2022年考研考博-考博英語-天津師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號19

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-天津師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thereisconcernthatpoliceusethelawto（

）assetsfrompeoplewhohavecommittedminoroffences.

問題1選項

A.confiscate

B.offset

C.submit

D.intensify

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。confiscate意為“沒收”；offset意為“抵消”；submit意為“順從”；intensity意為“加強，增強”。

句意：有人擔(dān)心警察利用法律從輕微犯罪分子那里沒收財產(chǎn)。

2.單選題

To（

）istosaveandprotect,toleavewhatweourselvesenjoyinsuchgoodconditionthatothersmayalsosharetheenjoyment.

問題1選項

A.conserve

B.conceive

C.convert

D.contrive

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。conserve意為“保護，保藏，保存”；conceive意為“想象，設(shè)想”；convert意為“（使）轉(zhuǎn)變”；contrive意為“設(shè)計，發(fā)明”。句意：保存就是節(jié)約與保護，把我們現(xiàn)在享有的好的條件留給其他人來共享。

3.單選題

Igotseverallengthyphonecallsfrom（

）employerswhowereveryinterestedinme.

問題1選項

A.prospective

B.rewarding

C.generous

D.monotonous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。prospective意為“預(yù)期的”；rewarding意為“值得的”；generous意為“慷慨的，大方的”；monotonous意為“單調(diào)乏味的”。

句意：我接到幾個來自乏味雇主的冗長的電話，他們對我很感興趣。

4.翻譯題

Astudysuggeststhelong-termsurvivalbenefitsofshoppingarebetterthangoingtothegym,becauseseeingfriendsandjustpeople-watchingcanstaveofflonelinessandimprovepsychologicalhealth.

Theresearchersfoundthosewhoshoppeddailylivedlongerthanthosewhoshoppedlessfrequently,evenaftertakingaccountsofpeople’sphysicalorotherhealthproblems.Inshoppingvenues,socializingwith,orwatchingotherscanprovidesocialandmentalbenefits.Comparedwithothertypesofleisure-timephysicalactivity,likeformalexercise,whichusuallyrequiresmotivationandsometimesprofessionalinstruction,shoppingiseasiertoundertakeandmaintain.

【答案】一項研究表明，購物比健身更有利于長壽，因為見見朋友和僅僅看看路人就可以避免孤獨和改善心理健康。

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些每天購物的人比那些不經(jīng)常購物的人活得更長，即使在考慮了人們的身體或其他健康問題之后也是如此。在購物場所，與他人交流或看看他人可以豐富社交，帶來精神上的好處。與其他類型的休閑體育活動相比，比如正式的鍛煉，這通常需要動力，有時還需要專業(yè)指導(dǎo)，購物更容易進行和堅持下去。

5.單選題

Cripplinghealthcarebills,longemergency-roomwaitsandtheinabilitytofindaprimarycarephysicianjustscratchthesurfaceoftheproblemsthatpatientsfacedaily.

Primarycareshouldbethebackboneofanyhealthcaresystem.Countrieswithappropriateprimarycareresourcesscorehighlywhenitcomestohealthoutcomesandcost.TheU.S.takestheoppositeapproachbyemphasizingthespecialistratherthantheprimarycarephysician.

ArecentstudyanalyzedtheproviderswhotreatMedicarebeneficiaries.ThestartlingfindingwasthattheaverageMedicarepatientsawatotalofsevendoctors---twoprimarycarephysiciansandfivespecialists---inagivenyear.Contrarytopopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudon’tguaranteebettercare.Actually,increasingfragmentationofcareresultsinacorrespondingriseincostandmedicalerrors.

