2022年考研考博-考博英語-昆明理工大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號16

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-昆明理工大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據實際調整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

Mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistory,alanguagealltheirown,acommonreligion,orcommonancestry.Themythsbywhichtheylivearebasedonallofthese.ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants,comingfromagreatvarietyofnations.Lately,ithasbeenemphasizedthatanasocialnarcissisticpersonalityhasbecomecharacteristicofAmericans,andthatitisthistypeofpersonalitythatmakesforthelackofwell-being,becauseitpreventsusfromachievingconsensusthatwouldcounteractatendencytowithdrawintoprivateworlds.Inthisstudyofnarcissism,ChristopherLashsaysthatmodernman,“torturedbyself-consciousness,turnstonewtherapiesnottofreehimselfofhispersonalworriesbuttofindmeaningandpurposeinlife,tofindsomethingtolivefor.”Thereiswidespreaddistressbecausenationalmoralehasdeclined,andwehavelostanearliersenseofnationalvisionandpurpose.

【答案】大多數社會的共識來自于悠久的歷史、一種完全屬于自己的語言、一個共同的宗教或共同的祖先。他們賴以生存的神話就是建立在所有這些基礎之上的。但是美國是一個移民國家，其移民來自許多不同的國家。最近，有人強調，孤僻和自戀已經成為美國人的性格特征，正是這種性格導致了幸福感的缺乏，因為它阻止了我們達成共識，有了共識人們才不會再退縮到自我的小天地中。在這項關于自戀的研究中，克里斯托弗?拉什認為現代人“受到自我意識的折磨，其解決辦法不是從個人煩惱中解脫出來，而是在生活中找到意義和目的，并找到一生追求的東西。”由于國民士氣下降，人們普遍感到不安，我們也失去了早先對國家遠景和目標的認識。

2.單選題

Thegloveswerereallytoosmall,anditwasonlyby（

）themthatIcangetthemon.

問題1選項

A.stretching

B.spreading

C.extending

D.squeezing

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項stretch“拉長，撐大，伸展”，指由曲變直、由短變長的伸展，不是加長，側重“形狀的變化”.；B選項spread“伸開”，指建筑，道路和時間等的延伸；C選項extend“延伸”，指在空間或時間上延伸，一般有一個大致的延伸方向；D選項squeeze“擠壓”。根據gloves（手套）可知此處表示手套太小了，只有把它們撐大才能戴上，因此選A。句意：手套真的太小了，只有把它們伸展開來，我才能戴上。

3.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese

Deathisasubjectthatisevaded,ignored,anddeniedbyouryouth-worshiping,process-orient.edsociety.Itisalmostaswehavetakenondeathasjustanotherdiseasetobeconquered.Butthefactisthatdeathisinevitable.Wewillalldie;itisonlyamatteroftime.Deathisasmuchapartofhumanexistence,ofhumangrowthanddevelopment,asbeingborn.Itisoneofthefewthingsinlifewecancounton,thatwecanbeassuredwilloccur.Deathisnotanenemytobeconqueredoraprisontobeescaped.Itisanintegralpartofourlivesthatgivesmeaningtohumanexistence.Itsetsalimitonourtimeinthislife,urgingustodosomethingproductivewiththattimeaslongasitisourstouse.

【答案】在一個崇尚年輕和發(fā)展的進步的社會里，死亡是一個被逃避、忽略和否認的話題。就像我們把死亡當作另一種需要征服的疾病一樣。但事實是死亡是不可避免的。我們都會死去，這只是時間問題。死亡和出生一樣，是人類生存、成長和發(fā)展的一部分。它是我們生活中可以確定將會發(fā)生的為數不多的幾件事之一。死亡不是要征服的敵人，也不是要逃跑的監(jiān)獄。它是我們生活中不可分割的一部分，賦予了人類生存的意義。

