2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)20

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

______fashionedfromawickfloatinginabowlofoilfunctionedaccordingtotheprincipleofcapillaryaction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Alllampsearly

B.Lampsallearly

C.Allearlylamps

D.Earlyalllamps

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞前的形容詞順序問(wèn)題。很多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞，其先后順序?yàn)閿?shù)量、大小、新舊、顏色、產(chǎn)地、材料、名詞性形容詞；指示性形容詞all,many,some及any均應(yīng)放在一般修飾性形容詞前面；句意：所有早期的燈都是由一根浮在油碗里的燈芯制成的，燈芯的作用原理是毛細(xì)管作用。因此只有C項(xiàng)語(yǔ)序正確。

2.單選題

Owingtotheunpredictableweather,thearrangementsaresubjecttochange.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.supposed

B.about

C.liable

D.bound

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。Besubjectto表示“有……傾向，受支配”；A項(xiàng)besupposedto“被期望，應(yīng)該”，B項(xiàng)beaboutto“即將，剛要”，C項(xiàng)beliableto“有……傾向，易于”，D項(xiàng)beboundto“必然，一定要”。句意：由于天氣變化莫測(cè)，安排可能會(huì)有所改變。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Plantsraisedingreenhousesaretendedmethodicallyinanattempttocreatethebestpossibleconditionsfortheirgrowth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.systematically

B.naturally

C.personally

D.lovingly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。methodically表示“有方法地，有系統(tǒng)地”；A項(xiàng)systematically“系統(tǒng)地”，B項(xiàng)naturally“自然地”，C項(xiàng)personally“個(gè)人地”，D項(xiàng)lovingly“親切地，鐘愛(ài)地”。句意：在溫室里培育的植物受到系統(tǒng)地照料，盡可能為它們的生長(zhǎng)創(chuàng)造最好的可能條件。根據(jù)句意該題選A。

4.單選題

______evidenceofheliumsawitasabrightyellowlineinspectroscopestheyaimedatthesun.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thefirstpeoplewhosaw

B.Thefirstpeoplesaw

C.Thefirstpeoplewhohaveseen

D.Thefirstpeoplehadseen

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。Thefirstpeople是先行詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，因此who不能省略，故排除B和D，C項(xiàng)用的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在，時(shí)態(tài)不符，看到“evidenceofhelium”是發(fā)生在過(guò)去，與后面“aimedat”過(guò)去時(shí)保持一致，用see的一般過(guò)去式即可，句意：最早看到氨跡象的人們還以為是分光鏡里面的一條明亮的黃線，當(dāng)時(shí)他們正用分光鏡對(duì)準(zhǔn)太陽(yáng)，因此A正確。

5.單選題

Theclassactionhasbeenfiledwithacourtafterthecommunity’sconference.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.suit

B.activity

C.report

D.examination

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。Classaction在句中表示“集體訴訟，共同訴訟”，action表示訴訟有關(guān)的行動(dòng)，A選項(xiàng)suit“訴訟”；B選項(xiàng)activity“活動(dòng)”；C選項(xiàng)report“報(bào)告”；D選項(xiàng)examination“考試，檢查”。句意：集體訴訟經(jīng)集體商議后被提交給法院。根據(jù)句意A項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

UncleGeorge’sconditionlooksveryseriousanditisdoubtfulifhewillrecover.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pullup

B.pullback

C.pullout

D.pullthrough

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞義辨析。recover表示“恢復(fù)”；A項(xiàng)pullup“拔起，阻止”，B項(xiàng)pullback“拉回，撤回”，C項(xiàng)pullout“離開(kāi)，撤離”，D項(xiàng)pullthrough“渡過(guò)難關(guān)，恢復(fù)健康”。句意：?jiǎn)讨问迨宓那闆r看來(lái)很?chē)?yán)重，他能否康復(fù)很難說(shuō)。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Thecontentsofcumbersometextsmaybeconvenientlystoredonmicrofilm.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ancient

B.technical

C.bulky

D.handsome

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。cumbersome表示“笨重的，累贅的”。A項(xiàng)ancient“古老的”，B項(xiàng)technical“工藝的，藝術(shù)的”，C項(xiàng)bulky“體積大的，笨重的”，D項(xiàng)handsome“帥氣的”。句意：繁瑣的文字內(nèi)容可以很方便地存儲(chǔ)在縮微膠片上。根據(jù)題意該題選C。

