueofthearchedgatearethreestrikingChinesecharacters“QingHuaYuan”,writtenbyanofficialnamedNatonginthelateQingDynasty.ThegatewasdamagedatthebeginningoftheCulturalRevolutionandwasnotrestoreduntil1991.

4.單選題

______hispioneeringworkinthelate1930’s,EarlHineshasbeencalledthefatherofmodernjazzpiano.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asaresultof

B.Insupportof

C.Intheinterestof

D.Forthesakeof

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)asaresultof“因此，由于；作為……的結(jié)果”；B選項(xiàng)insupportof“支持；以便支持；為了支持；擁護(hù)”；C選項(xiàng)intheinterestof“為了……的利益；符合……的利益；為了……的好處”；D選項(xiàng)forthesakeof“出于對(duì)……的緣故/為了……起見”。句意：由于他在20世紀(jì)30年代后期的開創(chuàng)性工作，厄爾?海恩斯被稱為現(xiàn)代爵士鋼琴之父。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Onestudentafteranother______uptoanswertheteacher’squestions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stand

B.stands

C.standing

D.tostand

【答案】B

【解析】考查謂語動(dòng)詞形式。以“one...afteranother”做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。句意：學(xué)生一個(gè)接一個(gè)地站起來回答老師的問題。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Accuracyis______totheprogrammingofcomputer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.elemental

B.base

C.fundamental

D.inherent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)elemental“基本的；主要的；自然力的；四大要素的（土、水、氣、火）”（強(qiáng)調(diào)屬于事物的基礎(chǔ)或本質(zhì)）；B選項(xiàng)based“基地在……的；在……居?。ɑ蚬ぷ鳎?；（以某事）為基礎(chǔ)，為根據(jù)”；C選項(xiàng)fundamental“基本的，根本的”（強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性，根基作用等，指重要程度即非常重要）；D選項(xiàng)inherent“固有的；內(nèi)在的；與生俱來的，遺傳的”。句意：準(zhǔn)確性是計(jì)算機(jī)編程的基礎(chǔ)。befundamentalto...“基礎(chǔ)的；基本的”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

SamuelSlaterwasborninBelper,England,in1768.OncompletionofhissevenyearapprenticeshipinanEnglishspinningmill,hewasapparentlysoworriedaboutthegrowth,andhencesaturation,oftheindustryintheUnitedKingdomthat,in1789,withouttheknowledgeofhisfamily,SlatertraveledtoAmericaattheageof21.Thiswasdoneinsecret;itwasillegalatthetimetoexportanythingtotheU.S.relatingtomachinery,includingengineers.Also,theU.S.wasofferingrewardsfortextileinformation.

ArrivinginNewYork,itwasnotlongbeforehelearnedoftheexperimentalworkofMosesBrownandWilliamAlmy,inPawtucket,withmoreadvancedmachinesthantheSpinningJennysusedinNewYork.Initiallywithoutanycontract,andworkingalongsidetheengineersalreadyemployedattheAlmyandBrownmill,SlatersuccessfullyreworkedaspinningframealongthelinesofArkwright’sWaterFrame.ThisthreemonthsofworkresultedinapartnershipwithAlmyandBrown.Heunderstoodthewholespinningprocessandknewwhichmachineswerevitaltooverallsuccessofamill.

However,thatmanagementtrainingandknowledgereallycameintoitsownoverthenexttwoyearsasSlaterlaboredtoeducatetheembryonictextileindustryandbusinessmeninthetechniquesthathadprovedsosuccessfulinBelper.Withoutthese,Slaterbelievedtheindustrywouldnotflourish.Inparticular,hisaimwastomaximizetheoutputfromthemachineryanddevelopthemarketplaceinordertosellalltheyarnthatcouldbeproduced.Priortothis,thephilosophyofAlmyandBrownwastoproduceonlytoorder.By1792,Slaterhadproved,throughtheuseofhisBelper-learnedmanagementtechniques,thathecouldmakespinningaprofitablebusiness.ThisledtobuildingtheOldSlaterMill—thefirstsuccessfulU.S.cottonspinningmill.Slater’sviewwastoconcentrateonaspecificaspectandspecialize.Theotherpartnersbelievedincoveringthewholetextileprocessthroughtofinishedgoods,includingknitting.Asaresult,in1797,Slaterbrokeawayandbuilthisownlargermill—theWhiteMill.FollowingthesuccessofSlater’sbusiness,thecottonindustryreallytookoffandoverthenexttenorsoyears,overeightymillsdeveloped.Slaterhasbeencalledboththe“FatherofAmericanIndustry”,andthe“FounderoftheAmericanIndustrialRevolution”.