它限制了我們這一生的時間，敦促我們利用這段時間做一些富有成效的事情，只要它是我們可以使用的。

4.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

Physics,aswellaspuremathematics,hassuppliedmaterialforthephilosophyoflogicalanalysis.Thishasoccurredespeciallythroughthetheoryofrelativityandquantummechanics（量子力學）.Whatisimportanttothephilosopherinthetheoryofrelativityisthesubstitutionofspace-timeforspaceandtime.Commonsensethinksofthephysicalworldascomposedof“things”whichpersistthroughacertainperiodoftimeandmoveinspace.Philosophyandphysicsdevelopedthenotionof“thing”intothatof“materialsubstance,”andthoughtofmaterialsubstanceasconsistingofparticles,eachverysmall,andeachpersistingthroughoutalltime.Einsteinsubstitutedevents（事素）forparticles;eacheventhadtoeachotherarelationcalled“interval,”whichcouldbeanalyzedinvariouswaysintoatimeelementandaspace-element.Thechoicebetweenthesevariouswayswasarbitrary（任意的）,andnooneofthemwastheoreticallypreferabletoanyother.

【答案】物理學和純數學為邏輯分析哲學提供了材料。這一點尤其是通過相對論和量子力學體現出來。在相對論中，對哲學家來說，重要的是用時空代替時間和空間。常識認為物質世界是由“東西”組成的，這些“東西”在一定時間內持續(xù)存在，并在空間中運動。哲學和物理學把“東西”的概念發(fā)展成“物質實體”的概念，并把物質實體看作是由粒子組成的，每個粒子都很小，而且每個粒子始終存在。愛因斯坦用事素代替粒子；每個事素與其他事素之間都有一種叫作“間隔”的關系，可以用不同的方式把這種關系分析成一個時間元素和一個空間元素。在這些不同的方法之間的選擇是任意的，理論上沒有哪一種方法比任何其他方法更可取。

5.單選題

Housewiveswhodonotgoouttoworkoftenfeeltheyarenotworkingtotheirfull（

）.

問題1選項

A.capacity

B.strength

C.length

D.possibility

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項capacity“容量，能力，才能”；B選項strength“力量，毅力”；C選項length“長度，篇幅”；D選項possibility“可能，可能性”。worktoone'scapacity表示“充分發(fā)揮才能”。句意：沒有外出工作的家庭主婦們總感覺她們沒充分發(fā)揮自己的全部才能。

6.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

據財富、種族、教育、地域的不同，計算機的擁有程度和互聯網的接入規(guī)模有很大差別。數據表明，計算機的擁有程度和互聯網的接入規(guī)模在最富裕的、教育良好的，即擁有高中和大學文憑的富裕的白人和那些穩(wěn)定的雙親家庭中增長更迅速。最高收入階層的家庭，即年收入高于75000美元的家庭訪問互聯網的可能性是那些低收入階層，即年收入低于10000美元的家庭的20倍。高收入家庭使用計算機的比例高達76.56%，但與之相比，低收入家庭只有8%。

【答案】Accordingtothedifferencesinwealth,race,educationandregion,greatdistancehasexistedintheownershipofcomputerandInternetaccess.ThestatisticsshowthattheownershipofcomputerandInternetaccesshaveincreasedrapidlyinthemostaffluentandwell-educatedwhitepeoplewhousuallyownshigh-schoolanduniversitydiplomaandstabletwo-parentfamilies.ThepossibilityofusingInternetinthefamilieswiththehighestincome,morethan75,000dollars,istwentytimesasmuchasthatinthefamilieswithlowincome,lessthan10,000dollars.Therateofusingcomputerinhighincomefamilieshasreached76.56%,whiletherateinlowincomefamilieshasonly8%.

7.單選題

Generouspublicfundingofbasicsciencewould（

）considerablebenefitsforthecountry’shealth,wealthandsecurity.

問題1選項

A.resultfrom

B.settledown

C.liein

D.leadto

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項resultfrom“產生于……，由……引起”；B選項settledown“定居”；C選項liein“在于，位于”；D選項leadto“導致，把……帶到”。根據句子之間的邏輯關系可知選D，表示慷慨的公共資助會給國家?guī)砗锰?。句意：對基礎科學慷慨的公共資助將為國家的健康、財富和安全帶來可觀的好處。

8.單選題

ThelawexistsineverycivilizedsocietysothatGovernments,therichandthepowerfulcannot（

）theirposition.