Howdidweletprimarycareslipsofar?Thekeyishowdoctorsarepaid.Mostphysiciansarepaidwhenevertheyperformamedicalservice.Themoreaphysiciandoes.Regardlessofqualityoroutcome,thebetterhe’sreimbursed.Moreover,theamountaphysicianreceivesleansheavilytowardmedicalorsurgicalprocedures.Aspecialistswhoperformsaprocedureina30-minutevisitcanbepaidthreetimesmorethanaprimarycarephysicianusingthatsame30minutestodiscussapatient’sdisease.Combinethisfactwithannualgovernmentthreatstoindiscriminatelycutreimbursements，physiciansarefaceswithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.

Primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices,furthercontributingtothedeclineofprimarycare.

Medicalstudentsarenotblindtothisscenario.Theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.Therecentnumbersshowthatsince1997,newlygraduatedU.Smedicalstudentswhochooseprimarycareasacareerhavedeclinedby50%.Thistrendresultsinemergencyroomsbeingoverwhelmedwithpatientswithoutregulardoctors.

Howdowefixthisproblem?

Itstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursementsystem.Removethepressureforprimarycarephysicianstosqueezeinmorepatientsperhour,andrewardthemforoptimallymanagingtheirdiseasesandpracticingevidence-basedmedicine.Makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconcilingthemarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.

We’reatapointwhereprimarycareisneededmorethanever.Withinafewyears,thefirstwaveofthe76millionBabyBoomerswillbecomeeligibleforMedicare.Patientsolderthan85,whoneedchroniccaremost,willriseby50%thisdecade.

Whowillbetheretotreatthem?

1.Theauthor’schiefconcernaboutthecurrentU.Shealthcaresystemis（

）.

2.Welearnfromthepassagethatpeopletendtobelievethat（

）.

3.Facedwiththegovernmentthreatstocutreimbursementsindiscriminatelyprimarycarephysicianshaveto

（

）.

4.Whydomanynewmedicalgraduatesrefusetochooseprimarycareastheircareer?

5.Whatsuggestiondoestheauthorgiveinordertoprovidebetterhealthcare?

問題1選項

A.theinadequatetrainingofphysicians

B.thedecliningnumberofdoctors

C.theshrinkingprimarycareresources

D.theever-risinghealthcarecosts

問題2選項

A.themorecostlythemedicine,themoreeffectivethecure

B.seeingmoredoctorsmayresultinmorediagnosticerrors

C.visitingdoctorsonaregularbasisensuresgoodhealth

D.themoredoctorstakingcareofapatient,thebetter

問題3選項

A.increasetheirincomebyworkingovertime

B.improvetheirexpertiseandservice

C.makevariousdealswithspecialists

D.seemorepatientsattheexpenseofquality

問題4選項

A.Theyfindtheneedforprimarycaredeclining.

B.Thecurrentsystemworksagainstprimarycare.

C.Primarycarephysicianscommandlessrespect.

D.Theythinkworkinginemergencyroomstedious.

問題5選項

A.Bridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycarephysicians.

B.Extendprimarycaretopatientswithchronicdiseases.

C.Recruitmoremedicalstudentsbyofferingthemloans.

D.Reducethetuitionofstudentswhochooseprimarycareastheirmajor.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。通讀全文，可知作者提出了美國目前初級護理醫(yī)師比例的嚴(yán)重失衡，造成這一現(xiàn)象的主要原因是薪酬，以及解決的方法，因此C選項“初級保健資源萎縮”符合題意。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中Contrarytopopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudon’tguaranteebettercare.（與人們普遍的看法相反，醫(yī)生照顧你的次數(shù)越多，就不能保證更好的護理）可知人們通常認為醫(yī)生照顧病人越多，就越好。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段和第五段中physiciansarefaceswithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.Primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices（醫(yī)生們別無選擇，只能增加數(shù)量以增加收入。拒絕妥協(xié)質(zhì)量的初級保健醫(yī)師要么被逐出行業(yè)，要么從事與一些現(xiàn)金相關(guān)的行業(yè)）可知D選項“以犧牲質(zhì)量為代價看更多的病人”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章第六段Theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.（他們看到了費用返還體制是如何嚴(yán)重地弄虛作假，不利于初級護理）可知B選項“現(xiàn)行制度是針對初級護理”符合題意。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。文章倒數(shù)第三段提出了解決初級護理的一些措施，包括：改革醫(yī)生返還費用制度；減輕初級保健醫(yī)生壓力；免除選擇初級護理作為職業(yè)的學(xué)生貸款；縮小專科醫(yī)師與初級護理醫(yī)師薪水的差異。因此A選項“縮小專家和初級保健醫(yī)生之間的工資差距”符合題意。