1.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,SlaterwasattractedtotheAlmyandBrownmillbecause_______.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasNOToneofSlater’saimsinhisapproachtorunningamill?

4.WhathadSlaterprovedby1792?

5.SlaterleftAlmyandBrowntoestablish______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Slater’sarrivalinAmerica

B.NewYorkandtheAlmyandBrownmill

C.Thefirstthreemonthsandachievementofapartnership

D.Slater’sunderstandingofthespinningprocess

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theywereinPawtucket

B.theywereinnovativeandhadadvancedmachines

C.hedidnothavetohaveacontract

D.theyemployedprofessionalengineers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.maximizingoutput

B.salesdevelopment

C.Belpermanagementtechniques

D.coveringthefullprocessthroughtoknittedgoods

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thathisimportedmanagementtechniquesworked.

B.ThatthephilosophyofAlmyandBrownwaswrong.

C.Thathecouldbuildhisownsuccessfulmill.

D.Thathecouldsellalltheyarnhecouldproduce.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theOldSlaterMill

B.theWhiteMill

C.overeightymills

D.tenorsomills

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“ThisthreemonthsofworkresultedinapartnershipwithAlmyandBrown.（經(jīng)過三個(gè)月的努力，斯萊特與阿爾米和布朗建立了伙伴關(guān)系。）”可知第二段主要講的是斯萊特與另外兩個(gè)工廠的合作以及取得的成就，所以C選項(xiàng)“合伙的頭三個(gè)月和成就”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“斯萊特到達(dá)美國(guó)”；B選項(xiàng)“紐約、阿爾米和布朗磨坊”；D選項(xiàng)“斯萊特對(duì)紡紗過程的理解”均不符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段“ArrivinginNewYork,itwasnotlongbeforehelearnedoftheexperimentalworkofMosesBrownandWilliamAlmy,inPawtucket,withmoreadvancedmachinesthantheSpinningJennysusedinNewYork.（到達(dá)紐約后不久，他就知道了摩西?布朗和威廉?阿爾米在波塔基特的實(shí)驗(yàn)工作，他們用的機(jī)器比紐約使用的詹妮絲紡車還要先進(jìn)。）”，由此可知是布朗和阿米爾他們的先進(jìn)機(jī)器吸引了斯萊特，所以B選項(xiàng)“他們是創(chuàng)新的且有先進(jìn)的機(jī)器”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)诓ㄋ亍?；C選項(xiàng)“他不需要簽合同”；D選項(xiàng)“他們雇傭?qū)I(yè)工程師”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Inparticular,hisaimwastomaximizetheoutputfromthemachineryanddevelopthemarketplaceinordertosellalltheyarnthatcouldbeproduced.（特別是，他的目標(biāo)是最大限度地提高機(jī)器的產(chǎn)量和發(fā)展市場(chǎng)，以銷售所有能生產(chǎn)的紗線。）”，由此可知A選項(xiàng)“輸出最大化”和B選項(xiàng)“發(fā)展銷售”正確，可排除；第三段開頭提到“...asSlaterlaboredtoeducatetheembryonictextileindustryandbusinessmeninthetechniquesthathadprovedsosuccessfulinBelper.（因?yàn)樗谷R特努力向處于萌芽階段的紡織業(yè)和商人傳授在貝爾珀非常成功的技術(shù)。）”，由此可知C選項(xiàng)“貝爾珀管理技術(shù)”正確，也可排除；根據(jù)第三段“Slater’sviewwastoconcentrateonaspecificaspectandspecialize.Theotherpartnersbelievedincoveringthewholetextileprocessthroughtofinishedgoods,includingknitting.（斯萊特的觀點(diǎn)是專注于一個(gè)特定的方面并專門化。其他合作伙伴認(rèn)為應(yīng)該涵蓋整個(gè)紡織過程到成品，包括針織。）”，由此可知D選項(xiàng)“涵蓋針織產(chǎn)品的整個(gè)生產(chǎn)過程”并不是斯萊特的目的，因此該題應(yīng)選D選項(xiàng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“By1792,Slaterhadproved,throughtheuseofhisBelper-learnedmanagementtechniques,thathecouldmakespinningaprofitablebusiness.（到1792年，斯萊特已經(jīng)證明，通過使用他在貝爾珀學(xué)會(huì)的管理技巧，他可以使紡紗生意有利可圖。）”，由此可知斯萊特證明了他引進(jìn)的技術(shù)能讓紡紗生意有利可圖，所以A選項(xiàng)“他引進(jìn)的管理技術(shù)有效”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“阿爾米和布朗的觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的”；C選項(xiàng)“他可以建立自己成功的工廠”；D選項(xiàng)“他能賣掉他能生產(chǎn)的所有紗線”都不符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Asaresult,in1797,Slaterbrokeawayandbuilthisownlargermill—theWhiteMill.（結(jié)果，在1797年，斯萊特單飛并建立了他自己的更大的磨坊——白磨坊。）”，由此可知B選項(xiàng)“白磨坊”正確。A選項(xiàng)“老斯萊特磨坊”；C選項(xiàng)“年過八十的磨坊”以及D選項(xiàng)“大約10個(gè)磨坊”均說法錯(cuò)誤，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

