2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)80

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

ForacountrysuchasBritain,______dependsonamanufacturingbasethatcanmeaninefficiency.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.who

B.it

C.that

D.which

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)，此處應(yīng)該是一個(gè)非限定性定語從句。先行詞在從句中作主語，且不指人，而who指人，that一般不用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，it不能引導(dǎo)從句；故用which。本句句意是：對(duì)于像英國這樣依賴于一個(gè)制造基地的國家，那樣意味著低效率。D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Theideathatboththeparentsandthecommunityareresponsibleforthewell-beingofminorshasgainedacceptanceonlyinthetwentieth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.welfare

B.welcome

C.appearance

D.speech

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。well-being表示“幸福，康樂”。A項(xiàng)welfare“福利”，B項(xiàng)welcome“歡迎，接受”，C項(xiàng)appearance“外貌，外觀”，D項(xiàng)speech“演講”；句意：父母和社會(huì)都應(yīng)該對(duì)未成年人的幸福負(fù)責(zé)的觀點(diǎn)直到二十世紀(jì)才得到接受。根據(jù)句意該題選A。

3.單選題

Themostimportantpartsofthecollectionareinaccessibletoscholar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notuseful

B.notattractive

C.notclear

D.notavailable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。inaccessible表示“難接近的，難達(dá)到的”；A項(xiàng)notuseful“沒有用的”，B項(xiàng)notattractive“不吸引人的”，C項(xiàng)notclear“不清楚的”，D項(xiàng)notavailable“難以獲得的，不能利用的”。句意：學(xué)者們無法看到收藏的最重要的部分。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Sometimes,whilelivinginaforeigncountry,onecravesaspecialdishfromhome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.desires

B.eats

C.prepares

D.orders

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞義辨析。crave表示“渴望，懇求”；A項(xiàng)desire“想要，渴望”，B項(xiàng)eat“吃”，C項(xiàng)prepare“準(zhǔn)備”，D項(xiàng)order“命令，下單”。句意：生活在異國他鄉(xiāng)時(shí)，有時(shí)會(huì)想吃家鄉(xiāng)的特色菜。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Whenpeoplespeakofsolarenergy,theythinkonlyofthesun’sraysheatingahomeor______electricityfromthesun.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.derive

B.ofderiving

C.deriving

D.toderive

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法。Thinkof后面應(yīng)該接名詞或者動(dòng)名詞，故排除A、B、D項(xiàng)，只有C項(xiàng)正確。句意：當(dāng)人們談到太陽能時(shí)，他們想到的只是用太陽的光線來加熱房屋或從太陽中獲得電力。因此該題選C。

6.單選題

He______youunlessyouhadspokenslowly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.didn’tunderstand

B.wouldn’tunderstand

C.wouldn’thaveunderstood

D.hadn’tunderstood

【答案】C

【解析】考查條件句。連詞unless意為“除非……如果不……，除了……”，一般用來引導(dǎo)一個(gè)否定意義的真實(shí)條件句，有時(shí)也可引導(dǎo)非真實(shí)條件句，相當(dāng)于ifnot。從句表示對(duì)過去事實(shí)的否定，主句應(yīng)該用wouldhavedone；A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)缺少情態(tài)動(dòng)詞would,故不選；B項(xiàng)缺少have。句意：他不理解，除非你說慢點(diǎn)。根據(jù)句意和語法，正確答案為C。

7.單選題

Causeandeffectrelationshipsareoftenexpressedwithoutanyovertmarkers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.masked

B.evident

C.circular

D.inoperable

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。overt表示“明顯的，外顯的”；A項(xiàng)masked“戴面具的，潛伏的”，B項(xiàng)evident“明顯的，明白的”，C項(xiàng)circular“循環(huán)的，圓形的”，D項(xiàng)inoperable“不實(shí)用的”。句意：因果關(guān)系的表達(dá)往往沒有任何明顯的標(biāo)記。因此B項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Theladywasinanguishuntilsheknewthatherhusband’slifewassavedfinally.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distress

B.despair

C.question

D.dilemma

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。anguish表示“痛苦，苦惱”；A項(xiàng)distress“不幸，悲痛”，B項(xiàng)despair“絕望，喪失信心”，C項(xiàng)question“詢問，懷疑”，D項(xiàng)dilemma“進(jìn)退兩難”。句意：那位女士非常痛苦，直到她知道她丈夫的生命終于得救。根據(jù)句意該題選A。

9.單選題

Alltheseprojectsrequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperly,requiringmoremoneythan______throughtaxesalonetoday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.israised