6.單選題

ChristianscalmJesuswasareal（

）character,butsometodayhavetheirdoubts.

問題1選項

A.historical

B.historic

C.history

D.historian

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。historical意為“歷史的，歷史上的”，指的是和歷史有關(guān)的或是歷史上出現(xiàn)過的人或事；historic意為“有歷史影響的”，指重要的歷史事件；history意為“歷史，歷史學(xué)”；historian意為“歷史學(xué)家”。

句意：基督徒聲稱耶穌是歷史上一個真實的人物，但今天有些人對此表示懷疑。

7.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

TheUnitedKingdomhasanextraordinarilyrichanddiverseartisticheritage,withBritishpoets,playwrights,musicians,sculptors,paintersandfilmmakersenjoyedandadmiredallovertheworld.

TheUnitedKingdom’scontributionstothevisualartsareimmenseandthentherearemanytracestobefoundaroundthecountry,fromstrikingarchitecturetopaintings,ceramicsandsculptureswhichcanbeeasilyfoundinourmanyartgalleriesandmuseums.

Theperformingartsarethrivingaswell.Music,theatre,filmmaking,danceandoperaareallperformedenthusiasticallyintheatres,concerthallsandstudiosalloverthecountryeverynightoftheyear.

Therichnessofourculturallifeislargelydowntoourdiversehistory,formanyhundredsofyearsdifferentracesandcultureshavehadaninfluenceontheUnitedKingdomandhaveconsequentlyplayedaroleincreatingthesocietyweliveintoday.

【答案】英國有著及其豐富多樣的藝術(shù)遺產(chǎn)，受人喜愛和尊敬英國詩人、劇作家、音樂家、雕塑家、畫家和電影制作人遍布世界各地。

英國對視覺藝術(shù)的貢獻是巨大的，在全國各地有許多蹤跡可尋，從引人注目的建筑到繪畫、陶瓷和雕塑，在我們的許多美術(shù)館和博物館都很容易找到。

表演藝術(shù)也蓬勃發(fā)展。音樂、戲劇、電影制作、舞蹈和歌劇每晚都在全國各地的劇院、音樂廳和攝影棚中激情地演出。

我們文化生活的豐富性在很大程度上取決于我們多元的歷史。數(shù)百年來，不同的種族和文化對英國產(chǎn)生了影響，并因此在創(chuàng)造我們今天生活的社會中發(fā)揮了作用。

8.單選題

Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirrorortheglassintheroofofagreenhousewhichallowsthesun'sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.

Accordingtoaweatherexpert'sprediction,theatmospherewillbe3°Cwarmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarming-uptookplace,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetresandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationoftheearth'schieffoodgrowingzones.

Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthickericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming,inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.

SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.

However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhavegonebeyondthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?

Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand"cold"spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror"colder"facestotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheearth'satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsochangeableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.

Scientistsarenowfindingsharedrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolarweatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth'sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulopposedbalancetothesun'sfadingheat.

1.Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould（

）.

2.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain（

）.

3.Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthernhemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis（

）.

4.Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsbelievetheopinionthat（

）.

5.IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect,（

）.

問題1選項

A.preventthesun’sraysfromreachingtheearth’ssurface

B.meanawarming-upintheArctic

C.accountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthernhemisphere

D.raisethetemperatureoftheearth’ssurface.