問題1選項

A.abuse

B.eradicate

C.legalize

D.threaten

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項abuse“濫用，妄用（權力、所知所聞）”；B選項eradicate“根除，消滅”；C選項legalize“使合法化，使得到法律認可”；D選項threaten“威脅，恐嚇”。空格處為謂語動詞，其賓語為theirposition，因此A選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：法律存在于每一個文明社會，因此政府、富人和權貴不能濫用其職權。

9.單選題

Hesettheengineofthecar（

）.

問題1選項

A.going

B.go

C.togoing

D.ongoing

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。setsth.doing表示“使……開始”；settodo表示“動手干（認真開始干，爭論，拳賽，毆斗）”。此處表示使車的引擎發(fā)動，因此選A。句意：他發(fā)動了汽車的引擎。

10.單選題

Peoplewholiketowearredclothesaremorelikelytobetalkativeand（

）.

問題1選項

A.vivacious

B.perilous

C.introverted

D.lucrative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項vivacious“可愛的，活潑的”；B選項perilous“冒險的，危險的”；C選項introverted“內向的，不喜歡交往的”；D選項lucrative“獲利多的，賺錢的”。由and可知空格處與talkative（健談的）表示的意思相同，因此選A。句意：喜歡穿紅衣服的人更有可能健談、活潑。

11.單選題

Incourt,theaccusedmanclaimedthathewasinnocent,sayingthathehadbeen（

）.

問題1選項

A.betrayed

B.deceived

C.framed

D.defrauded

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項betray“背叛，出賣，泄露”；B選項deceive“欺詐，欺騙”；C選項frame“誣陷，陷害，擬定”；D選項defraud“騙取，詐取（……的錢財）”。由theaccusedmanclaimedthathewasinnocent（被告聲稱他是無辜的）可知C選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：在法庭上，被告聲稱他是無辜的，說他是被陷害的。

12.單選題

BenjaminFranklin,tactlessinhisyouth,becamesodiplomatic,so（

）athandlingpeoplethathewasmadeAmericanAmbassadortoFrance.

問題1選項

A.shrewd

B.foxy

C.considerate

D.adroit

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項shrewd“精明的，敏銳的”，指有頭腦，善于判斷分析，精明過人；B選項foxy“狡猾的”；C選項considerate“考慮周到的，體貼的”；D選項adroit“（尤指待人接物）精明的，干練的，機敏的”。根據空格處前后句意，可知空格處與tactless（得罪人的，不圓通的）表示的意思相反，因此選D。句意：本杰明?富蘭克林，年輕時并不圓滑，后來變得很有外交手腕，善于與人打交道，因此被任命為美國駐法國大使。

13.單選題

Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.

Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsomepeopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter—orworse—partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn’tbebadeither,butthatwon’thappenunlessanunknownrelativediessuddenlyinsomedistantland,leavingmemillionsofdollars.

Wheredidwegooffthetrack?Whendideatingbutterbecomeasin,andalittlebitofextrafleshunappealing,ifnotrepellent?AllreligionshavecertaindayswhenpeoplerefrainfromeatingandexcessiveeatingisoneofChristianity'ssevendeadlysins.However,untilquiterecently,mostpeoplehadaproblemgettingenoughtoeat.Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.

Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.Theresultisthatbeingfat—orevenonlysomewhatoverweight—isbadbecauseitimpliesalackofmoralstrength.

Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.Itistruethatinthiscountrywehavemoreoverweightpeoplethaneverbefore,andthat,inmanycases,beingover-weightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,manyhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem—toomuchfatandalackoffiber—thanaweightproblem.

Therealconcern,then,isnotthatweweightoomuch,butthatweneitherexerciseenoughnoreatwell.Exerciseisnecessaryforstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffatcanalsohelpthebodyavoidmanydiseases.Weshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiontoweight.Simplybeingthinisnotenough.Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.

1.Intheeyesoftheauthor,anoddphenomenonnowadaysisthat（

）.

2.Sweptbytheprevailingtrend,theauthor

（

）.

3.Inhumanhistory,people’sviewsonbodyweight

（

）.