“Veryfewpeopleliketotalkabouthowmuchmoneytheymake—especiallypeoplewhoearnalotofmoney,”wroteSalmoninhispostWhySalariesShouldn’tBeSecret,inthewakeofnewsthatrecently—departedNewYorkTimeseditorJillAbramsonhadstartedaskingquestionsaboutthepaydiscrepancybetweenherandherpredecessor.“Sincecompaniestendtoberunbypeoplewhoearnalotofmoney,theresultisacultureofsilenceandsecrecywhenitcomestopay.”

Thereareseveralsurprisingreasons.“Secrecysurroundingpayisgenerallyabadideaforanyorganizations,”Salmonwrote.“Foronething,secrecyaboutpayisbadforwomen,whoareworseataskingforraisesthanmenare.Ifmensecretlyaskforraisesandsecretlygetthen,whilewomendon’t,thenthathelpstoexplain,atleastinpart,whymenendupearningmorethanwomen,”Salmonwrote.“Secrecyaroundpayisalsoagreatwaytoallowmanagersto—consciouslyorunconsciously—playfavoriteswiththeirstaff.”

“We’veallworkedincompanies,I’msure,wheretheonlywaytogetasubstantialraiseistoconfrontmanagementwithajobofferfromsomewhereelse,”headded.“That’sclearlyadreadfulwaytorunacompany,sinceitgivesallemployeesahugeincentivetospendalotoftimelookingforworkelsewhere,evenifthey’rehappywheretheyare.”

“Ifyouworkforacompanywhereeverybodyknowswhateverybodyelseisearning,thenit’sgoingtobeveryeasytoseewhat’sgoingon.You’llseewhothestarsare,you’llseewhatkindofskillsandtalentthecompanyrewards,”hewrote.“You’llalsoseewhethermengetpaidmorethanwomen,whethermanagersaregenerallyoverpaid,andwhetherbehaviorlikethreateningtoquitisrewardedwithbigraises.What’smore,becausemanagementknowsthateverybodyelsewillseesuchthings,they’llbemuchlesslikelytodothekindofsecretdealswhicharealltoocommoninmostcompaniestoday.”

1.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

2.WhatisapossiblereasonwhymenusuallyearnmorethanwomenaccordingtoSalmon?

3.Theitalicizedphrase“playfavoriteswith”mostlikelymeansto______.

4.Anotherbigproblemsecrecyaboutpaymightcauseis______.

5.WhatdoesSalmonsuggestmighthappenifthereisnosecrecyinpay?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Salmonisthefirstwriterwhoputforwardthequestionofpaydiscrepancy.

B.JillAbramsonleftNewYorkTimeswhensheknewthatdifferenceinpay.

C.Managersseldomtalkabouttheirpaybecauseitisatraditionnotto.

D.JillAbramsondidn’tgetthesamepaywithsomeonewhodidthesamejob.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Menaremorelikelytogetthetrustoftheirboss.

B.Managerstendtothinkmenaremorecapablethanwomen.

C.Menexpectmorepressureonthebossforpayraisethanwomen.

D.Menaremorelikelytomakesecretdealwiththemanageraboutpay.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.makesecretdealswith

B.treatdifferently

C.showprejudiceagainst

D.cheat

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.employees’lackoffullcommitment

B.lowproductivity

C.unhappyemployees

D.frequentconfrontations

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Managerswillearnlessthantheydotoday.

B.Employeeswillbemoreskilledthantoday.

C.Itwillbeclearwhotheboss’sfavoriteis.

