2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)傳媒大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)33

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)傳媒大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Ifyouwantedtoquestionwhetherglobalwarmingisindeeduponus,lastweekwasnotthetimetodoit.Twoweeksbeforetheofficialbeginningofsummer,aheatwavebakedtheeasternthirdoftheU.S.andCanada,drivingtemperatureshighintothe90sandeven100s.Atthesametime,aflurryofscientificpaperswasreleasedthatseemedtoexplainallthelate-springsuffering.Inonestudy,Frenchresearchersreportedthatheat-trappinggreenhousegasesareattheirhighestlevelsin420,000years.Inanother,U.S.scientistsfoundthat57speciesofbutterflymaybealteringtheirmigratorypatternsinresponsetochangingheatpatterns.

Inlightofallthis,aswelteringpublicmusthavebeenconvincedatlastthatit’stimetodosomethingtocoolofftheoverheatedplanet,right?Wrong.Evenasthetemperaturewasclimbing,anewsurveybytheAmericanGeophysicalUnionfoundthatAmericansarelessconcernedthaneveraboutcombatingglobalwarming."Themorewetalkaboutwarming,"saysthestudy'sdirector,JohnImmerwahr,"the(morethe)public'sconcerngoesdown."

Suchanenvironmentaldisconnectmaynotbemuchofamystery.Environmentalistscomplainthatoverthepasttwoyearsindustrygroupshavelaunchedacoordinatedadvertisingcampaigntotorpedothe1997Kyototreaty,whichrequiresindustrialnationstoreducegreenhouseemissions.Morethan$13millionhasbeenspentonadstoblockratificationofthetreatybytheU.S.Senate."ThepurposeoftheadswastoconvincemostAmericansthatthereisn’taproblemorthatit’stooexpensivetofix,"saysNationalEnvironmentalTrustspokesmanPeterKelly.

EnvironmentalistsalsocriticizetheU.S.Presidentsforwhattheybelieveistheirfailuretopresstheissue.Forexample,intheyearof1997,PresidentClintonmovedforKyototreatychangesthatenvironmentalgroupsseeasindustry-pleasingloopholes.SaysDanielWeiss,theSierraClub'spoliticaldirector:"Timidleaderscommunicatehopelessness."Andhopelessnessbreedsindifference.Ifsuchpopularso-whatingpersists,Immerwahrwarns,thepublicmaybegingraspingatphonysolutionstoglobalwarming.Attheendoflastweek,somepeopletookcomfortfromthereportofavasthazeofpollutantsthatcollectsovertheIndianOceaninthewinter,butthatresearchersonlyrecentlystudied.Filthyasthecloudis,itdoesdeflectsolarradiation,andthatcouldleadtocooling.Butscientistswarnthatwecannotsimplypolluteourwayoutofglobalwarming.Thesootdropsfromthehazyatmosphereinweeks,whereasgreenhousegasesremainforcenturies.

Thewayoutofthisgridlock,environmentalistssay,istoshowit’spossibletoreducegreenhousegaseswithoutsinkingtheeconomy.Solutionsincludecleanercarsandbetterwind-andsolar-powertechnologies.SaysGregWetstone,programdirectorfortheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil:"Whenthesekindsofoptionsbecomeavailable,peoplewillfeellesshopeless."Ofcourse,it’salsopossiblethatonlywhenpeoplefeellesshopelesswilltheypresstheirleaderstomakethesolutionsavailable.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,globalwarmingis（）.

2.Speakingofglobalwarming,Americanpublicis（）.

3.Thepublic’sreactiontoglobalwarmingismainlyaresultof（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.causingalotoftrouble

B.notasseriousasitseems

C.feltonlyinAmericaandCanada

D.whataccountsforthehighlevelofgreenhousegases

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.concerned

B.indifferent

C.worried

D.frightened

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theirdisbeliefoftheexistenceofsuchproblem

B.theadvertisingcampaignofindustrialgroups

C.thehighcostoffixingtheproblem

D.AmericanSenate’sdisapprovalofKyototreaty

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.EnvironmentalistsurgePresidentClintonadministrationtopresstheissue.

B.Kyototreatyaimsatcurbingtheglobalwarmingproblem.

