2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-昆明理工大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)16

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-昆明理工大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

Mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistory,alanguagealltheirown,acommonreligion,orcommonancestry.Themythsbywhichtheylivearebasedonallofthese.ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants,comingfromagreatvarietyofnations.Lately,ithasbeenemphasizedthatanasocialnarcissisticpersonalityhasbecomecharacteristicofAmericans,andthatitisthistypeofpersonalitythatmakesforthelackofwell-being,becauseitpreventsusfromachievingconsensusthatwouldcounteractatendencytowithdrawintoprivateworlds.Inthisstudyofnarcissism,ChristopherLashsaysthatmodernman,“torturedbyself-consciousness,turnstonewtherapiesnottofreehimselfofhispersonalworriesbuttofindmeaningandpurposeinlife,tofindsomethingtolivefor.”Thereiswidespreaddistressbecausenationalmoralehasdeclined,andwehavelostanearliersenseofnationalvisionandpurpose.

【答案】大多數(shù)社會(huì)的共識(shí)來(lái)自于悠久的歷史、一種完全屬于自己的語(yǔ)言、一個(gè)共同的宗教或共同的祖先。他們賴以生存的神話就是建立在所有這些基礎(chǔ)之上的。但是美國(guó)是一個(gè)移民國(guó)家，其移民來(lái)自許多不同的國(guó)家。最近，有人強(qiáng)調(diào)，孤僻和自戀已經(jīng)成為美國(guó)人的性格特征，正是這種性格導(dǎo)致了幸福感的缺乏，因?yàn)樗柚沽宋覀冞_(dá)成共識(shí)，有了共識(shí)人們才不會(huì)再退縮到自我的小天地中。在這項(xiàng)關(guān)于自戀的研究中，克里斯托弗?拉什認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代人“受到自我意識(shí)的折磨，其解決辦法不是從個(gè)人煩惱中解脫出來(lái)，而是在生活中找到意義和目的，并找到一生追求的東西?！庇捎趪?guó)民士氣下降，人們普遍感到不安，我們也失去了早先對(duì)國(guó)家遠(yuǎn)景和目標(biāo)的認(rèn)識(shí)。

2.單選題

Thegloveswerereallytoosmall,anditwasonlyby（

）themthatIcangetthemon.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stretching

B.spreading

C.extending

D.squeezing

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)stretch“拉長(zhǎng)，撐大，伸展”，指由曲變直、由短變長(zhǎng)的伸展，不是加長(zhǎng)，側(cè)重“形狀的變化”.；B選項(xiàng)spread“伸開(kāi)”，指建筑，道路和時(shí)間等的延伸；C選項(xiàng)extend“延伸”，指在空間或時(shí)間上延伸，一般有一個(gè)大致的延伸方向；D選項(xiàng)squeeze“擠壓”。根據(jù)gloves（手套）可知此處表示手套太小了，只有把它們撐大才能戴上，因此選A。句意：手套真的太小了，只有把它們伸展開(kāi)來(lái)，我才能戴上。

3.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese

Deathisasubjectthatisevaded,ignored,anddeniedbyouryouth-worshiping,process-orient.edsociety.Itisalmostaswehavetakenondeathasjustanotherdiseasetobeconquered.Butthefactisthatdeathisinevitable.Wewillalldie;itisonlyamatteroftime.Deathisasmuchapartofhumanexistence,ofhumangrowthanddevelopment,asbeingborn.Itisoneofthefewthingsinlifewecancounton,thatwecanbeassuredwilloccur.Deathisnotanenemytobeconqueredoraprisontobeescaped.Itisanintegralpartofourlivesthatgivesmeaningtohumanexistence.Itsetsalimitonourtimeinthislife,urgingustodosomethingproductivewiththattimeaslongasitisourstouse.

【答案】在一個(gè)崇尚年輕和發(fā)展的進(jìn)步的社會(huì)里，死亡是一個(gè)被逃避、忽略和否認(rèn)的話題。就像我們把死亡當(dāng)作另一種需要征服的疾病一樣。但事實(shí)是死亡是不可避免的。我們都會(huì)死去，這只是時(shí)間問(wèn)題。死亡和出生一樣，是人類生存、成長(zhǎng)和發(fā)展的一部分。它是我們生活中可以確定將會(huì)發(fā)生的為數(shù)不多的幾件事之一。死亡不是要征服的敵人，也不是要逃跑的監(jiān)獄。它是我們生活中不可分割的一部分，賦予了人類生存的意義。