D.Thecompanywillbecomeafairerplacethantoday.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Sincecompaniestendtoberunbypeoplewhoearnalotofmoney,theresultisacultureofsilenceandsecrecywhenitcomestopay.（由于公司往往是由賺大錢的人經(jīng)營(yíng)的，其結(jié)果是在薪酬方面形成了一種沉默和保密的文化。）”，由此可知C選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)理們很少談?wù)撍麄兊男匠?，因?yàn)檫@是一種傳統(tǒng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“薩爾蒙是第一個(gè)提出工資差距問題的作家”文中沒有說到；B選項(xiàng)“吉爾?艾布拉姆森知道工資的差別后離開了《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》”文章也沒有明確說到這二者有因果關(guān)系；D選項(xiàng)“吉爾?艾布拉姆森沒有和做同樣工作的人得到同樣的報(bào)酬”說法錯(cuò)誤，文中只提到吉爾?艾布拉姆森質(zhì)疑她和自己前輩的工資差異，并沒有說到他們是否是做的同樣的工作，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Foronething,secrecyaboutpayisbadforwomen,whoareworseataskingforraisesthanmenare.Ifmensecretlyaskforraisesandsecretlygetthen,whilewomendon’t,thenthathelpstoexplain,atleastinpart,whymenendupearningmorethanwomen.（一方面，工資保密對(duì)女性不利，因?yàn)榕员饶行愿簧朴谝蠹有健Ｈ绻腥送低档匾蠹有?，然后偷偷地得到加薪，而女人卻沒有，那么這就有助于解釋，至少在一定程度上，為什么男人最終會(huì)比女人掙得多。）”，由此可知D選項(xiàng)“男人更容易和經(jīng)理就工資問題做秘密交易”正確。A選項(xiàng)“男人更容易得到老板的信任”；B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)理們傾向于認(rèn)為男人比女人更有能力”以及C選項(xiàng)“男性施加給經(jīng)理的加薪壓力比女性更大”文章都沒有提及，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Secrecyaroundpayisalsoagreatwaytoallowmanagersto—consciouslyorunconsciously—playfavoriteswiththeirstaff.（關(guān)于薪酬的保密也是一個(gè)很好的方法，可以讓管理者有意識(shí)或無意識(shí)地與員工達(dá)成某種協(xié)議）”以及前文可知A選項(xiàng)“與……做秘密交易”與playfavoritewith意思更接近。B選項(xiàng)“區(qū)別對(duì)待”；C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)……有偏見”；D選項(xiàng)“欺騙”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“We’veallworkedincompanies,I’msure,wheretheonlywaytogetasubstantialraiseistoconfrontmanagementwithajobofferfromsomewhereelse,”headded.“That’sclearlyadreadfulwaytorunacompany,sinceitgivesallemployeesahugeincentivetospendalotoftimelookingforworkelsewhere,evenifthey’rehappywheretheyare.”（我敢肯定，我們都在一些公司工作過，要想獲得大幅加薪，唯一的辦法就是讓管理層面對(duì)來自其他地方的工作邀請(qǐng)。這顯然是一種可怕的管理公司的方式，因?yàn)檫@給了所有員工巨大的動(dòng)力，讓他們花大量時(shí)間在別處找工作，即使他們?cè)谀抢锖荛_心。）”，由此可知薪酬保密導(dǎo)致如果員工想加薪就只有不停地去別處找工作，從而導(dǎo)致員工的心情變差，影響工作效率，C選項(xiàng)“不開心的員工”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“員工缺乏充分的承諾”；B選項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)率低”以及D選項(xiàng)“頻繁的對(duì)抗”文章都沒有提及，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“You’llseewhothestarsare,you’llseewhatkindofskillsandtalentthecompanyrewards,”hewrote.“You’llalsoseewhethermengetpaidmorethanwomen,whethermanagersaregenerallyoverpaid,andwhetherbehaviorlikethreateningtoquitisrewardedwithbigraises.What’smore,becausemanagementknowsthateverybodyelsewillseesuchthings,they’llbemuchlesslikelytodothekindofsecretdealswhicharealltoocommoninmostcompaniestoday.”（你會(huì)看到最受老板青睞的是誰，你會(huì)看到公司獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的是什么樣的技能和才能。你還將看到，男性的薪酬是否高于女性，管理人員的薪酬是否普遍過高，以及威脅辭職等行為是否會(huì)得到大幅加薪的回報(bào)。更重要的是，因?yàn)楣芾韺又榔渌硕紩?huì)看到這樣的事情，所以他們不太可能做今天大多數(shù)公司都太常見的秘密交易。）”，由此可知如果薪酬不保密，公司內(nèi)部的各種規(guī)則會(huì)更透明化，工資制度相對(duì)來說會(huì)更公平，D選項(xiàng)“公司將變得比今天更公平”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)理們的收入將比現(xiàn)在少”和B選項(xiàng)“員工們的技能會(huì)比今天更高”文章中并沒有直接體現(xiàn)；C選項(xiàng)“老板最喜歡誰將一目了然”雖然文章有提到，但是不符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Producingelastinthroughchemicalsynthesisisatediousprocessconsuming______threemonths.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thebetterhalfof