8.單選題

ForacountrysuchasBritain,______dependsonamanufacturingbasethatcanmeaninefficiency.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.who

B.it

C.that

D.which

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)，此處應(yīng)該是一個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，且不指人，而who指人，that一般不用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，it不能引導(dǎo)從句；故用which。本句句意是：對(duì)于像英國(guó)這樣依賴(lài)于一個(gè)制造基地的國(guó)家，那樣意味著低效率。D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

InthevillagesoftheEnglishcountrysidetherearestillpeoplewhorememberthegoodolddayswhennoonebotheredtolocktheirdoors.Theresimplywasn’tanycrimetoworryabout.

Amazingly,thesehappytimesappearstilltobewithusintheworld’sbiggestcommunity.AnewstudybyDanFarmer,agiftedprogrammer,usinganautomatedinvestigativeprogramofhisowncalledSATAN,showsthattheownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors.

SATANcantryoutavarietyofwell-knownhackingtricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin.Fannerhasmadetheprogrampubliclyavailable,amidmuchcriticism.Apersonwithevilintentcoulduseittohuntdownsitesthatareeasytoburgle.

ButFarmerisveryconcernedabouttheneedtoalertthepublictopoorsecurityand,sofar,eventshaveprovedhimright.SATANhasdonemoretoalertpeopletotherisksthancausenewdisorder.SoistheNetbecomingmoresecure?Farfromit.Intheearlydays,whenyouvisitedaWebsiteyourbrowsersimplylookedatthecontent.NowtheWebisfulloftinyprogramsthatautomaticallydownloadwhenyoulookataWebpage,andrunonyourownmachine.Theseprogramscould,iftheirauthorswished,doallkindsofnastythingstoyourcomputer.

Atthesametime,theNetisincreasinglypopulatedwithspiders,worms,agentsandothertypesofautomatedbeastsdesignedtopenetratethesitesandseekoutandclassifyinformation.Allthesemakewonderfultoolsforantisocialpeoplewhowanttoinvadeweaksitesandcausedamage.

Butlet’slookonthebrightside.Giventhelackoflocks,theInternetissurelytheworld’sbiggest(almost)crime-freesociety.Maybethatisbecausehackersarefundamentallyhonest.Orthattherecurrentlyisn’tmuchtosteal.Orbecausevandalismisn’tmuchfununlessyouhaveapeculiardislikeforsomeone.

Whateverthereason,let’senjoyitwhilewecan.Butexpectitalltochange,andsecuritytobecomethenumberoneissue,whenthemostinfluentialinhabitantsoftheNetaresellingservicestheywanttobepaidfor.

46.Bysaying“...ownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors”(Lines3-4,Para.2),theauthormeansthat______.

47.SATAN,aprogramdesignedbyDanFarmercanbeused______.

48.Farmer’sprogramhasbeencriticizedbythepublicbecause______.

49.Theauthor’sattitudetowardSATANis______.

50.Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthat______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thosehappytimesappearstilltobewithus

B.theresimplywasn’tanycrimetoworryabout

C.manysitesarenotwell-protected

D.hackerstryouttricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.toinvestigatethesecurityofInternetsites

B.toimprovethesecurityoftheInternetsystem

C.topreventhackersfrombreakingintowebsites

D.todownloadusefulprogramsandinformation

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.itcausesdamagetoNetbrowsers

B.itcanbreakintoInternetsites

C.itcanbeusedtocausedisorderonallsites

D.itcanbeusedbypeoplewithevilintent

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.enthusiastic

B.critical

C.positive

D.indifferent

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.weshouldmakefulluseoftheInternetbeforesecuritymeasuresarestrengthened