C.Americangovernmentispartlyresponsibleforthepublic'sattitudetowardglobalwarming

D.Industrialgroupsdonotcareaboutglobalwarming.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.environmentalistssupporttheideaofsolvingglobalwarmingthroughpollution

B.thepoorleadershipofAmericanPresidenthasproducedaverybadinfluence

C.Americaneconomywillsufferifglobalwarmingiscurbed

D.peoplehavenoconfidenceinsolvingproblemofglobalwarming

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問：根據(jù)作者(的觀點(diǎn))，全球變暖是什么？根據(jù)原文第一段可知，在夏季正式開始的前兩周，一股熱浪席卷了美國(guó)東部三分之一的地區(qū)和加拿大，將氣溫推高至華氏90多度甚至100多度。在一項(xiàng)研究中，法國(guó)研究人員報(bào)告稱，吸熱的溫室氣體達(dá)到了42萬年來的最高水平。在另一項(xiàng)研究中，美國(guó)科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)57種蝴蝶可能會(huì)改變它們的遷徙模式，以應(yīng)對(duì)不斷變化的熱度。由此可見，全球變暖帶來了很多問題和影響，它已經(jīng)確確實(shí)實(shí)存在于我們身邊。所以A選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)生許多麻煩”表述正確。

第2題:2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問：談及全球變暖，美國(guó)民眾是什么樣的態(tài)度？A選項(xiàng)concerned表示“擔(dān)憂的”；B選項(xiàng)indifferent表示“漠不關(guān)心的”；C選項(xiàng)worried表示“擔(dān)心的”；D選項(xiàng)frightened表示“害怕的”。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句可知，盡管氣溫不斷攀升，但美國(guó)人比以往任何時(shí)候都更不關(guān)心對(duì)抗全球變暖的問題，越是談?wù)撊蜃兣膯栴}，公眾的擔(dān)憂就越少。由此可見，大眾并不關(guān)心對(duì)抗全球變暖一事，所以他們對(duì)于這件事的態(tài)度應(yīng)是漠不關(guān)心的，即indifferent。故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

第3題:3.推理判斷題。題干詢問：民眾對(duì)全球變暖的反應(yīng)主要是什么原因造成的？根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息可定位到原文第三段，產(chǎn)業(yè)集團(tuán)發(fā)起了廣告宣傳活動(dòng)，以破壞《京都議定書》的簽署。與此同時(shí)，這些廣告讓人們相信全球變暖的問題不存在或解決這個(gè)問題的需要的成本太高，因此大眾才會(huì)對(duì)全球變暖問題漠視。由此可知，廣告宣傳是大眾有如此反應(yīng)的根本原因，故B選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)業(yè)集團(tuán)的廣告宣傳”是本題的正確答案。

第4題:4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問下列哪項(xiàng)在文中沒有提及？根據(jù)第四段第一句“EnvironmentalistsalsocriticizetheU.S.Presidentsforwhattheybelieveistheirfailuretopresstheissue”可知，環(huán)保主義者也批評(píng)克林頓總統(tǒng)沒有推動(dòng)這個(gè)問題的解決，說明美國(guó)政府應(yīng)當(dāng)為公眾對(duì)于全球變暖的態(tài)度負(fù)部分責(zé)任，故C選項(xiàng)正確。但文章未提到環(huán)保主義者要敦促總統(tǒng)去解決全球變暖問題。所以，A選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。工業(yè)團(tuán)體發(fā)布廣告宣傳來破壞《京都議定書》的簽署并且誤導(dǎo)大眾，說明他們并不關(guān)心全球變暖問題，也說明《京都議定書》確實(shí)能對(duì)全球變暖進(jìn)行遏制，所以B、D選項(xiàng)正確。因此本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

第5題:5.推理判斷題。題干詢問：從文中可以推斷出什么信息？根據(jù)原文第四段可知，作者指出，環(huán)保人士批評(píng)克林頓總統(tǒng)的做法，并引用環(huán)保者的表述“Timidleaderscommunicatehopelessness.Andhopelessnessbreedsindifference.（膽小的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人傳達(dá)的是絕望，從而導(dǎo)致人們的冷漠。）”。因此，作者認(rèn)為克林頓總統(tǒng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)不力產(chǎn)生了很糟糕的影響，故B選項(xiàng)表述正確。A選項(xiàng)中通過污染來解決環(huán)保問題并不是環(huán)保人士的觀點(diǎn)，所以表述錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)指出全球變暖被遏制，美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)會(huì)受影響。原文只是表明工業(yè)團(tuán)體通過廣告宣傳破壞《京都議定書》，說明這些工業(yè)團(tuán)體利益會(huì)受損，但并不是指整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)會(huì)受影響，故表述錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)表述人們對(duì)解決全球變暖問題沒有信心，原文信息指出的是大家對(duì)這一問題漠不關(guān)心，所以D選項(xiàng)也錯(cuò)誤。因此，本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