4.Theauthorcriticizeswomen’sobsessionwiththinness

（

）.

5.What’stheauthor’sadvicetowomenwhoareabsorbedintheideaofthinness?

問題1選項

A.theDuchessofWindsorisregardedasawomanofvirtue

B.lookingslimisasymbolofhavingalargefortune

C.beingthinisviewedasamuchdesiredquality

D.religiouspeoplearenotnecessarilyvirtuous

問題2選項

A.hadtogoonadietforthegreaterpartofherlife

B.couldstillpreventherselffromgoingoffthetrack

C.hadtoseekhelpfromrichdistantrelatives

D.hadtowearhighlyfashionableclothes

問題3選項

A.werecloselyrelatedtotheirreligiousbeliefs

B.changedfromtimetotime

C.variedbetweenthepoorandtherich

D.ledtodifferentmoralstandards

問題4選項

A.fromaneconomicandeducationalperspective

B.fromsociologicalandmedicalpointsofview

C.fromahistoricalandreligiousstandpoint

D.inthelightofmoralprinciples

問題5選項

A.Theyshouldbemoreconcernedwiththeiroveralllifestyle.

B.Theyshouldbemorewatchfulforfataldiseases.

C.Theyshouldgainweighttolookhealthy.

D.Theyshouldridthemselvesoffantasiesaboutdesignerclothes.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.（這句常被認為是溫莎公爵夫人的名言，體現了我們這個時代許多古怪的精神，瘦被認為是一種美德）可知C選項“瘦被認為是一種非常理想的品質”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter—orworse—partofmylife.（我自己也幻想著穿上狹窄的名牌衣服。因此，為了我的生活中更好的或更差的一方面，我也節(jié)食）可知A選項“為了生活中更好的部分不得不節(jié)食”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的可知在溫莎伯爵夫人的那個時代是以瘦為美；由第三段中的最后一句可知，在某些宗教團體中，以胖為財富；由第四段中的第一二句可知，如今人們又以瘦為美。因此人們在不同的年代，對體重的看法不同，因此選B。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第五段中的Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.（我們對瘦的癡迷也源于對健康的擔憂）中的also可知這是從醫(yī)學角度上來講的，另一角度是前面第四段提到的當今社會以瘦為美，這是從社會角度來講的，因此B選項“從社會學和醫(yī)學的角度”符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.（實際上，如果那些變瘦（或已經變瘦）的人認為自己天生健康，因而不必關注自己的整體生活方式，這是很危險的）可知A選項“他們應該更加關注他們的整體生活方式”符合題意。

14.單選題

Professionalarchivistsandlibrarianshavetheresourcestoduplicatematerialsinotherformatsandtheexpertisetoretrievematerialstrappedin（

）computers.

問題1選項

A.abstract

B.obsolete

C.obstinate

D.obese

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項abstract“抽象的，理論上的”；B選項obsolete“淘汰的，廢棄的，過時的”；C選項obstinate“固執(zhí)的，頑固的，棘手的”；D選項obese“臃腫的，虛胖的，病態(tài)肥胖的”。原句表示“專業(yè)檔案管理員和圖書管理員有方法以其它格式復制資料，并有專門技能挽回困在_____計算機中的資料”，因此B選項符合語境。句意：專業(yè)檔案管理員和圖書管理員有方法以其它格式復制資料，并有專門技能挽回困在廢棄計算機中的資料。

15.單選題

Growth,reproduction,anddailymetabolismallrequireanorganismtoexpendenergy.Theexpenditureofenergyisessentiallyaprocessofbudgeting,justasfinancesarebudgeted.Ifallofone’smoneyisspentonclothes,theremaybenonelefttobuyfoodorgotothemovies.Similarly,aplantoranimalcannotsquanderallitsenergyongrowingabigbodyifnonewouldbeleftoverforreproduction,forthisisthesurestwaytoextinction.