B.weshouldalertthemostinfluentialbusinessmentotheimportanceofsecurity

C.influentialbusinessmenshouldgiveprioritytotheimprovementofNetsecurity

D.netinhabitantsshouldnotletsecuritymeasuresaffecttheirjoyofsurfingtheInternet

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】46.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“通過(guò)提到‘…ownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors’(第2段第3-4行)，作者的意思是……”。根據(jù)第二段第二句中的usinganautomatedinvestigativeprogramofhisowncalledSATAN,showsthattheownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors.（用他自稱(chēng)為“撒旦”的自動(dòng)調(diào)查程序所做的一項(xiàng)最新研究表明，超過(guò)一半以上的萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)網(wǎng)站主人建立的家都沒(méi)有上鎖）可知，許多網(wǎng)站沒(méi)有得到很好的保護(hù)；A項(xiàng)“那些快樂(lè)的時(shí)光似乎還在我們身邊”，B項(xiàng)“根本沒(méi)有什么犯罪需要擔(dān)心”，D項(xiàng)“黑客們?cè)诰W(wǎng)站上嘗試各種技巧，但實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有入侵網(wǎng)站”都不是作者在這里想表達(dá)的。因此C項(xiàng)“許多網(wǎng)站沒(méi)有得到很好的保護(hù)”正確。

47.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“撒旦，一個(gè)由DanFarmer設(shè)計(jì)的程序可以被用來(lái)……”。根據(jù)第二段第二句usinganautomatedinvestigativeprogramofhisowncalledSATAN（用他自稱(chēng)為‘撒旦’的自動(dòng)調(diào)查程序）和第三段的第一句SATANcantryoutavarietyofwell-knownhackingtricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin.（“撒旦”可以對(duì)網(wǎng)站試驗(yàn)一系列眾所周知的黑客攻擊而不用真正闖入）可以推斷出“撒旦”這個(gè)程序是用來(lái)檢驗(yàn)網(wǎng)站是否安全，B項(xiàng)“完善互聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的安全性”，C項(xiàng)“阻止黑客闖入網(wǎng)站”，D項(xiàng)“下載有用的程序和信息”都不是“撒旦”的功能，因此A項(xiàng)“檢驗(yàn)網(wǎng)站是否安全”正確。

48.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“Farmer的項(xiàng)目受到了公眾的批評(píng)，因?yàn)椤?。根?jù)第三段第三句Apersonwithevilintentcoulduseittohuntdownsitesthatareeasytoburgle.（一個(gè)有邪惡意圖的人可以用它來(lái)搜索容易被盜竊的網(wǎng)站）可知D項(xiàng)“它可以被惡意的人利用”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“它會(huì)對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器造成損害”，和B項(xiàng)“它可以侵入互聯(lián)網(wǎng)站點(diǎn)”不是“撒旦”造成的后果，也不是這個(gè)項(xiàng)目受到公眾批評(píng)的真正原因；根據(jù)第四段第二行SATANhasdonemoretoalertpeopletotherisksthancausenewdisorder.（“撒旦”做的更多的是提醒人們注意風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而不是引起新的混亂）可知，C項(xiàng)“它可以用來(lái)在所有的網(wǎng)站上造成混亂”錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

49.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】作者態(tài)度題。題干意思是“作者對(duì)‘撒旦’的態(tài)度是……”。倒數(shù)第二段第一句提到Butlet’slookonthebrightside.Giventhelackoflocks,theInternetissurelytheworld’sbiggest(almost)crime-freesociety.（但我們也要看到光明的一面，不考慮安全因素，因特網(wǎng)幾乎是世界上最大的沒(méi)有犯罪的社會(huì)）和最后一段第一句說(shuō)道Whateverthereason,let’senjoyitwhilewecan.（不管是什么原因，讓我們?cè)谶€能享受的時(shí)候盡情享受吧），由此可推斷作者對(duì)“撒旦”的態(tài)度是積極的，因此C項(xiàng)“積極的”正確。A項(xiàng)“熱心的”，B項(xiàng)“批評(píng)的”和D項(xiàng)“漠不關(guān)心的”都不符合。因此選C正確。

50.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“文章最后一段……”。倒數(shù)第二段第一句提到Butlet’slookonthebrightside.Giventhelackoflocks,theInternetissurelytheworld’sbiggest(almost)crime-freesociety.（但我們也要看到光明的一面，不考慮安全因素，因特網(wǎng)幾乎是世界上最大的沒(méi)有犯罪的社會(huì)）和最后一段第一句說(shuō)道Whateverthereason,let’senjoyitwhilewecan.（不管是什么原因，讓我們?cè)谶€能享受的時(shí)候盡情享受吧），由此可推斷作者對(duì)“撒旦”的態(tài)度是積極的，因此C項(xiàng)“積極的”正確。A項(xiàng)“熱心的”，B項(xiàng)“批評(píng)的”和D項(xiàng)“漠不關(guān)心的”都不符合。因此選C正確。

10.單選題

Learningdisabilitiesareverycommon.Theyaffectperhaps20percentofallchildren.Fourtimesasmanyboysasgirlshavelearningdisabilities.