2.翻譯題

AnothermilestoneonthejourneytowardsdigitalcashwaspassedonNovember13th.Thatdatemarkedtheemergencefrombeta-testinginAmericaofV.me,a“digitalwallet”thatholdsmultiplepaymentcards,inavirtualrepository(容器).1.Insteadofprovidingtheirpersonaldetailandcardnumberstopayforstuffonline,customersjustenterausernameandapassword.TheserviceisprovidedbyVisa,agiantcard-paymentnetworkwhoseheadquartersisintheheartofSiliconValley,closetoahostoftechnologyfirmswhichwouldlovetogettheirhandsonachunkoftheglobalpaymentsbusiness.

TheshorttermnewtechnologyisactuallyboostingusageofplasticSmartphoneappsoftenrequireuserstoentertheircarddetailstopayforservices.FirmssuchasSquareandPayPalhavedevelopedtinycardreadersthatplugintosmartphonesandallowsmalltradersusingtheirfewertoacceptpaymentscheaply.EdMcLaughlin,whooverseesemergingpaymentstechnologiesatMasterCard,reckonssuchdevelopmentshaveadded1.2mnewbusinessesoverthepast12monthstothecardfirmslistofmerchants.

2.Butevenifplasticcardseventuallygothewayofvinylrecords(黑膠唱片),cardnetworksshouldstillprosperbecausetheytooareinvestingheavilyinnewtechnologyandhaveseveralbuilt-inadvantages.VisaisbettinghasmemberbanscanhelpittonarrowthegapwithrivalslikePayPal,forinstance,whichispartofe-Bayandhasgrownto11mactiveusers,thanksinparttoitsuseontheauctionsite.Over50financialinstitutionsaresupportingthelaunchofV.me,whichacceptsnon-visacardsinitswallet,tooMasterCardandothersarealsotoutingdigitalwallets,someofwhichcanholddigitalcouponsandticketsaswellascarddetails.

Beforelongallofthesewalletsarelikelytoenduponmobilephones,whichcanbeusedtobuythingsinstoresandotherplaces.ThisiswherefirmssuchasSquare,whichhasdevelopeditsownelegantandeasy-to-usemobilewalletandGooglehavebeenfocusingplentyofenergy.JenniferSchulz,Visa’sglobalheadofe-commerce,predictstherewillbeashake-outthatleavesonlyafewwalletprovidersstanding.Thankstotheirtrustedbrands,bigbudgetsandpaymentssavvy(機(jī)智，悟性),oneormorecardcompanieswillbeamongthem.

Cardnetworksarealsotakingstakesininnovativefirmstokeepaneyeonpotentiallydisruptivetechnologies.Visaownspartofsquare,whichrecentlystruckadealwithStarbuckstomakeitsmobile-paymentserviceavailablein7,000ofthecoffeechainoutletsinAmerica,VisahasalsoinvestedinMonitise,amobile-bankingspecialist.AmericanExpress,foritspart,hassetupa$100mdigital-commercefund,oneofwhoseinvestmentsisiniZettle,aSquare-likefirmbasedinSweden.

Sofarfewhavetriedtocreatenewpaymentssystemsfromscratch.Thosethathavetoyedwiththeidea,suchasISIS,aconsortiumoftelecomscompaniesinAmerica,haveconcludeditisfartoocostlyandpainfultodealwithregulators,setupanti-fraudsystemsandsoforth.Fearsaboutthesecurityofnew-fangledpaymentsystemsalsoplayintothehandsofestablishedcardfirms.

Still,theycannotrelax.BryanKeane,ananalystatDeutscheRank,pointsoutrivaldigitalwalletscouldpromotealternativestocreditanddebitcards,includingstorevaluecardsanddirectbank-account-to-bank-accountpayments3.BigretailersinAmericahaveclubbedtogethertocreatetheirowndigitalwalletandarelikelytopromptuserstochoosethepaymentoptionsthatarecheapestforthechainsbyofferingthemincentiveslikecoupons.