它限制了我們這一生的時(shí)間，敦促我們利用這段時(shí)間做一些富有成效的事情，只要它是我們可以使用的。

4.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

Physics,aswellaspuremathematics,hassuppliedmaterialforthephilosophyoflogicalanalysis.Thishasoccurredespeciallythroughthetheoryofrelativityandquantummechanics（量子力學(xué)）.Whatisimportanttothephilosopherinthetheoryofrelativityisthesubstitutionofspace-timeforspaceandtime.Commonsensethinksofthephysicalworldascomposedof“things”whichpersistthroughacertainperiodoftimeandmoveinspace.Philosophyandphysicsdevelopedthenotionof“thing”intothatof“materialsubstance,”andthoughtofmaterialsubstanceasconsistingofparticles,eachverysmall,andeachpersistingthroughoutalltime.Einsteinsubstitutedevents（事素）forparticles;eacheventhadtoeachotherarelationcalled“interval,”whichcouldbeanalyzedinvariouswaysintoatimeelementandaspace-element.Thechoicebetweenthesevariouswayswasarbitrary（任意的）,andnooneofthemwastheoreticallypreferabletoanyother.

【答案】物理學(xué)和純數(shù)學(xué)為邏輯分析哲學(xué)提供了材料。這一點(diǎn)尤其是通過(guò)相對(duì)論和量子力學(xué)體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。在相對(duì)論中，對(duì)哲學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)，重要的是用時(shí)空代替時(shí)間和空間。常識(shí)認(rèn)為物質(zhì)世界是由“東西”組成的，這些“東西”在一定時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)存在，并在空間中運(yùn)動(dòng)。哲學(xué)和物理學(xué)把“東西”的概念發(fā)展成“物質(zhì)實(shí)體”的概念，并把物質(zhì)實(shí)體看作是由粒子組成的，每個(gè)粒子都很小，而且每個(gè)粒子始終存在。愛(ài)因斯坦用事素代替粒子；每個(gè)事素與其他事素之間都有一種叫作“間隔”的關(guān)系，可以用不同的方式把這種關(guān)系分析成一個(gè)時(shí)間元素和一個(gè)空間元素。在這些不同的方法之間的選擇是任意的，理論上沒(méi)有哪一種方法比任何其他方法更可取。

5.單選題

Housewiveswhodonotgoouttoworkoftenfeeltheyarenotworkingtotheirfull（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.capacity

B.strength

C.length

D.possibility

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)capacity“容量，能力，才能”；B選項(xiàng)strength“力量，毅力”；C選項(xiàng)length“長(zhǎng)度，篇幅”；D選項(xiàng)possibility“可能，可能性”。worktoone'scapacity表示“充分發(fā)揮才能”。句意：沒(méi)有外出工作的家庭主婦們總感覺(jué)她們沒(méi)充分發(fā)揮自己的全部才能。

6.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

據(jù)財(cái)富、種族、教育、地域的不同，計(jì)算機(jī)的擁有程度和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的接入規(guī)模有很大差別。數(shù)據(jù)表明，計(jì)算機(jī)的擁有程度和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的接入規(guī)模在最富裕的、教育良好的，即擁有高中和大學(xué)文憑的富裕的白人和那些穩(wěn)定的雙親家庭中增長(zhǎng)更迅速。最高收入階層的家庭，即年收入高于75000美元的家庭訪問(wèn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的可能性是那些低收入階層，即年收入低于10000美元的家庭的20倍。高收入家庭使用計(jì)算機(jī)的比例高達(dá)76.56%，但與之相比，低收入家庭只有8%。

【答案】Accordingtothedifferencesinwealth,race,educationandregion,greatdistancehasexistedintheownershipofcomputerandInternetaccess.ThestatisticsshowthattheownershipofcomputerandInternetaccesshaveincreasedrapidlyinthemostaffluentandwell-educatedwhitepeoplewhousuallyownshigh-schoolanduniversitydiplomaandstabletwo-parentfamilies.ThepossibilityofusingInternetinthefamilieswiththehighestincome,morethan75,000dollars,istwentytimesasmuchasthatinthefamilieswithlowincome,lessthan10,000dollars.Therateofusingcomputerinhighincomefamilieshasreached76.56%,whiletherateinlowincomefamilieshasonly8%.