B.beingraised

C.toberaised

D.raising

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法。than為介詞，后面要用-ing形式，故A項(xiàng)排除；因?yàn)槎愂帐潜徽魇?，故D項(xiàng)排除；通過today可知，不含有將來之意，C項(xiàng)排除；句意：如果需要他們?yōu)槲覀兎?wù)，所有這些項(xiàng)目都需要對(duì)新設(shè)備和新的發(fā)展做出連續(xù)不斷的支出，比要多于今天單獨(dú)通過稅收得來的資金。故正確答案為B。

10.單選題

Alllivingorganismsconstantlyabsorbcarbon14______theirexistence.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.out

B.about

C.around

D.throughout

【答案】D

【解析】考查介詞辨析。A項(xiàng)out“向外”，B項(xiàng)about“大約，關(guān)于”，C項(xiàng)around“圍繞”，D項(xiàng)throughout“自始至終，遍及”。句意：所有生物在其生存過程中都會(huì)不斷地吸收碳14。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Ihavedone,______mycircumstancesandmycharacter,whatIhavebeenabletodoandIhaveenjoyedit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.togive

B.giving

C.given

D.havinggiven

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法。give表示“給予”，這里是一個(gè)介詞引導(dǎo)的原因狀語，given做介詞可以表示“考慮到，鑒于”，作原因狀語；因此排除B項(xiàng)give的現(xiàn)在分詞和D項(xiàng)give的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的分詞形式；A項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞不定式表目的；句意：考慮到我的情況和我的性格，我做了我能做的，我也很享受所做的一切。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

12.問答題

Directions:Inthispartthereisapagefromthelocaltelephonedirectorygivinginformationaboutvariousservices.Readthefollowingsituationsanddecidewhichnumberyouwouldtelephone.Thefirstonehasbeendoneasanexample.WriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.

INSTANTCALLGUIDEDirectoryAssistance

Forunknown,newandalterednumbers……………019

Local……………...019

International…………………055

FaultsandServiceDifficulties

Local……………088

International…………………044

BusinessCustomerFaults…………………...008

OperatorConnectedCalls

Fromaprivatephone…………..076

Fromapayphone…………………042

Chargeenquiries………………….066

InternationalTelegrams……………………...093

Wakeup/remindercalls……………………...012

Telephonebillenquiries………………...……17489

Example:

Youwanttohaveamorningcall.

Answer:012

66.Youwanttosendaninternationaltelegram.

________________________________________________________________________

67.Youaretryingtocalllocallybutthetelephoneisnotworkingproperly.

________________________________________________________________________

68.Youwanttoknowhowmuchitwillcosttotelephoneyourhomecountry.

________________________________________________________________________

69.Youhavetotelephoneyourlocalkindergartenbutyoudonotknowthenumber.

________________________________________________________________________

70.Yourinternationalphonecallwascutoffwhileyouwerespeaking.

________________________________________________________________________

【答案】66.093

67.088

68.066

69.019

70.044

【解析】66.題干是：你想發(fā)一封國際電報(bào)。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞internationaltelegram可知答案為093。

67.題干是：你想打本地電話，但電話不能正常工作。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞locally和notworkingproperly可知答案為088。

68.題干是：你想知道打電話到本國需要多少錢。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞howmuch和cost可知答案為066。

69.題干是：你必須給當(dāng)?shù)氐挠變簣@打電話，但你不知道號(hào)碼。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞donotknowthenumber可知答案為019。

70.題干是：你說話的時(shí)候，國際電話被切斷了。根據(jù)問題可知這屬于FaultsandServiceDifficulties（故障和業(yè)務(wù)問題），結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞international可知答案為044。

13.填空題

Directions:Inthispartyouwillreadapassageandasummaryofit.Thenfillinthespacesinthesummarywithamaximumofthreewordsfromthepassage.WriteyouranswersOntheAnswerSheet.

ToughSensorCanTaketheHeatAnewgassensormadefromanickel’sworthofmaterialscanendurehightemperatures,corrosion,vibrations,andexposuretowater,accordingtoitsinventorsatArgonneNationalLaboratoryinIllinois.Thetinysensordetectsavarietyofgases.

Conventionalsiliconsensorsdonotworkwellattemperaturesabove150°F.ButArgonne’snewsensor,madeofceramicsandmetals,isnotaffectedbyhightemperatures.“Thematerialsinthissensorbehavewellthroughawiderangeoftemperatures.”saysMichaelVogt,acontrolsystemsengineeratArgonne.