B.forthebetterof

C.allthebetterfor

D.thebetterpartof

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)thebetterhalfof在英語中不存在；英語中只用your(my)betterhalf，意為“你的（我的）丈夫或妻子”；B選項(xiàng)forthebetterof“為了……更好”；C選項(xiàng)allthebetterfor意為“就更好了，反而更好”；D選項(xiàng)thebetterpartof意為“大部分”，與一個(gè)時(shí)間名詞搭配，指“那段時(shí)間中的大部分”。句意：通過化學(xué)合成來生產(chǎn)彈性硬蛋白差不多需要三個(gè)月的時(shí)間。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

ThesunfrizzledthegrassesandblazedontherocksofKasauli.Allwaseither______orblackenedbyheatandglare.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.quenched

B.breached

C.bleached

D.white

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)quenched“熄滅，淬火；解渴；結(jié)束；冷浸；平息”；B選項(xiàng)breach“違反，破壞；打破”；C選項(xiàng)bleached“漂白，曬白；（使）變成淡色；（使）失去活力；（使）失去實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容；用漂白劑給……清洗，消毒”；D選項(xiàng)white“使變白，把……涂白”。句意：陽光使青草卷曲，在卡索利的巖石上發(fā)出耀眼的光芒。所有的東西都被熱得失去活力或被強(qiáng)光變黑了。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Thereisanewtypeofsmalladvertisementbecomingincreasinglycommoninnewspaperclassifiedcolumns.Itissometimesplacedamong“situationsvacant”,althoughitdoesnotofferanyoneajob,andsometimesitappearsamong“situationswanted”,althoughitisnotplacedbysomeonelookingforajob,either.Whatitdoesistoofferhelpinapplyingforajob.

“Contactusbeforewritingyourapplication”,or“Makeuseofourlongexperienceinpreparingyourcurriculumvitaeorjobhistory”,ishowitisusuallyexpressed.Thegrowthandapparentsuccessofsuchaspecializedserviceis,ofcourse,areflectiononthecurrenthighlevelsofunemployment.Itisalsoanindicationofthegrowingimportanceofthecurriculumvitae(orjobhistory),withthesuggestionthatitmaynowqualifyasanartforminitsownright.

Therewasatimewhenjobseekerssimplywrotelettersofapplication.“Justputdownyourname,address,ageandwhetheryouhavepassedanyexams”,wasabouttheaveragelevelofadviceofferedtoyoungpeopleapplyingfortheirfirstjobswhenIleftschool.Theletterwasreallyjustforopeners,itwasexplained,andeverythingelsecouldandshouldbesavedfortheinterview.Andinthosedaysoffullemploymentthetechniqueworked.Theletterprovedthatyoucouldwriteandwereavailableforwork.Youreagerfaceandintelligentrepliesdidtherest.

Later,asyoumoveduptheladder,somethingslightlymoresophisticatedwascalledfor.Theadvicethenwastoputsomethingintheletterwhichwoulddistinguishyoufromtherest.Itmightbetheaggressiveapproach.“Yoursearchisover.Iamthepersonyouarelookingfor”,wasawidelyusedtrickthatoccasionallysucceeded.Oritmightbesomespecialfeaturespeciallydesignedforthejobinterview.

Thereisnodoubt,however,thatitisincreasingnumberofapplicantswithuniversityeducationatallpointsintheprocessofengagingstaffthathasledtothegreaterimportanceofthecurriculumvitae.

1.Thenewtypeofadvertisementwhichisappearinginnewspapercolumns______.

2.Nowadaysademandforthisspecializedtypeofservicehasbeencreatedbecause______.

3.Inthepastitwasexpectedthatfirstjobhunterswould______.

4.Later,asonewentontoapplyformoreimportantjobs,onewasadvisedtoincludeintheletter______.