JackDorsey,thebossofSquareandaco-founderofTwitter,agreesthatdigitalwalletswillmakethetrade-offsbetweenvariouspaymentoptionsclearertoconsumerandreckonsthiswillforcecardnetworkstouptheirgame.“Theyhadamajorinnovation60yearsago”,hesays,“andtherehavebeenvery,veryfewinnovationssince”4.Someinthepaymentsworldmightquibble(狡辯)withthatbutonethingtheycanallagreeonisthatspreadofmobilepaymentswillbringmaymorecustomers.MasterCard'sMr.McLaughlinclaimsthat85%ofcommercestillinvolvescashandcheck.Asmobilepurchasestakeoff,moreofthisactivitywillmoveonline.

5.Thebiggestprizeofallliesinemergingmarkets,wherealackoffinancialinfrastructureishasteningtheriseofphone-basedpaymentssystemsuchasM-PesawhichservesKenyaandseveralothermarket.VisahassnappedupFandom,whichspecializesinpaymentservetotheunbankedandunder-bankedinemergingmarkets;MasterCardhassetupajointventurecalledWandawithTelefonica,aSpanishtelecomfirm,whichaimtomobilepaymentsacrossLatinAmerica.Thepaymentsworldischangingfastbutthecardfirmsarenotabouttoletrivalsswipetheirbusiness.

【答案】1.顧客只需要輸入用戶名和密碼，而不是提供他們個(gè)人信息和卡號(hào)來進(jìn)行在線支付。

2.但是盡管信用卡最終會(huì)重蹈黑膠唱片的覆轍，信用卡網(wǎng)絡(luò)會(huì)依然繁榮，因?yàn)樗麄円舱罅ν顿Y新技術(shù)，并且存在一些內(nèi)在優(yōu)勢(shì)。

3.美國(guó)大型零售商聯(lián)合起來創(chuàng)建了他們自己的數(shù)字錢包，并且可能通過提供優(yōu)惠券等鼓勵(lì)措施促使用戶選擇對(duì)他們聯(lián)營(yíng)企業(yè)來說最實(shí)惠的支付方式。

4.一些支付領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的信用卡公司可能會(huì)對(duì)此有所狡辯，但是他們共同贊成的一件事情是移動(dòng)支付的普及將帶來更多的客戶。

5.移動(dòng)支付帶來的最大好處在于新興市場(chǎng)，在這個(gè)市場(chǎng)中，金融設(shè)施的缺乏促進(jìn)了手機(jī)支付系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展，如服務(wù)于肯尼亞和其他幾個(gè)市場(chǎng)的M-Pesa移動(dòng)錢包服務(wù)。

3.單選題

Youarethe（）personIwanttosee.Whydidyoucometoseeme?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.very

B.fine

C.last

D.suitable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)very“恰好的；十足的；唯獨(dú)的；真正的”；B選項(xiàng)fine“好的；健康的；晴朗的”；C選項(xiàng)last“最后的；最終的；最不可能的”；D選項(xiàng)suitable“適當(dāng)?shù)?；相配的”。句意：你就是我……要見的人。你為什么來看我？由后面的問句可看出說話者并不想見此人，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有l(wèi)ast表示“最不……的”之意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Lawyersemergedfrom（）intheeighteencenturytobecomekeymembersofthecommercialcolonies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prominence

B.obscurity

C.significance

D.originality

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。prominence“突出，顯著”；obscurity“朦朧，晦澀，身份低微”；significance“意義，重要性”；originality“創(chuàng)意，創(chuàng)造力”。句意：18世紀(jì)，律師從默默無聞一躍成為商業(yè)殖民地的重要成員。此處需要注意題干中的“from...to...”，說明有轉(zhuǎn)變，to后面是“重要成員”，而能體現(xiàn)這一轉(zhuǎn)變的選項(xiàng)為Bobscurity。

5.單選題

Itisnotuncommonforclosesynonymstobeunderstoodtosharethesamemeaning.Thedifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and“difficult”,forexample,goestragicallyunnoticed.Onemayemployoneortheotherwithcompleteindifference,postulatingnodiscrepancybetweenthem.Ingeneralthisiswellandgood;mostpeoplelackthescrupulouspedanticalnesstoquibbleoversuchtrifles.Nevertheless,forthoseofuswithamplecompulsiveness（andtime）,itisofsignificantvaluetocomprehendsuchnuances.

Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1）Thetestwashard.2）Thetestwasdifficult.Isthedifferencebetweenthesesynonymsreadilyapparent?Isthereanoticeabledifferencebetweenthematall?Indeed,thesequestionsarevalidandwarrantanswer.For,whatwouldbethepointtohavingmultiplewordswiththeexactsamemeaning?No,thatwouldbesuperfluous;theEnglishlanguagebeingfartooeconomical.Whilemanyclosesynonymssharesimilar,ifnotthesame,dictionarydefinitions,thefeeling,ormood,theyconveyisutterlysingular.Althoughadictionarycanprovideinformationaboutwordmeanings,pronunciations,etymologies,inflectedforms,derivedforms,etcetera,itcannotcommunicatehowitfeelstouseaword.

So,ifthereisindeedatdifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and“difficult”,whatisit?Tobegin,“hard”ispragmaticandrealistic,firmlygroundedinreality.Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn’tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature.Ontheotherhand,“difficult”iseloquentandrefined.Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane.Why,themeredifferenceinsonicqualitybetweenthemisstrikingenough.“Hard”makesaquick,unassumingsound,havingbutasinglesyllable（voicedundercertaininflections,itcanevencomeacrossasharsh）,while“difficult”ismorelengthyandmelodic,itsnumberofsyllablestotalingthreetimesthatofitscounterpart.Furthermore,“hard”ismorelikelytobeusedincasual,informalcircumstances,ortocommunicateanidea“onthego”orsimplyto“getitout”asthesayingsgo.Itisusedwithoutpretense,anddoesnotmaintainafeelingofbeingoverlyconcerned.Intermsofdailyusage,“hard”maybeemployedbyanexhaustedbrickmasonwhenposedwiththequestion,“Howwasyourday?”Conversely,“difficult”maybeusedbyamilitarygeneraluponexplainingtohisorhersuperiortheprogressionofaparticularlytaxingcampaign.

Similarto“hard”and“difficult”,thewords“weird”and“strange”tooareclosesynonyms,andmayseeminglybeusedinterchangeably.Takeforinstancethefollowingsentences:1）Seamonkeysareweird.2）Seamonkeysarestrange.Contrarytopopularbelief,thesesentencesarenottautologous.Sohowdotheydiffer?Theirdictionarydefinitionsarenearlyidentical,sothedifferencedoesnotliethere.Rather,thedifferenceinvolvesthefeeling,ormood,thatthesewordsconvey.Noticethatwhile“weird”and“strange”bothhavebutonesyllable,thelatterhasaremarkablydistinguishedfeel.Similarto“hard”,“weird”conveysamorebasic,amorecrude,sentiment.Something“weird”iscrassorgross,andistypicallyundesirable.Noonewantstobeassociatedwithsomething“weird”.Iftryingtoimpresssomeone,oneprobablydoesn’twanttobecategorizedamongthe“weird”.Ontheotherhand,ifsomethingislabeledas“strange”,itisnotnecessarilybad.Rather,something“strange”issimplyabnormal,orunusual——adeviationfromwhatisexpected.Thisdistinctionbetween“weird”and“strange”issopronouncethatthelattercanbeusedasaeuphemismfortheformerincertainsituations.Forexample,noticehowasimplesubstitutionisabletomakethefollowingsentencelessoffensive:“Yourmother’scookiestasteweird”comparedto“Yourmotherscookiestastestrange”.Intheformersentence,thespeakersoundsasthoughheorsheisinsultingyourmother’scookies,statingthattheytastebad.Inthelattersentence,however,thespeakersoundsasthoughthecookiessimplytastedifferent,orunusual,comparedtowhatheorsheisusedto—thedifferenceowingtotheinnocuousadditionoftoomuchflourperhaps.

Finally,let’slookatthesynonyms,“happy”and“glad”.Asintheaforementionedcases,thesewordsseemtohavelittleornodiscernibledifferencebetweenthem.Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1）Tommyishappybecausehegotanewbike.2）Tommyisgladbecausehegotanewbike.Mostunderstandthesesentencestohavethesamemeaning.Andagain,uponconsultingadictionary,onewillfindhighlysimilar,ifnotthesame,definitions.Butthesedefinitionslackthefeeling,theuniqueemotionalchargethatthesewordsconvey.Theword“happy”conveysasenseoflevity,oracarefreeattitude.Thethoughtofsomeonewhois“happy”conjurestheimageofabright-eyes,ruddy,smilingface.Oneis“happy”onthemorningofhisbirthday,discoveringanewpuppyboundingintohisbedroom.Ontheotherhand,theword“glad”conveysasenseofrelieforcontentment.Thethoughtofsomeonewhois“glad”conjurestheimageofamanstandingcrossed-armed,noddinggently,astoicgrincrossinghisface.Oneis“glad”whenheseesthatthechild’slostpuppyhasbeenfound,andwasmerelyfrolickingtoofarfromhome.