問題2選項

A.thegreenhouseeffect

B.thesolareffectsontheearth

C.themodelsofsolar-weatherinteractions

D.thecausesaffectingweather

問題3選項

A.mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearerising

B.possiblebecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremelting

C.exclusivelyduetotheeffectoftheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate

D.partlyduetovariationsintheoutputofsolarenergy

問題4選項

A.theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcooler

B.itwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaoftheearth’sclimatetotakeeffect

C.theman-madewarningeffecthelpstoincreasethesolareffects

D.thenewIceAgewillbedelayedbythegreenhouseeffect

問題5選項

A.thebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffectwouldbetoburnmorefuels.

B.icewouldsooncoverthenorthernhemisphere.

C.theincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheastrospherecouldwarmuptheearthevenmorequickly.

D.thegreenhouseeffectcouldworktotheadvantageoftheearth.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。文章第一段的內(nèi)容為：在大氣中，二氧化碳的作用就像一面單面鏡子或溫室屋頂上的玻璃，它允許陽光進入，但阻止熱量溢出。因此選D，在大氣中二氧化碳的濃度將提高地球表面的溫度。

第2題:主旨大意題。文章第一段至第四段主要講了二氧化碳對全球氣候的影響，最后兩段主要講了太陽活動對全球氣候變暖的影響，因此選D，本文主要解釋影響天氣的原因。

第3題:推理判斷題。由文章第五段中However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling...Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?和第六段中第一句Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun（一種可能是太陽的變化行為）可知選D，部分的原因是太陽活動的變化。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.（問題是，這些模型預(yù)測，世界應(yīng)該進入一個新的冰河時代，但事實并非如此）可知A選項“世界氣候應(yīng)該變得更冷”符合題意。

第5題:推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulopposedbalancetothesun'sfadingheat.（如果這是正確的，那么二氧化碳的溫室效應(yīng)可以抵消太陽熱量的減少）可知選B，如果關(guān)于新冰河延期的假設(shè)是正確的，那么冰很快就會覆蓋北半球。

9.單選題

Thedoctorsdon’t（

）thatthepatientwilllivemuchlonger.

問題1選項

A.entail

B.manifest

C.articulate

D.anticipate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。entail意為“牽涉，需要”；manifest意為“顯示，表明”；articulate意為“口齒清楚，清晰發(fā)(音)”；anticipate意為“預(yù)料，預(yù)期”。

句意：醫(yī)生們預(yù)計病人活不了多久了。

10.單選題

Engineeringoffersmenandwomenan（

）opportunitytoexperiencethejoyofimprovingthequalityoflifeforhumankindthroughdevelopmentofengineeringsolutionstosocietalproblems.

問題1選項

A.absolute

B.unparalleled

C.elaborate

D.obsessive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。absolute意為“絕對的，完全的”；unparalleled意為“無比的，空前的”；elaborate意為“復(fù)雜的，詳盡的”；obsessive意為“著迷的”。

句意：工程學(xué)為男性和女性提供一個前所未有的機會，通過開發(fā)解決社會問題的工程解決方案來讓他們體驗改善人類生活質(zhì)量的樂趣。

11.單選題

Indeed,whenyourealizethatyouare（

）ofthisentirenaturalnetwork,itwillmakeyouappreciateyourtimehereonEarthallthemore.

問題1選項

A.partandparcel

B.hustleandbustle

C.breadandbutter

D.fleshandblood

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。partandparcel意為“重要的部分”；hustleandbustle意為“熙熙攘攘”；breadandbutter意為“生計”；fleshandblood意為“血肉之軀”。

句意：事實上，當(dāng)你意識到你是整個自然網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一部分時，會讓你更重視你在地球上的時間。

12.單選題

Aseducationalsystembecomeuniversal,moreandmorepeoplewereexposedtoabstractlearningratherthantothepractical（

）ofspecificskills.