5.Thecurriculumvitaehasbecomesuchanimportantdocumentbecause______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.informsjobhuntersoftheopportunitiesavailable

B.promisestoofferusefuladvicetothoselookingforemployment

C.dividesavailablejobsintovarioustypes

D.informsemployersofthepeopleavailableforwork

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thereisalackofjobsavailableforartisticpeople

B.therearesomanytopleveljobsavailable

C.therearesomanypeopleoutofwork

D.thejobhistoryisconsideredtobeaworkofart

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.writeaninitiallettergivingtheirlifehistory

B.passsomeexamsbeforeapplyingforajob

C.havenoqualificationsotherthanbeingabletoreadandwrite

D.keepanydetailedinformationuntiltheyobtainedaninterview

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.somethingthatwoulddistinguishonefromotherapplicants

B.hintedinformationaboutthepersonalityoftheapplicant

C.one’sadvantagesoverothersinapplyingforthejob

D.anoccasionaltrickwiththeaggressiveapproach

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.therehasbeenanincreaseinthenumberofjobsadvertised

B.therehasbeenanincreaseinthenumberofapplicantswithdegrees

C.jobsarebecomingmuchmorecomplicatednowadays

D.theotherprocessesofapplyingforjobsaremorecomplicated

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段最后一句“Whatitdoesistoofferhelpinapplyingforajob.（它的作用是在求職時(shí)提供幫助。）”由此可知這種新型廣告主要是給那些找工作的人提供有用的信息，所以B選項(xiàng)“承諾給那些找工作的人提供有用的信息”說法正確。A選項(xiàng)“給求職者提供工作機(jī)會(huì)”；C選項(xiàng)“將現(xiàn)有的工作分為不同類型”；D選項(xiàng)“通知雇主可以工作的人”都與文章事實(shí)不符，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Thegrowthandapparentsuccessofsuchaspecializedserviceis,ofcourse,areflectiononthecurrenthighlevelsofunemployment.Itisalsoanindicationofthegrowingimportanceofthecurriculumvitae(orjobhistory),withthesuggestionthatitmaynowqualifyasanartforminitsownright.當(dāng)然，這種專門服務(wù)的增長(zhǎng)和明顯的成功反映了目前的高失業(yè)率。這也表明了簡(jiǎn)歷（或工作經(jīng)歷）越來越重要，因?yàn)樗旧砭涂梢苑Q得上是一種藝術(shù)形式”。由此可知對(duì)這種特殊類型的服務(wù)需求增多是因?yàn)槭I(yè)人數(shù)的原因，所以C選項(xiàng)“有很多人失業(yè)”說法正確。A選項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)工作者缺少工作機(jī)會(huì)”；B選項(xiàng)“頂級(jí)工作數(shù)量增多”與文章事實(shí)不符；D選項(xiàng)“工作經(jīng)歷被認(rèn)為是一件藝術(shù)品”文章雖然有提到，但不是這種特殊類型的服務(wù)需求增多的原因。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Therewasatimewhenjobseekerssimplywrotelettersofapplication.‘Justputdownyourname,address,ageandwhetheryouhavepassedanyexams’,wasabouttheaveragelevelofadviceofferedtoyoungpeopleapplyingfortheirfirstjobswhenIleftschool.Theletterwasreallyjustforopeners,itwasexplained,andeverythingelsecouldandshouldbesavedfortheinterview.”（曾經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間，求職者只寫求職信?！罢?qǐng)寫下您的姓名、地址、年齡和是否通過了考試”，這是我離開學(xué)校時(shí)給申請(qǐng)第一份工作的年輕人提供的平均建議。他們解釋說，這封信實(shí)際上只是開個(gè)玩笑，其他一切都可以而且應(yīng)該留到面試時(shí)再寫）。由此可知在過去求職者會(huì)在求職信上面寫下詳細(xì)信息直到他們獲得面試，所以D選項(xiàng)“保留任何詳細(xì)的信息直到他們獲得面試”說法正確。A選項(xiàng)“寫一封說明他們生活歷史的信件”文章沒有提到；B選項(xiàng)“在申請(qǐng)工作之前通過一些考試”文章只提到在求職信上寫上自己是否通過了考試，并沒有提到求職者必須通過考試，故不選；C選項(xiàng)“除了能讀和寫之外沒有別的資格”說法錯(cuò)誤，文章提到Andinthosedaysoffullemploymentthetechniqueworked.Theletterprovedthatyoucouldwriteandwereavailableforwork.Youreagerfaceandintelligentrepliesdidtherest.在那些充分就業(yè)的日子里，這種方法是有效的。這封信證明你能寫，也能去工作。你急切的表情和機(jī)智的回答將會(huì)完成面試的剩下部分。由此只會(huì)讀和寫并不能幫助你獲得工作，面試中的表現(xiàn)也很重要。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段“Later,asyoumoveduptheladder,somethingslightlymoresophisticatedwascalledfor.Theadvicethenwastoputsomethingintheletterwhichwoulddistinguishyoufromtherest.Itmightbetheaggressiveapproach.（之后，當(dāng)你申請(qǐng)更重要的工作時(shí)，就需要一些其他更稍微復(fù)雜些的能力。當(dāng)時(shí)的建議是在信中寫些能使你和其他人區(qū)別開來的東西。這可能是一種咄咄逼人的方式。）”由此可知A選項(xiàng)“能讓你從其他申請(qǐng)者中脫穎而出的東西”說法正確。B選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于申請(qǐng)人性格的暗示信息”文章沒有提到；C選項(xiàng)“在申請(qǐng)這項(xiàng)工作方面比別人有優(yōu)勢(shì)”為本題干擾項(xiàng)，文中只提到建議在簡(jiǎn)歷中寫一些和別人不一樣的地方，可以是很多方面，而不僅僅局限于工作方面，所以本題不選C選項(xiàng)；D選項(xiàng)“用侵略性方法偶爾?；ㄕ小?，文章只提到在信中寫些能使你和其他人區(qū)別開來的東西這一舉措可能是一種咄咄逼人的方式，并不是建議求職者在求職過程中用侵略性方法偶爾?；ㄕ小Ｒ虼薃選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Thereisnodoubt,however,thatitisincreasingnumberofapplicantswithuniversityeducationatallpointsintheprocessofengagingstaffthathasledtothegreaterimportanceofthecurriculumvitae.（但是，毫無疑問，在申請(qǐng)工作的過程中具有大學(xué)學(xué)歷的人數(shù)增加，使得簡(jiǎn)歷更加重要。）”由此可知簡(jiǎn)歷變得越來越重要的原因是因?yàn)楦邔W(xué)歷申請(qǐng)人數(shù)量的增加，所以B選項(xiàng)“有學(xué)位的申請(qǐng)人數(shù)量有所增加”說法正確。A選項(xiàng)“招聘廣告的數(shù)量有所增加”；C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在的工作變得越來越復(fù)雜”；D選項(xiàng)“其他的申請(qǐng)工作的過程更加復(fù)雜”都與文章事實(shí)不符，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Hersondidn’tgetpaidverymuch,butmotherandsonmanagedtoget______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.over