7.單選題

Generouspublicfundingofbasicsciencewould（

）considerablebenefitsforthecountry’shealth,wealthandsecurity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.resultfrom

B.settledown

C.liein

D.leadto

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)resultfrom“產(chǎn)生于……，由……引起”；B選項(xiàng)settledown“定居”；C選項(xiàng)liein“在于，位于”；D選項(xiàng)leadto“導(dǎo)致，把……帶到”。根據(jù)句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系可知選D，表示慷慨的公共資助會(huì)給國(guó)家?guī)?lái)好處。句意：對(duì)基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)慷慨的公共資助將為國(guó)家的健康、財(cái)富和安全帶來(lái)可觀的好處。

8.單選題

ThelawexistsineverycivilizedsocietysothatGovernments,therichandthepowerfulcannot（

）theirposition.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.abuse

B.eradicate

C.legalize

D.threaten

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)abuse“濫用，妄用（權(quán)力、所知所聞）”；B選項(xiàng)eradicate“根除，消滅”；C選項(xiàng)legalize“使合法化，使得到法律認(rèn)可”；D選項(xiàng)threaten“威脅，恐嚇”?？崭裉帪橹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其賓語(yǔ)為theirposition，因此A選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：法律存在于每一個(gè)文明社會(huì)，因此政府、富人和權(quán)貴不能濫用其職權(quán)。

9.單選題

Hesettheengineofthecar（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.going

B.go

C.togoing

D.ongoing

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。setsth.doing表示“使……開(kāi)始”；settodo表示“動(dòng)手干（認(rèn)真開(kāi)始干，爭(zhēng)論，拳賽，毆斗）”。此處表示使車的引擎發(fā)動(dòng)，因此選A。句意：他發(fā)動(dòng)了汽車的引擎。

10.單選題

Peoplewholiketowearredclothesaremorelikelytobetalkativeand（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vivacious

B.perilous

C.introverted

D.lucrative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vivacious“可愛(ài)的，活潑的”；B選項(xiàng)perilous“冒險(xiǎn)的，危險(xiǎn)的”；C選項(xiàng)introverted“內(nèi)向的，不喜歡交往的”；D選項(xiàng)lucrative“獲利多的，賺錢的”。由and可知空格處與talkative（健談的）表示的意思相同，因此選A。句意：喜歡穿紅衣服的人更有可能健談、活潑。

11.單選題

Incourt,theaccusedmanclaimedthathewasinnocent,sayingthathehadbeen（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.betrayed

B.deceived

C.framed

D.defrauded

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)betray“背叛，出賣，泄露”；B選項(xiàng)deceive“欺詐，欺騙”；C選項(xiàng)frame“誣陷，陷害，擬定”；D選項(xiàng)defraud“騙取，詐?。ā腻X財(cái)）”。由theaccusedmanclaimedthathewasinnocent（被告聲稱他是無(wú)辜的）可知C選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：在法庭上，被告聲稱他是無(wú)辜的，說(shuō)他是被陷害的。

12.單選題

BenjaminFranklin,tactlessinhisyouth,becamesodiplomatic,so（

）athandlingpeoplethathewasmadeAmericanAmbassadortoFrance.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.shrewd

B.foxy

C.considerate

D.adroit

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)shrewd“精明的，敏銳的”，指有頭腦，善于判斷分析，精明過(guò)人；B選項(xiàng)foxy“狡猾的”；C選項(xiàng)considerate“考慮周到的，體貼的”；D選項(xiàng)adroit“（尤指待人接物）精明的，干練的，機(jī)敏的”。根據(jù)空格處前后句意，可知空格處與tactless（得罪人的，不圓通的）表示的意思相反，因此選D。句意：本杰明?富蘭克林，年輕時(shí)并不圓滑，后來(lái)變得很有外交手腕，善于與人打交道，因此被任命為美國(guó)駐法國(guó)大使。

13.單選題

Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.

Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsomepeopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter—orworse—partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn’tbebadeither,butthatwon’thappenunlessanunknownrelativediessuddenlyinsomedistantland,leavingmemillionsofdollars.

Wheredidwegooffthetrack?Whendideatingbutterbecomeasin,andalittlebitofextrafleshunappealing,ifnotrepellent?AllreligionshavecertaindayswhenpeoplerefrainfromeatingandexcessiveeatingisoneofChristianity'ssevendeadlysins.However,untilquiterecently,mostpeoplehadaproblemgettingenoughtoeat.Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.

Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.Theresultisthatbeingfat—orevenonlysomewhatoverweight—isbadbecauseitimpliesalackofmoralstrength.

Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.Itistruethatinthiscountrywehavemoreoverweightpeoplethaneverbefore,andthat,inmanycases,beingover-weightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,manyhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem—toomuchfatandalackoffiber—thanaweightproblem.

Therealconcern,then,isnotthatweweightoomuch,butthatweneitherexerciseenoughnoreatwell.Exerciseisnecessaryforstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffatcanalsohelpthebodyavoidmanydiseases.Weshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiontoweight.Simplybeingthinisnotenough.Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.

1.Intheeyesoftheauthor,anoddphenomenonnowadaysisthat（

）.

2.Sweptbytheprevailingtrend,theauthor

（

）.

3.Inhumanhistory,people’sviewsonbodyweight

（

）.

4.Theauthorcriticizeswomen’sobsessionwiththinness

（

）.

5.What’stheauthor’sadvicetowomenwhoareabsorbedintheideaofthinness?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theDuchessofWindsorisregardedasawomanofvirtue

B.lookingslimisasymbolofhavingalargefortune

C.beingthinisviewedasamuchdesiredquality

D.religiouspeoplearenotnecessarilyvirtuous

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.hadtogoonadietforthegreaterpartofherlife

B.couldstillpreventherselffromgoingoffthetrack

C.hadtoseekhelpfromrichdistantrelatives

D.hadtowearhighlyfashionableclothes

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.werecloselyrelatedtotheirreligiousbeliefs

B.changedfromtimetotime

C.variedbetweenthepoorandtherich

D.ledtodifferentmoralstandards

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.fromaneconomicandeducationalperspective

B.fromsociologicalandmedicalpointsofview

C.fromahistoricalandreligiousstandpoint

D.inthelightofmoralprinciples

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theyshouldbemoreconcernedwiththeiroveralllifestyle.

B.Theyshouldbemorewatchfulforfataldiseases.

C.Theyshouldgainweighttolookhealthy.

D.Theyshouldridthemselvesoffantasiesaboutdesignerclothes.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.（這句常被認(rèn)為是溫莎公爵夫人的名言，體現(xiàn)了我們這個(gè)時(shí)代許多古怪的精神，瘦被認(rèn)為是一種美德）可知C選項(xiàng)“瘦被認(rèn)為是一種非常理想的品質(zhì)”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter—orworse—partofmylife.（我自己也幻想著穿上狹窄的名牌衣服。因此，為了我的生活中更好的或更差的一方面，我也節(jié)食）可知A選項(xiàng)“為了生活中更好的部分不得不節(jié)食”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的可知在溫莎伯爵夫人的那個(gè)時(shí)代是以瘦為美；由第三段中的最后一句可知，在某些宗教團(tuán)體中，以胖為財(cái)富；由第四段中的第一二句可知，如今人們又以瘦為美。因此人們?cè)诓煌哪甏?，?duì)體重的看法不同，因此選B。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第五段中的Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.（我們對(duì)瘦的癡迷也源于對(duì)健康的擔(dān)憂）中的also可知這是從醫(yī)學(xué)角度上來(lái)講的，另一角度是前面第四段提到的當(dāng)今社會(huì)以瘦為美，這是從社會(huì)角度來(lái)講的，因此B選項(xiàng)“從社會(huì)學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)的角度”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.（實(shí)際上，如果那些變瘦（或已經(jīng)變瘦）的人認(rèn)為自己天生健康，因而不必關(guān)注自己的整體生活方式，這是很危險(xiǎn)的）可知A選項(xiàng)“他們應(yīng)該更加關(guān)注他們的整體生活方式”符合題意。

14.單選題

Professionalarchivistsandlibrarianshavetheresourcestoduplicatematerialsinotherformatsandtheexpertisetoretrievematerialstrappedin（

）computers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.abstract

B.obsolete

C.obstinate

D.obese

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)abstract“抽象的，理論上的”；B選項(xiàng)obsolete“淘汰的，廢棄的，過(guò)時(shí)的”；C選項(xiàng)obstinate“固執(zhí)的，頑固的，棘手的”；D選項(xiàng)obese“臃腫的，虛胖的，病態(tài)肥胖的”。原句表示“專業(yè)檔案管理員和圖書(shū)管理員有方法以其它格式復(fù)制資料，并有專門技能挽回困在_____計(jì)算機(jī)中的資料”，因此B選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：專業(yè)檔案管理員和圖書(shū)管理員有方法以其它格式復(fù)制資料，并有專門技能挽回困在廢棄計(jì)算機(jī)中的資料。

15.單選題

Growth,reproduction,anddailymetabolismallrequireanorganismtoexpendenergy.Theexpenditureofenergyisessentiallyaprocessofbudgeting,justasfinancesarebudgeted.Ifallofone’smoneyisspentonclothes,theremaybenonelefttobuyfoodorgotothemovies.Similarly,aplantoranimalcannotsquanderallitsenergyongrowingabigbodyifnonewouldbeleftoverforreproduction,forthisisthesurestwaytoextinction.