Sinceabout1970,newresearchhashelpedbrainscientistsunderstandtheseproblemsbetter.Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings.Thereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.

Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.Sosomeresearchersbeganlookingatthebrainitselftolearnwhatmightbewrong.

Inonestudy,researchersexaminedthebrainofalearning-disabledpersonwhohaddiedinanaccident.Theyfoundtwounusualthings.Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearningdisabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.

ThestudywascarriedoutundertheguidanceofNormanGeschwind,anearlyexpertonlearningdisabilities.DoctorGeschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.Hebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nevercellstheredidnotconnectastheyshould.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerecrossed.

Otherresearchersdidnotexaminebraintissue.Instead,theymeasuredthebrain’selectricalactivityandmadeamapoftheelectricalsignals.

FrankDuffyexperimentedwiththistechniqueatChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DoctorDuffyfoundlargedifferencesinthebrainactivityofnormalchildrenandthosewithreadingproblems.Thedifferencesappearedthroughoutthebrain.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.

46.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

47.Scientistsfoundthatthebraincellsofalearning-disabledpersondifferfromthoseofanormalpersonin______.

48.AllofthefollowingstatementsareTRUEexceptthat______.

49.DoctorDuffybelievedthat______.

50.Accordingtothepassagewecanconcludethatfurtherresearchesshouldbemade______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.

B.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromdamagetoawideareaofthebrain.

C.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromabnormalorganizationofthebraincells.

D.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromtheunknownareaofthebrain.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.structureandfunction

B.colorandarrangement

C.sizeandarrangement

D.colorandfunction

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.manyfactorsaccountforlearningdisorder

B.alearning-disabilitiesispersonshowsnooutwardsigns

C.readingdisabilitiesareacommonproblemthataffects10percentofthepopulation

D.thebrainactivityoflearning-disabledchildrenisdifferentfromthatofnormalchildren

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theproblemoflearningdisabilitieswasnotlimitedtotheleftsideofthebrain

B.theproblemoflearningdisabilitiesdidnotlieintheleftsideofthebrain

C.theproblemoflearningdisabilitiesresultedfromtheleftsideofthebrain

D.hefoundtheexactcauseoflearningdisabilities

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.toinvestigatepossibleinfluencesonbraindevelopmentandorganization

B.tostudyhowchildrenlearntoreadandwrite,andusenumbers

C.tohelplearning-disabledchildrentodeveloptheirintelligence

D.toexplorehowtheleftsideofthebrainfunctionsinlanguagelearning

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】46.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干的意思是“下列哪一項(xiàng)在文章中沒(méi)有提到？”。A項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能是由左腦問(wèn)題引起的”，第五段第二句提到DoctorGeschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.（Geschwind博士提出學(xué)習(xí)障礙主要是由左腦問(wèn)題引起的），可知A項(xiàng)在文中有提到。B項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能是由于大腦大片區(qū)域受損造成的”，文章最后一句提到DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.（杜菲醫(yī)生說(shuō)，他的研究證明，學(xué)習(xí)障礙涉及到大腦的大面積損傷，而不僅僅是左腦），可知B項(xiàng)在文中有提到。C項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能是由腦細(xì)胞的異常組織引起的”，第四段最后兩句提到Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.（研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多神經(jīng)細(xì)胞并沒(méi)有按照它們應(yīng)有的方式排成一行；神經(jīng)細(xì)胞混合在一起）可知C項(xiàng)在文中有提到。只有D項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能是由大腦的未知區(qū)域引起的”在文中沒(méi)有提及。因此該題選D。