B.off

C.by

D.down

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)getover“克服；恢復(fù)；熬過；原諒”；B選項(xiàng)getoff“動(dòng)身；免于受罰；從……下來；脫下（衣服等）”；C選項(xiàng)getby“通過；（生活）過得去；過活；獲得認(rèn)可”；D選項(xiàng)getdown“下來；吞下；使沮喪”。句意：她的兒子掙的錢不多，但母子倆設(shè)法使生活過得去。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.翻譯題

WiththeadoptionoftheMulticulturalism,aseriesofnon-discriminatoryprogrammeswasintroducedtoenableAustraliansfromnon-Englishspeakingbackgroundstohavegreaterequalityofaccesstoeducation,healthandsocialservicesandpensions.Inaddition,“ethnicgroups”werepositionedtohavegreateraccesstogovernmentchannelsandtobeaccordedtherightstospeakfortheir“minoritygroups”.

【答案】隨著多元文化主義的采用，以及一系列非歧視性方案的引入，非英語背景的澳大利亞人能夠更平等地獲得教育、保健和社會(huì)服務(wù)以及養(yǎng)老金。此外，“族裔群體”有更多的機(jī)會(huì)接觸政府渠道，并被賦予為其“少數(shù)民族”發(fā)言的權(quán)利。

14.翻譯題

Earlymenwerealsogreatlyinterestedinthestarstheysawtwinklingintheskyatnight.Whattheydidnotrealizewasthatthestarswerealsopresentduringthedaytime,buttheirlightwasnotvisiblebecauseofthebrillianceofthesun.Howdidtheydiscoverthis?

Thereisoneeventwhichdoesenableustoseethestarsinthedaytime.Itisthetotaleclipseofthesun(日全食),whenthemoonpassesinfrontofthesunandhidesitfromview.Whenthishappens,theskybecomesdarkenoughforthestarstobeseen.Totaleclipsesofthiskinddonotoccurveryoftenandarenotlikelytobeseenfromthesameareamorethanonceeveryfifty-fouryears.Onecanimaginewhatanawe-inspiringsightitmusthavebeenforanearlyman,whowouldremembertheeventfortherestofhislife.

Somanwatchedthemovementsofthesun,themoonandthestarsandwonderedaboutthem.Itwaspracticingtheoldestbranchofscience—astronomy.