Allorganisms,therefore,allocateenergytogrowth,reproduction,maintenance,andstorage.Nochoiceisinvolved;thisallocationcomesaspartofthegeneticpackagefromtheparents.Maintenanceforagivenbodydesignofanorganismisrelativelyconstant.Storageisimportant,butultimatelythatenergywillbeusedformaintenance,reproduction,orgrowth.Thereforetheprincipaldifferencesinenergyallocationarelikelytobebetweengrowthandreproduction.

Almostallofanorganism’senergycanbedivertedtoreproduction,withverylittleallocatedtobuildingthebody.Organismsatthisextremeare“opportunists.”Attheotherextremeare“competitors,”almostallofwhoseresourcesareinvestedinbuildingahugebody,withabareminimumallocatedtoreproduction.

Dandelionsaregoodexamplesofopportunists.Theirseedheadsraisedjusthighenoughabovethegroundtocatchthewind,theplantsarenobiggerthantheyneedbe,theirstemsarehollow,andalltherigiditycomesfromtheirwatercontent.Thus,aminimuminvestmenthasbeenmadeinthebodythatbecomesaplatformforseeddispersal.Theseveryshort-livedplantsreproduceprolifically;thatistosaytheyprovideaconstantrainofseedintheneighborhoodofparentplants.Anewplantwillspringupwhereveraseedfallsonasuitablesoilsurface,butbecausetheydonotbuildbigbodies,theycannotcompetewithotherplantsforspace,water,orsunlight.Theseplantsaretermedopportunistsbecausetheyrelyontheirseeds’fallingintosettingswherecompetingplantshavebeenremovedbynaturalprocesses,suchasalonganerodingriverbank,onlandslips,orwhereatreefallsandcreatesagapintheforestcanopy.

Opportunistsmustconstantlyinvadenewareastocompensateforbeingdisplacedbymorecompetitivespecies.Humanlandscapesoflawns,fields,orflowerbedsprovidesettingswithbaresoilandalackofcompetitorsthatareperfecthabitatsforcolonizationbyopportunists.Hence,manyofthestronglyopportunisticplantsarethecommonweedsoffieldsandgardens.

Becauseeachindividualisshort-lived,thepopulationofanopportunistspeciesislikelytobeadverselyaffectedbydrought,badwinters,orfloods.Iftheirpopulationistrackedthroughtime,itwillbeseentobeparticularlyunstable―soaringandplummetinginirregularcycles.

Theoppositeofanopportunistisacompetitor.Theseorganismstendtohavebigbodies,arelong-lived,andspendrelativelylittleefforteachyearonreproduction.Anoaktreeisagoodexampleofacompetitor.Amassiveoakclaimsitsgroundfor200yearsormore,outcompetingallotherwould-becanopytreesbycastingadenseshadeanddrawingupanyfreewaterinthesoil.Theleavesofanoaktreetastefoulbecausetheyarerichintannins,achemicalthatrendersthemdistastefulorindigestibletomanyorganisms.Thetanninsarepartofthedefensemechanismthatisessentialtolongevity.Althoughoaksproducethousandsofacorns,theinvestmentinacropofacornsissmallcomparedwiththeenergyspentonbuildingleaves,trunk,androots.Onceanoaktreebecomesestablished,itislikelytosurviveminorcyclesofdroughtandevenfire.Apopulationofoaksislikelytoberelativelystablethroughtime,anditssurvivalislikelytodependmoreonitsabilitytowithstandthepressuresofcompetitionorpredationthanonitsabilitytotakeadvantageofchanceevents.Itshouldbenoted,however,thatthepureopportunistorpurecompetitorisrareinnature,asmostspeciesfallbetweentheextremesofacontinuum,exhibitingablendofsomeopportunisticandsomecompetitivecharacteristics.

1.Inparagraph1,theauthorexplainstheconceptofenergyexpenditureby

（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theclassificationoforganismsas“opportunists”or“competitors”isdeterminedby（

）.