問題1選項

A.transportation

B.transaction

C.transmission

D.translation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。transportation意為“運送，運輸”；transaction意為“交易，業(yè)務(wù)”；transmission意為“傳播，傳遞”；translation意為“翻譯”。

句意：隨著教育體系的普及，越來越多的人接觸到抽象的學(xué)習(xí)，而不是具體技能的實際傳授。

13.單選題

Hewrotethebookin（

）withhiswife.

問題1選項

A.proportion

B.installment

C.correspondence

D.collaboration

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。proportion意為“比例，份額”；installment意為“裝置，分期付款”；correspondence意為“一致，符合”；collaboration意為“合作，協(xié)作”。

句意：他和他的妻子合作寫了這本書。

14.單選題

Thetranslatormusthaveanexcellent,up-to-dateknowledgeofhissourcelanguages,fullfacilityinthehandlingofhistargetlanguage,whichwillbehismothertongueorlanguageofhabitual（1）andaknowledgeandunderstandingofthelatestsubject-matterinhisfieldofspecialization.

Thisis,asitwere,hisprofessionalequipment,（2）this,itisdesirablethatheshouldhaveaninquiringmind,wideinterests,agoodmemoryandtheabilitytograspquicklythebasicprinciplesofnewdevelopments.Heshouldbewillingtowork（3）hisown,oftenathighspeeds,butshouldbehumbleenoughtoconsultother（4）hisownknowledgenotalwaysproveadequatetothetaskinhand.Heshouldbeabletotypefairlyquicklyandaccuratelyand,ifheisworkingmainlyforpublication,shouldhavemorethananodding（5）withprintingtechniquesandproof-reading.Ifheisworkingbasicallyasaninformationtranslator,letussay,foranindustrialfirm,heshouldhavetheflexibilityofmindtoenablehimto（6）rapidlyfromonesourcelanguagetoanother,aswellasfromonesubject-mattertoanother,sincethisabilityisfrequently（7）ofhiminsuchwork.

Bearinginmindthenatureofthetranslator’swork,i.e,theprocessingofthewrittenword,itis,strictlyspeaking（8）thatheshouldbeabletospeakthelanguageheisdealingwith.Ifhedoesspeakthem,itisanadvantage（9）ahindrance,butthisskillisinmanywaysaluxurythathecan（10）with.Itis,however,desirablethatheshouldhaveanapproximateideaaboutthepronunciationofhissourcelanguagesevenifthisisrestrictedtoknowinghowpropernamesandplacenamesarepronounced.

問題1選項

A.application

B.use

C.utility

D.usage

問題2選項

A.Morethan

B.Exceptfor

C.Becauseof

D.Inadditionto

問題3選項

A.of

B.by

C.for

D.on

問題4選項

A.should

B.when

C.because

D.if

問題5選項

A.familiarity

B.acquaintance

C.knowledge

D.skill

問題6選項

A.change

B.transform

C.turn

D.switch

問題7選項

A.lacked

B.required

C.faced

D.confronted

問題8選項

A.essential

B.unnecessary

C.advantageous

D.useless

問題9選項

A.over

B.despite

C.ratherthan

D.instead

問題10選項

A.deal

B.concern

C.work

D.doaway

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:B

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:D

【解析】第1題:考查名詞辨析。application意為“應(yīng)用，運用”，指理論知識的運用；use意為“使用”，指工具等的使用；utility意為“效用，有用”，指有效地使用某物使其發(fā)揮效用；usage意為“使用”，指具體的用法。languageofhabitualuse表示“習(xí)慣性使用語言”，指語言的適用。

第2題:考查上下文語義。此處表示翻譯人員除了應(yīng)具備前面所說的基本知識外，還應(yīng)有好學(xué)的品質(zhì)。morethan意為“不只是”；exceptfor意為“除……之外”；becauseof意為“因為，由于”；inadditionto意為“另外，除……之外（還）”。