Granted,thenotionthatclosesynonymscanbeusedinterchangeablyisprevalentamongEnglishspeakers.Andalas,thedictionary—thetextpurportedtoberesponsibleforclarifyingsuchissues—isoflittleassistance.Intheend,itislefttousthespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.Usingtheexamplesandinsightsdescribedabove,onemaycometorecognizethesesubtle,yetcrucial,differences.

Granted,thenotionthatclosesynonymscanbeusedinterchangeablyisprevalentamongEnglishspeakers.Andalas,thedictionarythetextpurportedtoberesponsibleforclarifyingsuchissues——isoflittleassistance.Intheend,itislefttous,thespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.Usingtheexamplesandinsightsdescribedabove,onemaycometorecognizethesesubtle,yetcrucial,difference.

1.Asusedinparagraph1，whatismostlikelymeantby“scrupulouspedanticalness”？

2.Accordingtoparagraph3,whichofthefollowingdescribessomeonewhoisutilitarian?

3.Whichofthefollowingsentencesfromthepassagerepresentsafact,ratherthananopinion?

4.Theauthorwrites:“Tobegin,“hard”ispragmaticandrealistic,firmlygroundedinreality.Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn’tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature.Ontheotherhand,‘difficult’’iseloquentandrefined.Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane.”Whichofthefollowingliterarydevicesisusedinthisquotation?

5.Withrespecttothewayinwhichclosesynonymsarecommonlyunderstood,theauthor’stonecanbestbedescribedas（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Mildcuriosity.

B.Wryskepticismof.

C.Passionateindignation.

D.Excessiveconcern.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Withoutfail,Edgarrisesatdaybreak,catstwoeggsforbreakfast,drinksaglassoforangejuice,lacesuphisbootsandheadsoutintothefield.

B.Inhopesofimpressingtheirclassmates,moststudentsweartheirnewwinterjacketstotheplay,Alyosha,however,knowsitwillbewarminthetheaterandthereforeleaveshisjacketathome.

C.Nikkosparkshiscarsothatothercarscannotgetout.Uponreturningtohiscar,awomaniswaitingthereonhimtomove.Shelooksupset.Hetellsherit’snothisproblem,getsinhiscaranddrivesoff.

D.Amytakestimetolookniceinthemorning.Shebrushesherhair,putsonlightmakeup,andpicksouttheclothesshewillwearfortheday.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Onemayemployoneortheotherwithcompleteindifference,postulatingnodiscrepancybetweenthem.

B.Thethoughtofsomeonewhois“happy”conjurestheimageofabright-eyed,ruddy,smilingface.

C.Noonewantstobeassociatedwithsomething“weird”.

D.Althoughadictionarycanprovideinformationaboutwordmeanings,pronunciations,etymologies,inflectedforms,derivedforms,etcetera,itcannotcommunicatehowitfeelstouseaword.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Onomatopoeia.

B.Hyperbole.

C.Personification.