Allorganisms,therefore,allocateenergytogrowth,reproduction,maintenance,andstorage.Nochoiceisinvolved;thisallocationcomesaspartofthegeneticpackagefromtheparents.Maintenanceforagivenbodydesignofanorganismisrelativelyconstant.Storageisimportant,butultimatelythatenergywillbeusedformaintenance,reproduction,orgrowth.Thereforetheprincipaldifferencesinenergyallocationarelikelytobebetweengrowthandreproduction.

Almostallofanorganism’senergycanbedivertedtoreproduction,withverylittleallocatedtobuildingthebody.Organismsatthisextremeare“opportunists.”Attheotherextremeare“competitors,”almostallofwhoseresourcesareinvestedinbuildingahugebody,withabareminimumallocatedtoreproduction.

Dandelionsaregoodexamplesofopportunists.Theirseedheadsraisedjusthighenoughabovethegroundtocatchthewind,theplantsarenobiggerthantheyneedbe,theirstemsarehollow,andalltherigiditycomesfromtheirwatercontent.Thus,aminimuminvestmenthasbeenmadeinthebodythatbecomesaplatformforseeddispersal.Theseveryshort-livedplantsreproduceprolifically;thatistosaytheyprovideaconstantrainofseedintheneighborhoodofparentplants.Anewplantwillspringupwhereveraseedfallsonasuitablesoilsurface,butbecausetheydonotbuildbigbodies,theycannotcompetewithotherplantsforspace,water,orsunlight.Theseplantsaretermedopportunistsbecausetheyrelyontheirseeds’fallingintosettingswherecompetingplantshavebeenremovedbynaturalprocesses,suchasalonganerodingriverbank,onlandslips,orwhereatreefallsandcreatesagapintheforestcanopy.

Opportunistsmustconstantlyinvadenewareastocompensateforbeingdisplacedbymorecompetitivespecies.Humanlandscapesoflawns,fields,orflowerbedsprovidesettingswithbaresoilandalackofcompetitorsthatareperfecthabitatsforcolonizationbyopportunists.Hence,manyofthestronglyopportunisticplantsarethecommonweedsoffieldsandgardens.

Becauseeachindividualisshort-lived,thepopulationofanopportunistspeciesislikelytobeadverselyaffectedbydrought,badwinters,orfloods.Iftheirpopulationistrackedthroughtime,itwillbeseentobeparticularlyunstable―soaringandplummetinginirregularcycles.

Theoppositeofanopportunistisacompetitor.Theseorganismstendtohavebigbodies,arelong-lived,andspendrelativelylittleefforteachyearonreproduction.Anoaktreeisagoodexampleofacompetitor.Amassiveoakclaimsitsgroundfor200yearsormore,outcompetingallotherwould-becanopytreesbycastingadenseshadeanddrawingupanyfreewaterinthesoil.Theleavesofanoaktreetastefoulbecausetheyarerichintannins,achemicalthatrendersthemdistastefulorindigestibletomanyorganisms.Thetanninsarepartofthedefensemechanismthatisessentialtolongevity.Althoughoaksproducethousandsofacorns,theinvestmentinacropofacornsissmallcomparedwiththeenergyspentonbuildingleaves,trunk,androots.Onceanoaktreebecomesestablished,itislikelytosurviveminorcyclesofdroughtandevenfire.Apopulationofoaksislikelytoberelativelystablethroughtime,anditssurvivalislikelytodependmoreonitsabilitytowithstandthepressuresofcompetitionorpredationthanonitsabilitytotakeadvantageofchanceevents.Itshouldbenoted,however,thatthepureopportunistorpurecompetitorisrareinnature,asmostspeciesfallbetweentheextremesofacontinuum,exhibitingablendofsomeopportunisticandsomecompetitivecharacteristics.

1.Inparagraph1,theauthorexplainstheconceptofenergyexpenditureby

（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theclassificationoforganismsas“opportunists”or“competitors”isdeterminedby（

）.

3.Allofthefollowingarementionedinparagraph7ascontributingtothelongevityofanoaktreeEXCEPT

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,oaktreesareconsideredcompetitorsbecause

（

）.

5.Inparagraph7,theauthorsuggeststhatmostspeciesoforganisms（

）.