第3題:考查固定搭配。onone’sown意為“靠自己”。

第4題:考查虛擬語氣。此處是if對將來的虛擬，從句中省略了if，采用部分倒裝。

第5題:考查固定搭配。anoddingacquaintance意為“點頭之交”。

第6題:考查動詞辨析。changefrom...to意為“從……變成”；transform意為“改變，改觀”；turn意為“轉(zhuǎn)變”；switch意為“轉(zhuǎn)換，交換”。此處表示從一種語言轉(zhuǎn)換到另一種語言。

第7題:考查固定搭配。belackedof意為“缺乏”；requiresth.ofsb.意為“對某人有某物的要求”；befacedwith意為“面臨”；beconfrontedwith意為“面對，面臨”。

第8題:考查上下文語義，由前面的thenatureofthetranslator’swork,theprocessingofthewritten,itis（譯者工作的性質(zhì)即文字的處理）和后面的beabletospeakthelanguageheisdealingwith（能夠說他正在處理的語言）可知嚴(yán)格來說他不必會講他說處理的語言。

第9題:考查連詞。此處表示是優(yōu)勢而不是障礙，ratherthan意為“而不是”，instead需要與of一起連用，才能表示“而不是”。

第10題:考查固定搭配。dealwith意為“處理”；concern不與with連用；workwith意為“工作”；doawaywith意為“廢除，消滅”。

15.單選題

（

）tellermachineshavereducedtheneedforbankvisitstoobtaincashandcarryout

transactions.

問題1選項

A.Correlated

B.Automated

C.Incorporated

D.Prototyped

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。correlated意為“相互關(guān)系的”；automated意為“自動化的”；incorporated意為“組成公司的”；prototyped意為“原型的”。

句意：自動取款機減少了去銀行提取現(xiàn)金和進行交易的需要。

16.單選題

Thehelicopter（

）alightplaneandbothpilotswerekilled.

問題1選項

A.coincidedwith

B.stumbledon

C.tumbledto

D.collidedwith

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。coincidewith意為“與……一致”；stumbleon意為“無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)”；tumbleto意為“跌到”；collidewith意為“與……相撞”。句意：直升機與一架輕型飛機相撞，兩名飛行員都遇難了。

17.單選題

It（

）toseesomanychildreninthatmountainousareacannotevenaffordelementaryeducation.

問題1選項

A.painsher

B.makesherpain

C.ispaining

D.ispained

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。itpainssb.tosee意為“看到……使某人心痛”。句意：看到很多山區(qū)的孩子無法接受基礎(chǔ)教育使她心痛。

18.單選題

Notonly（

）todeterminethedepthoftheoceanfloor,butitisalsousedtolocateoil.

問題1選項

A.touseseismology

B.isseismologyused

C.tohavestarted

D.usingseismology

【答案】B

【解析】考查部分倒裝。notonly位于句首時，句子要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，即將系動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞提前，放在主語前。

句意：地震學(xué)不僅用來確定海底的深度，而且還被用來定位石油。

19.單選題

Mathsandsciencecertainlyunderpinmanyinnovations.Indeed,theyarethebasisformuchofmodernsociety,fromthegadgetspeopleusetothewaysinwhichpeopleinteractwithoneanotherandthewayinwhichtheythink.Socloseistherelationshipthatpoliticiansseekingtopersuadevotersthattheyarepromotingeconomicgrowthuse"science"and"innovation"almostinterchangeably.Butlaudableasitisinitsownright,doespromotingmathsandsciencerepresentthebestwaytostimulatefutureinnovation?