【答案】古人也對(duì)夜晚所見天空中閃爍的群星懷有濃厚的興趣。他們還知道白天星星也在那里，只是看不見它們閃光，因?yàn)樘柟馓珡?qiáng)了。人們?cè)趺磿?huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)的呢？

只有一種情況讓我們?cè)诎滋炜匆娦切?，那就是日全食。月亮走到太陽前面，把它遮住。這時(shí)天空變暗，便可看見星星了。這種日全食并不常見，同一個(gè)地區(qū)也許每隔五十四年只會(huì)碰上一次。我們可以想象，對(duì)于古人來說，這該是一種多么令人心驚膽顫的景象啊，他們一生永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記。

人類就是這樣觀察太陽，月亮和星體的運(yùn)動(dòng)，并產(chǎn)生疑問的，人們?cè)谒伎妓鼈兪鞘裁矗约八鼈冊(cè)诟墒裁吹臅r(shí)候，其實(shí)就是在從事對(duì)科學(xué)的最古老的學(xué)科——天文學(xué)的研究。

15.單選題

Whileanucleardestructionwillneverbecome______,wecanhelptomakeitlessprobablybyadvisingthesuperpowerstochangetheirattitudes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.desperate

B.impossible

C.serious

D.inevitable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)desperate“不顧一切的；令人絕望的；極度渴望的”；B選項(xiàng)impossible“不可能的；不可能存在的；難以忍受的；不真實(shí)的”；C選項(xiàng)serious“嚴(yán)肅的，嚴(yán)重的；認(rèn)真的；莊重的；危急的”；D選項(xiàng)inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”。句意：雖然核毀滅永遠(yuǎn)無法避免，但我們可以建議超級(jí)大國(guó)改變態(tài)度，幫助降低這種毀滅的可能性。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Lastyear,thecrimerateinChicagosharply______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.declined

B.lessened

C.descended

D.slipped

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)declined“下降；衰退”，表示數(shù)量或能量的下降；B選項(xiàng)lessened“減少；減輕；變小”；C選項(xiàng)descended“下降；下去；下來；遺傳；屈尊”，表示空間位置的從高到低；D選項(xiàng)slipped“滑動(dòng)；滑倒；犯錯(cuò)；失足；減退”。句意：去年，芝加哥的犯罪率急劇下降。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Parentshavealegal______toensurethattheirchildrenareprovidedwithefficienteducationsuitablefortheirage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impulse

B.influence

C.obligation

D.sympathy

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)impulse“沖動(dòng)；脈沖；刺激；神經(jīng)沖動(dòng)；推動(dòng)力”；B選項(xiàng)influence“影響；勢(shì)力；感化；有影響的人或事”；C選項(xiàng)obligation“義務(wù)；職責(zé)；債務(wù)”；D選項(xiàng)sympathy“同情；慰問；贊同”。句意：父母有法律義務(wù)確保其子女獲得適合其年齡的有效教育。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Incitieswithrentcontrol,thecitygovernmentsetsthemaximumrentthatalandlordcanchargeforanapartment.Supportersofrentcontrolarguethatitprotectspeoplewhoarelivinginapartments.Theirrentcannotincrease;therefore,theyarenotindangeroflosingtheirhomes.However,thecriticssaythatafteralongtime,rentcontrolmayhavenegativeeffects.Landlordsknowthattheycannotincreasetheirprofits.Therefore,theyinvestinotherbusinesseswheretheycanincreasetheirprofits.Theydonotinvestinnewbuildingswhichwouldalsoberent-controlled.Asaresult,newapartmentsarenotbuilt.Manypeoplewhoneedapartmentscannotfindany.Accordingtothecritics,theendresultofrentcontrolisashortageofapartmentsinthecity.

Sometheoristsarguethattheminimumwagelawcancauseproblemsinthesameway.Thefederalgovernmentsetstheminimumthatanemployermustpayworkers.Theminimumhelpspeoplewhogenerallylookforunskilled,low-payingjobs.However,iftheminimumishigh,employersmayhirefewerworkers.Theywillreplaceworkerswithmachinery.Theprice,whichisthewagethatemployersmustpay,increases.Therefore,otherthingsbeingequal,thenumberofworkersthatemployerswantdecreases.Thus,criticsclaim,anincreaseintheminimumwagemaycauseunemployment.Somepoorpeoplemayfindthemselveswithoutjobsinsteadofwithjobsattheminimumwage.

Supportersoftheminimumwagesaythatithelpspeoplekeeptheirdignity.Becauseofthelaw,workerscannotselltheirservicesforlessthantheminimum.Furthermore,employerscannotforceworkerstoacceptjobsatunfairwages.

Economictheorypredictstheresultsofeconomicdecisionssuchasdecisionsaboutfarmproduction,rentcontrol,andtheminimum