3.Allofthefollowingarementionedinparagraph7ascontributingtothelongevityofanoaktreeEXCEPT

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,oaktreesareconsideredcompetitorsbecause

（

）.

5.Inparagraph7,theauthorsuggeststhatmostspeciesoforganisms（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.identifyingtypesoforganismsthatbecameextinct

B.comparingthescientificconcepttoafamiliarhumanexperience

C.arguingthatmostorganismsconserveratherthanexpendenergy

D.describingtheprocessesofgrowth,reproduction,andmetabolism

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.howthegeneticinformationofanorganismisstoredandmaintained

B.thewayinwhichtheorganisminvestsitsenergyresources

C.whethertheclimateinwhichtheorganismlivesismildorextreme

D.thevarietyofnaturalresourcestheorganismconsumesinitsenvironment

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thecapacitytocreateshade

B.leavescontainingtannin

C.theabilitytowithstandmilddroughtsandfire

D.thelargenumberofacornsthetreeproduces

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theygrowinareasfreeofopportunists

B.theyspendmoreenergyontheirleaves,trunksandrootsthanontheiracorns

C.theirpopulationtendstoincreaseordecreaseinirregularcycles

D.unlikeotherorganisms,theydonotneedmuchwaterorsunlight

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.areprimarilyopportunists

B.areprimarilycompetitors

C.beginasopportunistsandevolveintocompetitors

D.havesomecharacteristicsofopportunistsandsomeofcompetitors

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Theexpenditureofenergyisessentiallyaprocessofbudgeting,justasfinancesarebudgeted.（能量支出本質(zhì)上是一個(gè)預(yù)算過(guò)程，就像財(cái)政預(yù)算一樣）可知B選項(xiàng)“將科學(xué)概念與人類熟悉的經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行比較”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Almostallofanorganism’senergycanbedivertedtoreproduction,withverylittleallocatedtobuildingthebody.Organismsatthisextremeare“opportunists.”Attheotherextremeare“competitors,”（幾乎所有的生物體能量都可以被轉(zhuǎn)移到繁殖上，而很少被分配到身體生長(zhǎng)上。在這個(gè)極端的生物體是“機(jī)會(huì)主義者”，在另一個(gè)極端的生物體是“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者”）可知B選項(xiàng)“生物體投資能量的方式”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Althoughoaksproducethousandsofacorns,theinvestmentinacropofacornsissmallcomparedwiththeenergyspentonbuildingleaves,trunk,androots.（雖然橡樹(shù)能產(chǎn)出數(shù)千顆橡子，但與建造樹(shù)葉、樹(shù)干和樹(shù)根的能源相比，對(duì)橡子作物的投資很?。跋鹱印睂儆谙饦?shù)的繁殖方式，不屬于橡樹(shù)生命長(zhǎng)的原因，因此D選項(xiàng)“橡樹(shù)產(chǎn)生大量的橡子”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Attheotherextremeare“competitors,”almostallofwhoseresourcesareinvestedinbuildingahugebody,withabareminimumallocatedtoreproduction.（另一個(gè)極端是“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手”，它們幾乎把所有的資源都投資到建設(shè)一個(gè)巨大的身體上，只有很少的一部分用于繁殖）可知B選項(xiàng)“它們花在葉、干和根上的精力比花在橡子上的精力多”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的asmostspeciesfallbetweentheextremesofacontinuum,exhibitingablendofsomeopportunisticandsomecompetitivecharacteristics（當(dāng)大多數(shù)物種處于這兩個(gè)極端組成的區(qū)域中，表現(xiàn)出一些機(jī)會(huì)主義和一些競(jìng)爭(zhēng)特征的混合）可知D選項(xiàng)“具有機(jī)會(huì)主義者和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的一些特點(diǎn)”符合題意。

16.單選題

Ifwedon’tstopflirtingwiththosedeathlynuclearweapons,thewholeglobewillbe（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contaminated

B.polluted

C.annihilated

D.invaded

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)contaminate“污染，玷污，腐蝕（人的思想或品德）”；B選項(xiàng)pollute“污染，弄臟”；C選項(xiàng)annihilate“消滅，毀滅，徹底擊敗”；D選項(xiàng)invade“侵入，侵略”。flirtwith表示“調(diào)戲，玩弄，不認(rèn)真地考慮”，deathlynuclearweapons表示“致命核武器”，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知C選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：如果我們不停止玩弄那些致命的核武器，整個(gè)世界將被毀滅。

17.單選題

（

）,Imustdoanotherexperiment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Beiteversolate