D.Metaphor.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.conscientious

B.supercilious

C.rueful

D.belligerent

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一段第四句“mostpeoplelackthescrupulouspedanticalnesstoquibbleoversuchtrifles.”，大多數(shù)人缺乏一絲不茍的學(xué)究精神，對(duì)這種小事吹毛求疵。由此可知scrupulouspedanticalness表示過分的關(guān)注，意思與excessiveconcern相近。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:2.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段“Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn’tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature”，這是一個(gè)功利性的詞，能完成工作，但不能為其唐突、粗魯?shù)男袨榈狼浮＿x項(xiàng)A“埃德加必須得在黎明時(shí)分起床，他拿了兩個(gè)雞蛋當(dāng)早餐，喝了一杯橘子汁，用帶子系緊靴子，然后朝田野走去”。選項(xiàng)B“為了給同學(xué)留下深刻印象，大多數(shù)學(xué)生都穿著新的冬季夾克去看戲。然而，阿約沙知道劇院里會(huì)很暖和，所以他把夾克留在家里”。選項(xiàng)D“艾米為了早晨看起來氣色不錯(cuò)，精心打扮著：梳頭、化了淡妝、穿上她特意為這一時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備的衣服”。選項(xiàng)A、B、D均與原文不符。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:3.判斷推理題。題干的意思是問“下列哪一個(gè)句子陳述的是事實(shí)，而非觀點(diǎn)？”由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章后五段。選項(xiàng)A“使用者假定兩個(gè)詞之間不存在差異時(shí)，可以任意地使用其中一個(gè)或另一個(gè)?！边x項(xiàng)B“一想到‘快樂’的人，腦海中就會(huì)浮現(xiàn)出一個(gè)明亮的眼睛、紅潤(rùn)的笑臉”。選項(xiàng)C“沒有人愿意和‘奇怪’的事情聯(lián)系在一起”。選項(xiàng)A、B、C均與題意不符。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:4.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段。題干問“以下哪一種文學(xué)手法在題干所引用的句子中被使用？”選項(xiàng)A“擬聲?！边x項(xiàng)B“夸張”。選項(xiàng)C“擬人”。選項(xiàng)D“暗喻”。選項(xiàng)A、B、C均與題意不符。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:5.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章最后一段“Usingtheexamplesandinsightsdescribedabove,onemaycometorecognizethesesubtle,yetcrucial,differences”，通過以上的例子和見解，人們可能會(huì)逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到這些細(xì)微但至關(guān)重要的差異。由此可知，關(guān)于近義詞的普遍理解方式，作者需要認(rèn)真謹(jǐn)慎的描述。選項(xiàng)A“認(rèn)真的，盡責(zé)的”。選項(xiàng)B“高傲的，自大的”。選項(xiàng)C“可憐的”。選項(xiàng)D“好戰(zhàn)的”。選項(xiàng)B、C、D均與題意不符，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Whathetoldyouisstrictly（）.Don’tletanyoneelseknowofit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.secretive

B.individual

C.particular

D.confidential

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。secretive“秘密的，偷偷摸摸的”；individual“個(gè)別的，獨(dú)特的”；particular“特別的，詳細(xì)的”；confidential“機(jī)密的，表示信任的”。根據(jù)下一句的內(nèi)容“不要讓其他人知曉此事”，可知他所告知的事情是機(jī)密的，對(duì)被告知人是表示信任的，所以選項(xiàng)D相對(duì)于選項(xiàng)A來說要更恰當(dāng)。

7.單選題

In2008therewerefearsthatwemightenteranothereconomic（）asbadasthe1930s.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.drop

B.recession

C.decrease

D.slump

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。drop“水滴”；recession“衰退，不景氣”；decrease“減少，降低”；slump“（價(jià)格，數(shù)量等）驟降”。句意：2008年的時(shí)候，有人擔(dān)心我們可能會(huì)進(jìn)入與上世紀(jì)30年代一樣嚴(yán)重的又一次的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境。

8.單選題

Theyarewell（）witheachothersincetheyoncestudiedatthesameuniversity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.identified

B.recognized

C.acquainted

D.acknowledged

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。beidentifiedwith表示“支持；與……有密切相關(guān)”；recognize表示“承認(rèn)，認(rèn)可”，常與as構(gòu)成固定搭配berecognizedas表示“被認(rèn)為，被當(dāng)作”，有時(shí)也與with構(gòu)成搭配berecognizedwith表示“被識(shí)別出，被承認(rèn)”；beacquaintedwith表示“了解；知曉（某事）；熟悉”，beacknowledgedwith表示“被承認(rèn)，被認(rèn)可”。根據(jù)句意可知，因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)?jīng)在同所大學(xué)中學(xué)習(xí)過，所以彼此很熟悉。此時(shí)since引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，因此，只有C項(xiàng)最符合固定搭配以及句意，故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

Theshipwas（）inastormoffJamaica.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.owned

B.sunk

C.wrecked

D.submitted

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。此處考查的是動(dòng)詞過去分詞形式作為形容詞使用的詞義，A選項(xiàng)owned“自身?yè)碛械摹?；B選項(xiàng)sunk“凹陷的；低沉的；失去希望的”；C選項(xiàng)wrecked“失事的”；D選項(xiàng)submitted“屈服的”。句意：這艘船在牙買加附近的風(fēng)暴中……。“風(fēng)暴”與“船”聯(lián)系在一起，符合常理的就是“失事”了，C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Musclesmay（）orlosetheirtone,buttheywon’tturntofat.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.concentrate