ChrisBudd,anappliedmathematicianatBathUniversityinBritain,pointstothemathematicalfoundationsofthecommercialworld:theinternet,computers,mobilephones,modernmedicineandeventransportsystems.Theseemploybranchesofmathematicsthatwereconsideredobscureuntilrecentlybuthavefoundapplicationsinareassuchasbuildingsearchengines,heargues.Itisdifficulttopredictwhichnewscientificadvancewillgenerateneweconomicactivitybutscienceneverthelessboostsproductivity.Andasgovernmentshavesoughttopromotebusiness,theyhaveencourageduniversitiestoestablishspin-offcompaniesandtobuildpartnershipswithotherfledglingorganizationsseekingtodevelopnewproductsandnewprocesses,whichhashelpedtogeneratewealth.

Thatmayallbetrue,butitisnotsufficient,saysChrisTrimble,whoco-wrote"TheOtherSideofInnovation:SolvingtheExecutionChallenge"withVijayGovindarajan,bothofwhomconductresearchintoinnovationatTuckSchoolofBusinessatDartmouthCollegeinAmerica.Ofcoursemathsandsciencecanstimulatefutureinnovation,butpromotingthesedisciplinesisnotnecessarilythebestwayofbringingaboutchange.Hecitestargetedincentives,publicandprivatespendingand—mostimportantly,inhisview—bettermanagementasmorepowerfulalternatives.Itismanagementeducationnottechnicaleducationthatislacking,heargues.Thereisasurfeitofbrightideasbutnotenoughwherewithaltoimplementthem.

Yettheabilitytocreatewealthnotonlydependsonusingtoolsthatwerescientificallydesigned;italsorequirespeopletothinkbothcreativelyandincold,calculatingways.TomisquoteThomasEdison,innovationis1%inspirationand99%perspiration.Timethen,mentally,torollupyoursleeves.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wemayknowthatmanyinnovations（

）.

2.Theworld“l(fā)audable”inPara.1probablymeant

（

）.

3.“It”inPara.1(thelastsentence)mayreferto

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUEaboutChrisBudd?

5.ToChrisTrimble,educationofmathsandscience（

）.

問題1選項

A.areengenderedbymathsandscience

B.bringconvenientlifetomodernpeople

C.countmostforpoliticianstogainvotes

D.leaddirectlytoworldeconomicgrowth

問題2選項

A.understandable

B.praiseworthy

C.believable

D.feasible

問題3選項

A.modernsociety

B.promotionofeconomy

C.scienceandinnovation

D.importanceofmathsandscience

問題4選項

A.HeworksinaBritishuniversityasanappliedmathematician.

B.Hefirmlybelievesthatmathematicswillgenerateneweconomicactivity.

C.Hemaythinkthatitislogicaltoexpectinnovationstocomeoutofuniversities.

D.Hearguesforthepromotionofmathsandsciencetofosterfutureinnovations.

問題5選項

A.provessufficienttostimulatefutureinnovation

B.meanslittlecomparedwithtargetedincentives

C.islessimportantthanmanagementeducation

D.servesastheunderpinningofeconomicproductivity

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中Mathsandsciencecertainlyunderpinmanyinnovations.Indeed,theyarethebasisformuchofmodernsociety,fromthegadgetspeopleusetothewaysinwhichpeopleinteractwithoneanotherandthewayinwhichtheythink.（數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)無疑是許多創(chuàng)新的基礎(chǔ)。事實上，它們是現(xiàn)代社會的基礎(chǔ)，從人們使用的小工具到人們相互交流和思考的方式）可知A選項“由數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)產(chǎn)生”符合題意。

第2題:詞義題。understandable意為“能懂的，可理解的”；praiseworthy意為“值得稱贊的，值得表揚的”；believable意為“可信的”；feasible意為“可行的”。由Butlaudableasitisinitsownright（數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)對于創(chuàng)新很重要，盡管這值得稱贊）可知選B。

第3題:詞義題。文章第一段開篇就提出數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)支撐著很多創(chuàng)新，它們是現(xiàn)代社會的基礎(chǔ)，因此可以推測主要是講述數(shù)學(xué)與科學(xué)的重要性，故選D。