B.Itiseversolate

C.Itbeeversolate

D.Solateitbeever

【答案】A

【解析】考查狀語(yǔ)從句的倒裝。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)及句意，可推測(cè)空格指“盡管很晚了，但我必須再做一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)”，Beiteversolate是由Thoughit(may)beeversolate而來(lái)，省略了though再將be移至主語(yǔ)it之前而來(lái)。句意：盡管很晚了，但我必須再做一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。

18.單選題

Asthegreatlowebbofhightechsweepsthroughtheworldofonlinecommerce,twokindsofsitesareweatheringthestorm.Thefirstgroupisoftenreferredtoas“clicksandmortar”——onlineextensionsofstoreslikeWalmartorSears.Theytakeanexisting,traditionalbusinessandextenditintotheonlinearena.ThesecondgroupprovidesauniqueservicemadepossiblebytheInternet’sspecialcharacteristics.Jobsitesandonlineauctioneere-BayarebothgoodexamplesofthenewbreedofbusinessthattheInternetcontinuestofoster.

Cisoneofthelattergroup.It’sawebsitethatprovidesuserswithonlinestoreswheretheycansellshirts,mugs,andmousepadscustomizedwiththeirownlogosand/orslogans.Byitself,thisisafairlyusefulservice,andanexampleofhowtheInternethaschangedtheartofmarketingandcustomerservice.

C,however,isratherremarkableforanotherreason.Customersdon’tneedtoprintlargelotsofitems.Theydon’tneedtoworryaboutshippingthegoodstotheircustomers.Andtheydon’tneedtotalktoanotherhumanbeingtogettheirstore“built”inthefirstplace.Thesiteletsyouuploadanimageandchoosewhatsortofitemyou’dlikeittoappearon.Youcanthenchoosehowmuchtomarktheitemup—thedifferencebetweentheitem’sbasecostandyourmark-uppriceisyourprofit.

Basepricesarehigh,butunderstandablewhenyouconsiderwhatdoesfortheinitialinvestment.An11-ouncemugstartsat$10.99.Forthat,printsthemugonapiece-by-piecebasis,providestheorderingsoftware,handlesthemoney,packsit,andshipsitforyou.Themug’spurchaserpaysshippingandhandlingcosts;thestoreowner’seffortislimitedtouploadingtheoriginalimageforthemug,settingthecost,andwritingabriefdescriptionoftheitem.

Itseemstobecatchingon.“Moreandmorecompaniescometous,whowanttodosomekindofmerchandising,whowanttoofferarangeofproductstotheirusers,butdon’twantthehassles（麻煩事）associatedwithit,”saysMaheeshJain,cafepress.corn’sco-founderandvice-president.“That’swherewecomein—we'reoneofthefewcompaniesthatofferthiskindoffull-servicesolution.”

Butthemostexcitingaspectofisnotitsabilitytohelpmajorcorporationsoutsource（外包）andcustomizetheirmerchandisingefforts.What’sremarkableaboutthesystemishowsimpleitistoopenastore.Anaverageindividualwithanideathatcouldsell50T-shirtsormugscan’tjustifyatraditionalmerchandisingeffort,butwith,userscaneasilybringideastofruition（完成）withverylittletimeandnofinancialrisk.Moreover,thequalityofthemerchandiseisgood;I’veorderedamugandashirtfrom,andbothwereshippedrelativelypromptly,andarrivedexactlyaspromised.Cisanideathat’seasytogetexcitedabout.It’sasmall—buttangibleexampleofhowtheInternetcanchangethewaywelive.

1.Theexpression“weatheringthestorm”inthefirstsentencemeans（

）.

2.Thefirstkindofsitediffersfromthesecondkindofsiteinthat

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingaboutCisNOTtrue?

4.WhatkindofcustomersneedCmostaccordingtoitsvice-president?

5.WhatisthemostoutstandingaboutCaccordingtotheauthor?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.survivingacrisis

B.comingintobeing

C.strugglinginthestorm

D.beingdominatedbyastormyhightechwave

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thefirstkindsellscommoditieswhilethesecondoffersservice

B.thefirstkindextendsitemssoldbeyondthetraditionalcategories

C.thesecondkindisrisingwhilethefirstkindisdecliningintheworldofonlinecommerce

D.thesecondkindoffersuntraditionaljobstopeopleexperiencedillauctioning

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itscustomersarethosewhowanttosellthingsratherthanbuythings.