問題1選項

A.identifyingtypesoforganismsthatbecameextinct

B.comparingthescientificconcepttoafamiliarhumanexperience

C.arguingthatmostorganismsconserveratherthanexpendenergy

D.describingtheprocessesofgrowth,reproduction,andmetabolism

問題2選項

A.howthegeneticinformationofanorganismisstoredandmaintained

B.thewayinwhichtheorganisminvestsitsenergyresources

C.whethertheclimateinwhichtheorganismlivesismildorextreme

D.thevarietyofnaturalresourcestheorganismconsumesinitsenvironment

問題3選項

A.thecapacitytocreateshade

B.leavescontainingtannin

C.theabilitytowithstandmilddroughtsandfire

D.thelargenumberofacornsthetreeproduces

問題4選項

A.theygrowinareasfreeofopportunists

B.theyspendmoreenergyontheirleaves,trunksandrootsthanontheiracorns

C.theirpopulationtendstoincreaseordecreaseinirregularcycles

D.unlikeotherorganisms,theydonotneedmuchwaterorsunlight

問題5選項

A.areprimarilyopportunists

B.areprimarilycompetitors

C.beginasopportunistsandevolveintocompetitors

D.havesomecharacteristicsofopportunistsandsomeofcompetitors

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Theexpenditureofenergyisessentiallyaprocessofbudgeting,justasfinancesarebudgeted.（能量支出本質上是一個預算過程，就像財政預算一樣）可知B選項“將科學概念與人類熟悉的經驗進行比較”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Almostallofanorganism’senergycanbedivertedtoreproduction,withverylittleallocatedtobuildingthebody.Organismsatthisextremeare“opportunists.”Attheotherextremeare“competitors,”（幾乎所有的生物體能量都可以被轉移到繁殖上，而很少被分配到身體生長上。在這個極端的生物體是“機會主義者”，在另一個極端的生物體是“競爭者”）可知B選項“生物體投資能量的方式”符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的Althoughoaksproducethousandsofacorns,theinvestmentinacropofacornsissmallcomparedwiththeenergyspentonbuildingleaves,trunk,androots.（雖然橡樹能產出數千顆橡子，但與建造樹葉、樹干和樹根的能源相比，對橡子作物的投資很?。跋鹱印睂儆谙饦涞姆敝撤绞剑粚儆谙饦渖L的原因，因此D選項“橡樹產生大量的橡子”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的Attheotherextremeare“competitors,”almostallofwhoseresourcesareinvestedinbuildingahugebody,withabareminimumallocatedtoreproduction.（另一個極端是“競爭對手”，它們幾乎把所有的資源都投資到建設一個巨大的身體上，只有很少的一部分用于繁殖）可知B選項“它們花在葉、干和根上的精力比花在橡子上的精力多”符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的asmostspeciesfallbetweentheextremesofacontinuum,exhibitingablendofsomeopportunisticandsomecompetitivecharacteristics（當大多數物種處于這兩個極端組成的區(qū)域中，表現出一些機會主義和一些競爭特征的混合）可知D選項“具有機會主義者和競爭對手的一些特點”符合題意。

16.單選題

Ifwedon’tstopflirtingwiththosedeathlynuclearweapons,thewholeglobewillbe（

）.

問題1選項

A.contaminated

B.polluted

C.annihilated

D.invaded

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項contaminate“污染，玷污，腐蝕（人的思想或品德）”；B選項pollute“污染，弄臟”；C選項annihilate“消滅，毀滅，徹底擊敗”；D選項invade“侵入，侵略”。flirtwith表示“調戲，玩弄，不認真地考慮”，deathlynuclearweapons表示“致命核武器”，結合語境可知C選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：如果我們不停止玩弄那些致命的核武器，整個世界將被毀滅。

17.單選題

（

）,Imustdoanotherexperiment.