B.atrophy

C.condense

D.astrogate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)concentrate“集中；濃縮”；B選項(xiàng)atrophy“萎縮；虛脫”；C選項(xiàng)condense“使?jié)饪s；使壓縮”；D選項(xiàng)astrogate“操縱；航天”。句意：肌肉可能萎縮或失去彈性，但是它們不能變成脂肪。并列連詞or連接空格處和“失去彈性”，因此此題選B。

11.單選題

CordiaHarringtonwastiredofstandingupalldayandsmellinglikeFrenchfriesatnight.SheownedandoperatedthreeMcDonald’sshopsinIllinois,butasadivorcedmotherofthreeboys,sheyearnedforabusinessthatwouldprovideforherchildrenandletherspendmoretimewiththem.

Herluckymomentcame,strangelyenough,aftershewasnominatedin1992tobeontheMcDonald'sbuncommittee.“Thecompanypickedmeupinacorporatejettoseebakeriesaroundtheworld.”Sherecalls.“EverytimeIwenttoameeting,Ilovedit.Thiswasglobal!”

Theexperienceopenedhereyestobusinesspossibilities.WhenMcDonald’sdecideditwantedanewbunsupplier,Harringtonbecamedeterminedtowinthecontract,eventhoughshehadnoexperiencerunningabakery.

Harringtonstudiedthebakerybusinessandmadesureshewasneveroffexecutives’radar.“Ifyouhaveadream,youcan’twaitforpeopletocallyou,”shesays.“SoI’dvisitamillandsendthemphotosofmyself,inabaker’shatandjacket,holdingasignthatsays“Iwanttobeyourbaker.”Afterfouryearsand32interviews,herpersistencepaidoff.

Harringtonsealedthedealwithahandshake,soldhershopsandborrowed$13.5million.Shewasreadytobuildthefaster,mostautomatedbakeryintheworld.

TheTennesseeBunCompanyopenedaheadofschedulein1997intimeforaslumpinUSfast-foodsalesforMcDonald’s.BeforeHarringtonknewit,shewasdowntoherlast$20,000,notenoughtocoverpayroll.AndheragreementwithMcDonald’srequiredthatshesellexclusivelytothecompany.“Icriedmyselftosleepmanynights,”sherecalls.“IreallydidthinkIamgoingtogobankrupt”.

ButHarringtonworkedoutanagreementtosupplyPepperideFarmaswell.“McDonald’scouldseebenefitifourproductionwentupandpriceswentdownandnobenefitifwewentoutofbusiness,”shesays.“Thatdealsavedus.”

Overthenexteightyears,Haringtonbranchedoutevenmore:Shestartedherowntruckingbusiness,addedacold-storagecompany,andnowhasthreebakeriesproducingfreshbunsandfrozendough—allnowknownastheBuncompanies.Speedisstillapriority:Ittakes11peopleatthemainbakerytomakeout60,000bunsanhourforclientsacross40states,SouthAmerica,andtheCaribbean.

Gratefulforthebreaksshe’shad,Harringtonispassionateaboutprovidingopportunitiestoall230employees.“Financialsuccessisthemostfunwhenyoucangiveitaway,”shesays.

Thecurrenteconomyischallenging.Someofherclients’saleshavedeclined,butshe’sfoundnewclientsandimprovedefficienciestohelpsustaintheeconomy’sdouble-digitgrowth.

CordiaHarringtondoesn’thavetostandonherfeetalldayanymore.Twoofherthreesonsnowworkforher.Andshe'smarriedherhusband,Tom,isnowherCFO.

"Thisismorethanajob,”saysHarrington.“It'samission.I'malwaysthinking.Howcanwebestserveouremployees?Ifwesupportthem,they’lldotheirbesttolookafterourclients.That’showitworkshere.”

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasmostsignificantinHarrington’searlycareer?

2.“Harrington....madesureshewasneveroffexecutives‘radar’"(ParagraphFour)meansthatshe（）.

3.Howdidshesurvivethecrisisofthebakerybusiness?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTindescribinghercurrentbusiness?

5.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingisfundamentaltoHarrington’ssuccess?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hertravelandthevisitstobakeriesaroundtheworld.

B.HernominationontheMcDonald’sbuncommittee.

C.Abusinesscontractwithlocalbunsuppliers.

D.Theinterviewsandexperienceinrunningabakery