B.It,alongwithsimilarsites,haschangedthetraditionalwayofmarketing.

C.Itkeepsitsprofittoaminimuminordertoattractonlinecustomers.

D.Itsusersdon'thavetotransacttheitemstobesoldface-to-facewiththeircustomers.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thosewhosellagreatvarietyofitems.

B.Thosewhosellunconventionalcommodities.

C.Thosewhowanttoavoidthetroubleofnegotiatingwithclients.

D.Thosewhohaveproblemkeepingtheircommoditiesmoving.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thehelpitoffersmajorcompaniesinmarketingtheircommodities.

B.Theconveniencesitgivestocompaniesinsellingtheircommodities.

C.Thehighqualityofthemerchandiseitofferstocustomers.

D.Thespeedandsecurityitoffersuserstoputtheirideasintopractice.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.詞義題?！皐eatherthestorm”中的thestorm是指前面的“thegreatlowebbofhightech（高科技的低谷）”，由文章第一段中的最后一句Jobsitesandonlineauctioneere-BayarebothgoodexamplesofthenewbreedofbusinessthattheInternetcontinuestofoster.（Jobsites和onlineauctioneere-Bay都是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)繼續(xù)培育的商務(wù)新品種的好例子）可推測(cè)“twokindsofsites（兩類網(wǎng)站）”經(jīng)受住了這次高科技的低谷，并生存了下來(lái)，因此A選項(xiàng)“危機(jī)中生存”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞thefirskindofsite和thesendkindofsite定位到文章第一段中，由第一段第二三四句Thefirstgroupisoftenreferredtoas“clicksandmortar”—onlineextensionsofstoreslikeWalmartorSears.Theytakeanexisting,traditionalbusinessandextenditintotheonlinearena.ThesecondgroupprovidesauniqueservicemadepossiblebytheInternet'sspecialcharacteristics.（第一種通常被稱為“實(shí)體與虛擬結(jié)合的商店”——Walmart或Sears等商店的在線擴(kuò)展。他們將現(xiàn)有的傳統(tǒng)業(yè)務(wù)擴(kuò)展到在線領(lǐng)域。第二種提供了一種獨(dú)特的服務(wù)，這是由于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的特殊性而得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的）可知第一種賣產(chǎn)品，而第二種賣服務(wù)，因此A選項(xiàng)“第一種是銷售商品，第二種是提供服務(wù)”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段第一句Basepricesarehigh,butunderstandablewhenyouconsiderwhatdoesfortheinitialinvestment.（基礎(chǔ)價(jià)格很高這是可以理解的，考慮到CafeP為初始投資所做的工作）可知C選項(xiàng)“為了吸引在線客戶，它將利潤(rùn)降到最低”表示不正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞vice-president定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段中，由Moreandmorecompaniescometous,whowanttodosomekindofmerchandising,whowanttoofferarangeofproductstotheirusers,butdon’twantthehasslesassociatedwithit（越來(lái)越多的公司來(lái)找我們，他們想做某種商品銷售，他們想向他們的用戶提供一系列的產(chǎn)品，但他們不想做與之相關(guān)的麻煩事）可知C選項(xiàng)“那些想避免與客戶談判的麻煩的人”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞themostoutstandingaboutC定位到文章最后一段中，由What’sremarkableaboutthesystemishowsimpleitistoopenastore（這個(gè)系統(tǒng)值得注意的是，開(kāi)一家商店是多么簡(jiǎn)單）和butwith,userscaneasilybringideastofruitionwithverylittletimeandnofinancialrisk（但是，使用，用戶可以輕松地將想法在短時(shí)間內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)，而且沒(méi)有財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）可知D選項(xiàng)“它為用戶提供了快速將他們的想法付諸實(shí)踐的安全性”符合題意。

19.單選題

Theoldcoupledecidedto（

）aboyandagirlthoughtheyhadthreechildrenoftheirown.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adapt

B.bring

C.receive

D.adopt

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)adapt“使適合（新用途、新情況），適應(yīng)（新情況）”；B選項(xiàng)bring“帶來(lái)，引起，導(dǎo)致”；C選項(xiàng)receive“拿到，接到，受到”；D選項(xiàng)adopt“收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)，采用”。此處表示這對(duì)老夫婦決定領(lǐng)養(yǎng)一男一女，因此選D。句意：這對(duì)老夫婦決定收養(yǎng)一男一女，盡管他們自己有三個(gè)孩子。

20.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

當(dāng)我們談及智力，我們不是指在某種考試中取得高分