第4題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵此詞ChrisBudd定位至文章第二段，由Itisdifficulttopredictwhichnewscientificadvancewillgenerateneweconomicactivitybutscienceneverthelessboostsproductivity.（很難預(yù)測哪一項新的科學(xué)進步會產(chǎn)生新的經(jīng)濟活動，但科學(xué)卻能提高生產(chǎn)力）可知B選項“他堅信數(shù)學(xué)將產(chǎn)生新的經(jīng)濟活動”表述過于絕對，不符合原句表達的含義。

第5題:觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞ChrisTrimble定位至文章第三段，由Ofcoursemathsandsciencecanstimulatefutureinnovation,butpromotingthesedisciplinesisnotnecessarilythebestwayofbringingaboutchange.Hecitestargetedincentives,publicandprivatespendingand—mostimportantly,inhisview—bettermanagementasmorepowerfulalternatives.Itismanagementeducationnottechnicaleducationthatislacking,heargues.（當(dāng)然，數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)可以刺激未來的創(chuàng)新，但推廣這些學(xué)科并不一定是帶來變革的最佳方式。他列舉了有針對性的公共和私人激勵措施。在他看來，支出——最重要的是——更好的管理是更有力的替代方案。他認為，缺乏的是管理教育，而不是技術(shù)教育）可知選C。

20.單選題

TheIndustrialRevolutionbegansometimeintheeighteenthcentury.Itbrought（1）greaterchangesintechnologythantherehadbeeninallthe（2）historyofmankind.Bythemid-1800stherevolutionhadrunits（3）,andadvancedcountriesbegantoenjoysuch（4）asrailways,steamships,electricityandavarietyofsteam-driven（5）thatincreasedproductiontremendouslyandmadetheindustrialcountriesricherandmorepowerful.Technology,alsoenriched,was（6）refinedtoproducethetelephone,wirelesstelegraphy,theautomobileandtheairplane.Improvements（7）massproductionsoonmadethesenewthings（8）toordinarypeople,andbythe1930snewentertainmentindustries,（9）theradioandsoundmotionpictures,（10）theageofmassconsumption.

Allofthistookabout200years,（11）inthelaterstagesthepaceofdevelopment（12）.IftheFirstWorldWar（13）upthepaceofindustrialdevelopmentdramatically,thesecondglobal（14）wasthecatalyst（催化劑）forareal（15）oftechnology.It（16）tousthe（17）blessingsofnuclearenergyandweapons,spacetravelandinter-continentalballisticmissiles（彈道導(dǎo)弾）,automationandpetro-chemicals.Someinventionschangedthefaceofindustry,whileothersbeganto（18）thecharacterofsocietyandfamilylife.In（19）,theprocessoftechnologymadelifemoreproductive,saferandmoreagreeable;butalsomore（20）.

問題1選項

A.up

B.forward

C.out

D.about

問題2選項

A.processing

B.proceeding

C.preceding

D.presenting

問題3選項

A.course

B.way

C.route

D.road

問題4選項

A.discoveries

B.novelties

C.equipment

D.techniques

問題5選項

A.devices

B.facilities

C.appliances

D.machinery

問題6選項

A.quite

B.already

C.rather

D.further

問題7選項

A.in

B.for

C.of

D.with

問題8選項

A.accessible

B.available

C.adaptable

D.additional

問題9選項

A.excluding

B.concluding

C.including

D.comprising

問題10選項

A.enlivened

B.enriched

C.enhanced

D.enlightened

問題11選項

A.otherwise

B.therefore

C.but

D.moreover

問題12選項

A.slowed

B.enlarged

C.accelerated

D.stepped

問題13選項

A.made

B.stepped

C.picked

D.turned

問題14選項

A.conflict

B.confusion

C.conquest

D.conduct

問題15選項

A.destruction

B.deterioration

C.devotion

D.explosion

問題16選項

A.provid