47.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干的意思是“科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，有學(xué)習(xí)障礙的人的腦細(xì)胞在……上與正常人不同？”。根據(jù)第四段第四句Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearningdisabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.（這些細(xì)胞通常是白色的；然而，對(duì)于有學(xué)習(xí)障礙的人，這些細(xì)胞是灰色的）和第四段最后兩句Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.（研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多神經(jīng)細(xì)胞并沒(méi)有按照它們應(yīng)有的方式排成一行；神經(jīng)細(xì)胞混合在一起），由此可知，有學(xué)習(xí)障礙的人的腦細(xì)胞在顏色和結(jié)構(gòu)排列上和正常人的腦細(xì)胞不一樣。因此B項(xiàng)“顏色和排列”正確。A項(xiàng)“結(jié)構(gòu)和功能”，C項(xiàng)“大小和排列”和D項(xiàng)“顏色和功能”都只是提到一部分。因此該題選B。

48.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干的意思是“下列陳述除了哪一項(xiàng)其他都是正確的？”。A項(xiàng)“造成學(xué)習(xí)障礙的因素很多”，第二段第二句提到Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings.（科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在知道有許多不同種類(lèi)的學(xué)習(xí)障礙，它們是由許多不同的東西造成的），由此可知A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙是指沒(méi)有外在跡象的人”，第三段第二句提到Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.（沒(méi)有這種疾病的外在跡象），可知B項(xiàng)正確。C項(xiàng)“閱讀障礙是一個(gè)影響10%人口的普遍問(wèn)題”，文中只提到了正常兒童和有閱讀問(wèn)題的兒童的大腦活動(dòng)存在很大差異，沒(méi)有提到閱讀障礙影響了多少人口比例，C項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。D項(xiàng)“有學(xué)習(xí)障礙的兒童的大腦活動(dòng)與正常兒童不同”，根據(jù)第四段第二句Theyfoundtwounusualthings.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩件不尋常的事情）可知，D項(xiàng)也正確。因此該題選C。

49.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干的意思是“Duffy博士相信……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章的最后一段DoctorDuffyfoundlargedifferencesinthebrainactivityofnormalchildrenandthosewithreadingproblems.Thedifferencesappearedthroughoutthebrain.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.（達(dá)菲醫(yī)生發(fā)現(xiàn)，正常兒童和有閱讀問(wèn)題的兒童的大腦活動(dòng)存在很大差異。這種差異出現(xiàn)在整個(gè)大腦中。杜菲醫(yī)生說(shuō)，他的研究證明，學(xué)習(xí)障礙涉及到大腦的大面積損傷，而不僅僅是左腦。），由這一段內(nèi)容可知，Duffy博士相信學(xué)習(xí)障礙兒童的大腦活動(dòng)差異是出現(xiàn)在整個(gè)大腦中，而不僅僅是左腦，所以A項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙的問(wèn)題并不局限于左腦”正確。B項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙的問(wèn)題并不在于左腦”，這是偷換概念，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙的問(wèn)題是由左腦引起的”，內(nèi)容與原文不符；D項(xiàng)“他找到了學(xué)習(xí)障礙的確切原因”，內(nèi)容有點(diǎn)過(guò)度解讀，Duffy博士并未強(qiáng)調(diào)這是學(xué)習(xí)障礙的確切原因。因此該題選A。

50.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“根據(jù)本文，我們可以得出結(jié)論，需要進(jìn)一步研究……”。文章全篇內(nèi)容主要是關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)障礙患者的大腦的生長(zhǎng)和組織方式，所以可以推斷，我們需要進(jìn)一步研究會(huì)影響大腦發(fā)育和構(gòu)造布局的因素，所以A項(xiàng)“研究對(duì)大腦發(fā)育和組織的可能影響”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“研究孩子們?nèi)绾螌W(xué)習(xí)讀寫(xiě)和使用數(shù)字”，這與文章內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)，B項(xiàng)不選；C項(xiàng)“幫助有學(xué)習(xí)障礙的兒童發(fā)展智力”，文章已經(jīng)提到學(xué)習(xí)障礙患者可能涉及大腦大面積損傷，所以再來(lái)討論如何幫助有學(xué)習(xí)障礙的兒童發(fā)展智力沒(méi)有意義，C項(xiàng)也不選；D項(xiàng)“探索左腦在語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)中的作用”，文中末段提到學(xué)習(xí)障礙涉及整個(gè)大腦全面損傷，所以不可能會(huì)進(jìn)一步研究左腦，D項(xiàng)不符合。因此該題選A。

11.單選題

Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirror—theglassofaroofinagreenhousewhichallowsthesun’sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.