問題1選項

A.Beiteversolate

B.Itiseversolate

C.Itbeeversolate

D.Solateitbeever

【答案】A

【解析】考查狀語從句的倒裝。根據選項及句意，可推測空格指“盡管很晚了，但我必須再做一個實驗”，Beiteversolate是由Thoughit(may)beeversolate而來，省略了though再將be移至主語it之前而來。句意：盡管很晚了，但我必須再做一個實驗。

18.單選題

Asthegreatlowebbofhightechsweepsthroughtheworldofonlinecommerce,twokindsofsitesareweatheringthestorm.Thefirstgroupisoftenreferredtoas“clicksandmortar”——onlineextensionsofstoreslikeWalmartorSears.Theytakeanexisting,traditionalbusinessandextenditintotheonlinearena.ThesecondgroupprovidesauniqueservicemadepossiblebytheInternet’sspecialcharacteristics.Jobsitesandonlineauctioneere-BayarebothgoodexamplesofthenewbreedofbusinessthattheInternetcontinuestofoster.

Cisoneofthelattergroup.It’sawebsitethatprovidesuserswithonlinestoreswheretheycansellshirts,mugs,andmousepadscustomizedwiththeirownlogosand/orslogans.Byitself,thisisafairlyusefulservice,andanexampleofhowtheInternethaschangedtheartofmarketingandcustomerservice.

C,however,isratherremarkableforanotherreason.Customersdon’tneedtoprintlargelotsofitems.Theydon’tneedtoworryaboutshippingthegoodstotheircustomers.Andtheydon’tneedtotalktoanotherhumanbeingtogettheirstore“built”inthefirstplace.Thesiteletsyouuploadanimageandchoosewhatsortofitemyou’dlikeittoappearon.Youcanthenchoosehowmuchtomarktheitemup—thedifferencebetweentheitem’sbasecostandyourmark-uppriceisyourprofit.

Basepricesarehigh,butunderstandablewhenyouconsiderwhatdoesfortheinitialinvestment.An11-ouncemugstartsat$10.99.Forthat,printsthemugonapiece-by-piecebasis,providestheorderingsoftware,handlesthemoney,packsit,andshipsitforyou.Themug’spurchaserpaysshippingandhandlingcosts;thestoreowner’seffortislimitedtouploadingtheoriginalimageforthemug,settingthecost,andwritingabriefdescriptionoftheitem.

Itseemstobecatchingon.“Moreandmorecompaniescometous,whowanttodosomekindofmerchandising,whowanttoofferarangeofproductstotheirusers,butdon’twantthehassles（麻煩事）associatedwithit,”saysMaheeshJain,cafepress.corn’sco-founderandvice-president.“That’swherewecomein—we'reoneofthefewcompaniesthatofferthiskindoffull-servicesolution.”

Butthemostexcitingaspectofisnotitsabilitytohelpmajorcorporationsoutsource（外包）andcustomizetheirmerchandisingefforts.What’sremarkableaboutthesystemishowsimpleitistoopenastore.Anaverageindividualwithanideathatcouldsell50T-shirtsormugscan’tjustifyatraditionalmerchandisingeffort,butwith,userscaneasilybringideastofruition（完成）withverylittletimeandnofinancialrisk.Moreover,thequalityofthemerchandiseisgood;I’veorderedamugandashirtfrom,andbothwereshippedrelativelypromptly,andarrivedexactlyaspromised.Cisanideathat’seasytogetexcitedabout.It’sasmall—buttangibleexampleofhowtheInternetcanchangethewaywelive.

1.Theexpression“weatheringthestorm”inthefirstsentencemeans（

）.

2.Thefirstkindofsitediffersfromthesecondkindofsiteinthat

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingaboutCisNOTtrue?

4.WhatkindofcustomersneedCmostaccordingtoitsvice-president?

5.WhatisthemostoutstandingaboutCaccordingtotheauthor?

問題1選項

A.survivingacrisis

B.comingintobeing

C.strugglinginthestorm

D.beingdominatedbyastormyhightechwave

問題2選項

A.thefirstkindsellscommoditieswhilethesecondoffersservice

B.thefirstkindextendsitemssoldbeyondthetraditionalcategories

C.thesecondkindisrisingwhilethefirstkindisdecliningintheworldofonlinecommerce

D.thesecondkindoffersuntraditionaljobstopeopleexperiencedillauctioning

問題3選項

A.Itscustomersarethosewhowanttosellthingsratherthanbuythings.