Accordingtoaweatherexpert’sprediction,theatmospherewillbe3warmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarminguptookplace,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetersandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationoftheearth’schieffood-growingzones.

Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthinkericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming:inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.

SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.

However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?

Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand“cold”spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror“colder”facestotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheearth’satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsovariableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.

Scientistsarenowfindingmutualrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolar-weatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.

41.Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould______.

42.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain______.

43.Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthernhemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis______.

44.Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsareoftheopinionthat______.

45.IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect,______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.preventthesun’sraysfromreachingtheearth’ssurface

B.meanawarmingupintheArctic

C.accountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthernhemisphere

D.raisethetemperatureoftheearth’ssurface

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thegreenhouseeffect

B.thesolareffectsontheearth

C.themodelsofsolar-weatherinteractions

D.thecauseaffectingweather

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearerising

B.possiblybecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremelting

C.exclusivelyduetotheeffectoftheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate

D.partlyduetovariationsintheoutputofsolarenergy

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcooler

B.itwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaoftheearth’sclimatetotakeeffect

C.theman-madewarmingeffecthelpstoincreasethesolareffects

D.thenewIceAgewillbedelayedbythegreenhouseeffect

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffectwouldbetoburnmorefuels

B.icewouldsooncoverthenorthernhemisphere

C.theincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmospherecouldwarmuptheearthevenmorequickly

D.thegreenhouseeffectcouldworktotheadvantageoftheearth

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】41.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“可以得出結(jié)論的是，大氣中二氧化碳的濃度將會(huì)……”。根據(jù)文章第一段carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirror—theglassofaroofinagreenhousewhichallowsthesun’sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.（二氧化碳的作用就像一面單向鏡子——溫室屋頂?shù)牟Ａ?，它允許陽(yáng)光進(jìn)入，但阻止熱量逸出。）可知A項(xiàng)“阻止太陽(yáng)光線到達(dá)地球表面”，內(nèi)容與文章內(nèi)容相反；B項(xiàng)“意味著北極的氣候變暖”，第三段最后兩句提到ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming:inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.（但是，氣象專(zhuān)家現(xiàn)在把更多的注意力放在了南極西部，那里可能只會(huì)受到幾度的變暖的影響：換句話說(shuō)，由于燃料的燃燒，在未來(lái)的50年里可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣的變暖），由此可知，現(xiàn)在南極氣溫更容易受氣候變暖的影響，所以B項(xiàng)內(nèi)容不準(zhǔn)確；C項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致了北半球氣候的巨大變化”，內(nèi)容與原文所說(shuō)正相反，第五段第一句提到However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.（然而，大部分燃料是在北半球燃燒的，那里的氣溫似乎正在下降），由此可知二氧化碳會(huì)使大氣溫度上升，但事實(shí)上氣溫卻在降低，所以是無(wú)法用二氧化碳來(lái)解釋北半球氣溫變化的，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第四段最后兩句話Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.（現(xiàn)有的證據(jù)表明氣候已經(jīng)變暖。這符合二氧化碳使地球變暖的理論。）可知D項(xiàng)“提高地球表面的溫度”符合題意。因此該題選D。

42.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“文章是用來(lái)解釋……”。從全文來(lái)看，作者主要探討了兩種對(duì)大氣溫度變化產(chǎn)生影響的原因——人為因素和自然因素。若以人為原因?yàn)橹?，現(xiàn)在的大氣溫度應(yīng)比以前更高，但事實(shí)上相反，大氣溫度似乎在下降；若以自然原因?yàn)橹?，現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該進(jìn)入一個(gè)新的冰河時(shí)代，但是又沒(méi)有，說(shuō)明二氧化碳與太陽(yáng)在相互影響著大氣的溫度，只有D項(xiàng)“影響天氣的原因”全面表達(dá)了文章的內(nèi)容，即解釋影響天氣的原因。A項(xiàng)“溫室效應(yīng)”和B項(xiàng)“太陽(yáng)對(duì)地球的影響”都只是其中一個(gè)原因，不夠全面。C項(xiàng)“太陽(yáng)-天氣相互作用的模型”太片面，也不選。因此該題選D。

43.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“雖然北半球的燃料消耗較大，但那里的氣溫似乎在下降。這是……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章的第五段第二句Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.（因此，科學(xué)家得出結(jié)論，到目前為止，自然對(duì)天氣的影響已經(jīng)超過(guò)了人類(lèi)造成的影響），接著作者在第六段提到Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesunitsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.（一種可能是太陽(yáng)的變化……它的熱量輸出呈周期性上升和下降，最新的趨勢(shì)是下降），由此可知，影響北半球氣溫下降的原因有一部分是自然的影響，因此D項(xiàng)“部分原因是太陽(yáng)能輸出的變化”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“主要是因?yàn)槎趸嫉暮吭谏仙?，第七段提到Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.（如果這是正確的，那么二氧化碳的變暖效應(yīng)可能會(huì)起到有效的平衡太陽(yáng)熱量遞減的作用），由此可知，大氣中不斷上升的二氧化碳濃度能平衡氣溫中不斷消失的太陽(yáng)熱量，所以A項(xiàng)內(nèi)容不正確；B項(xiàng)“可能是因?yàn)閮蓸O的冰蓋正在融化”，與題干無(wú)關(guān)；C項(xiàng)“這完全是由于地球氣候慣性的影響”，內(nèi)容太絕對(duì)。因此該題選D。

44.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)他們的模型，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為……”。根據(jù)文章的第七段的第二句話…thatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAge（這些模型預(yù)測(cè)世界將進(jìn)入一個(gè)新的冰河時(shí)代，但事實(shí)并非如此），由此可知科學(xué)家認(rèn)為氣候應(yīng)該變得更冷，因此A項(xiàng)“世界的氣候應(yīng)該會(huì)變得更冷”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“地球氣候的慣性將需要數(shù)千年才能起作用”，最后一段倒數(shù)第二句Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate.（解決這一理論難題的一種方法是假設(shè)有數(shù)千年的延遲，而太陽(yáng)效應(yīng)克服了地球氣候的慣性），根據(jù)這個(gè)句子可知文章提到太陽(yáng)效應(yīng)克服地球氣候的慣性是用來(lái)對(duì)科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為的模型預(yù)測(cè)世界將進(jìn)入一個(gè)新的冰河時(shí)代的一種假設(shè)，不符合題意；C項(xiàng)“人為的變暖效應(yīng)有助于增加太陽(yáng)效應(yīng)”，文章最后一句提到thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.（二氧化碳的變暖效應(yīng)可能會(huì)起到有效的平衡太陽(yáng)熱量遞減的作用），因此C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D項(xiàng)“新的冰川期將被溫室效應(yīng)推遲”，文章中科學(xué)家做出的假設(shè)是太陽(yáng)效應(yīng)克服了地球氣候的這種慣性，所以D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此該題選A。

45.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“如果新冰河世紀(jì)延遲的假設(shè)是正確的，那么……”。文章最后兩句話提到Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.（解決這一理論難題的一種方法是假設(shè)有數(shù)千年的延遲，而太陽(yáng)效應(yīng)克服了地球氣候的慣性。如果這是正確的，那么二氧化碳的變暖效應(yīng)可能會(huì)起到有效的平衡太陽(yáng)熱量遞減的作用），可知如果新冰河世紀(jì)延遲的假設(shè)是正確的，溫室效應(yīng)可以平衡太陽(yáng)熱量遞減的作用，因此對(duì)地球是有利的，這與D項(xiàng)“溫室效應(yīng)可能對(duì)地球有利”符合；A項(xiàng)“克服這種冷卻效應(yīng)的最好方法是燃燒更多的燃料”原文未提及；B項(xiàng)“冰很快就會(huì)覆蓋北半球”，第五段首句提到mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere（大部分燃料是在北半球燃燒的），所以B項(xiàng)內(nèi)容不正確；C項(xiàng)“大氣中二氧化碳含量的增加會(huì)使地球更快地變暖”，不是變暖，而是平衡太陽(yáng)熱量的遞減，C項(xiàng)也不正確。因此該題選D。