B.It,alongwithsimilarsites,haschangedthetraditionalwayofmarketing.

C.Itkeepsitsprofittoaminimuminordertoattractonlinecustomers.

D.Itsusersdon'thavetotransacttheitemstobesoldface-to-facewiththeircustomers.

問題4選項

A.Thosewhosellagreatvarietyofitems.

B.Thosewhosellunconventionalcommodities.

C.Thosewhowanttoavoidthetroubleofnegotiatingwithclients.

D.Thosewhohaveproblemkeepingtheircommoditiesmoving.

問題5選項

A.Thehelpitoffersmajorcompaniesinmarketingtheircommodities.

B.Theconveniencesitgivestocompaniesinsellingtheircommodities.

C.Thehighqualityofthemerchandiseitofferstocustomers.

D.Thespeedandsecurityitoffersuserstoputtheirideasintopractice.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.詞義題。“weatherthestorm”中的thestorm是指前面的“thegreatlowebbofhightech（高科技的低谷）”，由文章第一段中的最后一句Jobsitesandonlineauctioneere-BayarebothgoodexamplesofthenewbreedofbusinessthattheInternetcontinuestofoster.（Jobsites和onlineauctioneere-Bay都是互聯網繼續(xù)培育的商務新品種的好例子）可推測“twokindsofsites（兩類網站）”經受住了這次高科技的低谷，并生存了下來，因此A選項“危機中生存”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據題干的關鍵詞thefirskindofsite和thesendkindofsite定位到文章第一段中，由第一段第二三四句Thefirstgroupisoftenreferredtoas“clicksandmortar”—onlineextensionsofstoreslikeWalmartorSears.Theytakeanexisting,traditionalbusinessandextenditintotheonlinearena.ThesecondgroupprovidesauniqueservicemadepossiblebytheInternet'sspecialcharacteristics.（第一種通常被稱為“實體與虛擬結合的商店”——Walmart或Sears等商店的在線擴展。他們將現有的傳統(tǒng)業(yè)務擴展到在線領域。第二種提供了一種獨特的服務，這是由于互聯網的特殊性而得以實現的）可知第一種賣產品，而第二種賣服務，因此A選項“第一種是銷售商品，第二種是提供服務”符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段第一句Basepricesarehigh,butunderstandablewhenyouconsiderwhatdoesfortheinitialinvestment.（基礎價格很高這是可以理解的，考慮到CafeP為初始投資所做的工作）可知C選項“為了吸引在線客戶，它將利潤降到最低”表示不正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據題干關鍵詞vice-president定位到文章倒數第二段中，由Moreandmorecompaniescometous,whowanttodosomekindofmerchandising,whowanttoofferarangeofproductstotheirusers,butdon’twantthehasslesassociatedwithit（越來越多的公司來找我們，他們想做某種商品銷售，他們想向他們的用戶提供一系列的產品，但他們不想做與之相關的麻煩事）可知C選項“那些想避免與客戶談判的麻煩的人”符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據題干關鍵詞themostoutstandingaboutC定位到文章最后一段中，由What’sremarkableaboutthesystemishowsimpleitistoopenastore（這個系統(tǒng)值得注意的是，開一家商店是多么簡單）和butwith,userscaneasilybringideastofruitionwithverylittletimeandnofinancialrisk（但是，使用，用戶可以輕松地將想法在短時間內實現，而且沒有財務風險）可知D選項“它為用戶提供了快速將他們的想法付諸實踐的安全性”符合題意。

19.單選題

Theoldcoupledecidedto（

）aboyandagirlthoughtheyhadthreechildrenoftheirown.

問題1選項

A.adapt

B.bring

C.receive

D.adopt

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項adapt“使適合（新用途、新情況），適應（新情況）”；B選項bring“帶來，引起，導致”；C選項receive“拿到，接到，受到”；D選項adopt“收養(yǎng)，領養(yǎng)，采用”。此處表示這對老夫婦決定領養(yǎng)一男一女，因此選D。句意：這對老夫婦決定收養(yǎng)一男一女，盡管他們自己有三個孩子。

20.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

當我們談及智力，我們不是指在某種考試中取得高分