12.單選題

Thelegislationofacountryrecentlyconsideredabilldesignedtoreducetheuncertaintyinherentintheownershipofartbyspecifyingcertainconditionsthatmustbemetbeforeanallegedlystolenworkofartcanbereclaimedofbyaplaintiff.Thebillplacestheburdenofproofinreclamationlitigationentirelyontheplaintiff,whomustdemonstratethattheholderofanitemknewatthetimeofpurchasethatithadbeenstolen.Additionally,thebillcreatesauniformnationalstatuteoflimitationsforreclamationofstolenculturalproperty.

Testifyinginsupportofthebill,JamesD.Burke,acitizenofthecountryandoneofitsleadingartmuseumdirectors,specificallypraisedtheinclusionofastatuteoflimitations;otherwise,hesaid,othercountriescouldseektoreclaimvaluableartobjects,nomatterhowlongtheyhavebeenheldbythecurrentownerorhowlegitimatelytheywereacquired.Anycountrycouldenactapatrimonylawstatingthatanythingevermadewithintheboundariesofthatcountryisitsculturalproperty.Burkeexpressedthefearthatwidespreadreclamationlitigationwouldleadtoruinouslegaldefensecostsformuseums.

However,becausesuchreclamationsuitshavenotyetbeenaproblem,thereislittlebasisforBurke’sconcern.Infact,theproposedlegislationwouldestablishtoomanyunjustifiablebarrierstothelocationandrecoveryofstolenobjects.Themainbarrieristhatthebillconsiderstheannouncementofanarttransactioninamuseumpublicationtobeadequateevidenceofanattempttonotifyapossibleowner.Therearefartoomanysuchpublicationsforthevictimofathefttosurvey,andwithonlythisformofdisclosure,astolenobjectcouldeasilyremaintheobjecttoascholarforverificationthatitisnotstolen,butitisarareacademicwhoisawareofanybutthemostpublicizedartthefts.Moreover,thetimelimitspecifiedbythestatuteoflimitationsisveryshort,andtherequirementthattheplaintiffdemonstratethattheholderhadknowledgeofthetheftisunrealistic.Typically,stolenartchangeshandsseveraltimesbeforerisingtothelevelinthemarketplacewhereacuratororcollectorwouldseeit.Atthatpoint,theobjectbearsnotraceoftheinitialtransactionbetweenthethiefandthefirstpurchaser,perhapstheonlyoneinthechainwhoknowinglyacquiredastolenworkofart.

Thus,theneedfornewlegislationtoprotectholdersofartisnotobvious.Rather,whatisnecessaryislegislationremedyingthedifficultiesthatlegitimateownersofworksofart,andcountriesfromwhichsuchworkshavebeenstolen,haveinlocationandreclaimingthesestolenworks.

51.Whichoneofthefollowingmostaccuratelysummarizesthemainpointofthepassage?

52.WhichoneofthefollowingisanexampleofthekindofactionthatBurkefearedwouldposeaseriousthreattomuseumsinhiscountry?

53.Accordingtothepassage,Burkeenvisagedthemostformidablepotentialadversariesofhiscountry’smuseumsinreclamationlitigationtobe______.

54.Whichoneofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowardtheproposedbill?

55.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexemplifiesthesortoflegislationconsiderednecessarybytheauthorofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Variouslegaldisputeshaverecentlyarisenthatdemonstratetheneedforlegislationclarifyingthelegalpositionofmuseumsinsuitsinvolvingtherepossessionofculturalproperty.

B.Abillintendedtopreventothergovernmentsfromrecoveringculturalpropertywasrecentlyintroducedintothelegislatureofacountryatthebehestofitsmuseumdirectors.

C.Abillintendedtoprotectgood-faithpurchasersofworksofartfromreclamationlitigationisunnecessaryandfailstoaddresstheneedsoflegitimateownersattemptingtorecoverstolenartworks.

D.Clashesbetweenmuseumprofessionalsandmembersoftheacademiccommunityregardinggovernmentallegislationoftheartscanbestberesolvedbynegotiationandarbitration,notbylitigation.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A