Vogtandhiscolleaguesmadethesensorbyfilm-screeninglayersofceramicandmetalonaceramicsubstrate—thenfiringthesensorinanindustrialovenatmorethanl000°C.TheArgonneresearcherssetouttobuildasensorthatwoulddetectoverheatingcomputercomponents.Beforeanoverheatingcomponentfails,andpossiblyignites,epoxyinthecircuitboardsreleasesagas.TheArgonnesensorcandetectthisvaporandcutoffpowertothecircuit.

Thedevicesensesgasesbyapplyingasteadilyincreasingvoltageacrossitselectricalleadsandmonitoringcurrentspikesinducedasgasesreactonthesensor’ssurface.Eachgasreactsatacharacteristicvoltage,andthesizeofthecurrentspikeindicatesthe“signature”ofseveralrepresentativeorganicsolvents.

Thesensorcouldbeusedtomonitorhydrocarbonemissionsfromcars;today’stypicalsensorsonlymeasureoxygen.Thesensorcouldalsomonitorgasesinindustrialchemicalprocesses.

Summaryofthepassage:

Anewsensormadeofceramicsandmetalscanendurecorrosion,vibrations,exposuretowater,and66__,whilenotaffectedby67__.Aseachgasreactsata68__,thedeviceappliesasteadilyincreasingvoltageandmonitorscurrentspikesinduced.69ofwhichindicatestheconcentrationofthegases.Conventionalsensorsontheotherhand,donotworkwellattemperaturesabove150°Fandcouldbeusedonlyto70__.

【答案】66.detectgases

67.hightemperatures

68.characteristicvoltage

69.the“signature”

70.measureoxygen

【解析】66.文章開篇描述了Anewgassensormadefromanickel’sworthofmaterialscanendurehightemperatures,corrosion,vibrations,andexposuretowater...Thetinysensordetectsavarietyofgases.（一種由鎳含量的材料制成的新型氣體傳感器可以經(jīng)受高溫、腐蝕、振動(dòng)和暴露在水里……這個(gè)微小的傳感器能探測到各種氣體），其他幾個(gè)在摘要提到了，所以這里需要寫的是偵察氣體。因此填detectgases。

67.文章開篇描述了Anewgassensormadefromanickel'sworthofmaterialscanendurehightemperatures,corrosion,vibrations,andexposuretowater...Thetinysensordetectsavarietyofgases.（一種由鎳含量的材料制成的新型氣體傳感器可以經(jīng)受高溫、腐蝕、振動(dòng)和暴露在水里……這個(gè)微小的傳感器能探測到各種氣體），上一空已經(jīng)提到了偵察氣體，所以這一空應(yīng)該填入抗高溫，因?yàn)榍懊嬗蟹穸ㄔ~not，所以空格處填入hightemperatures。

68.根據(jù)第四段第二句話提到Eachgasreactsatacharacteristicvoltage（每種氣體在一個(gè)特征電壓下反應(yīng)）可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入characteristicvoltage。

69.根據(jù)第四段第二句話提到Eachgasreactsatacharacteristicvoltage,andthesizeofthecurrentspikeindicatesthe“signature”ofseveralrepresentativeorganicsolvents.（每種氣體在一個(gè)特征電壓下反應(yīng)，而脈沖的大小表明了幾種代表性有機(jī)溶劑的“特征”）可知，脈沖的不同特征暗示了不同氣體，所以空格處應(yīng)該填入the“signature”。

70.根據(jù)最后一段第一句today’stypicalsensorsonlymeasureoxygen（今天的典型傳感器只測量氧氣）可知，傳統(tǒng)的傳感器在150°F以上的溫度下不能很好地工作，只能用于測量氧氣；所以空格處應(yīng)該填入measureoxygen。

14.單選題

InthemonthsandyearsthatfollowedasItraversedtheNorthwestPassage,Icametoacceptsuchsurprisesascommonplace.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.passedover

B.passedaway

C.passedon

D.passedacross

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。traverse表示“穿過，來回移動(dòng)”；A項(xiàng)passover“越過，忽略”，B項(xiàng)passaway“去世，停止”，C項(xiàng)passon“傳遞，繼續(xù)下去”，D項(xiàng)passacross“橫穿”。句意：在接下來的幾個(gè)月和幾年里，當(dāng)我穿越西北航道時(shí)，我漸漸接受了這樣的驚喜，認(rèn)為這是司空見慣的事。根據(jù)句意該題選D。

15.單選題

Inthelongrun,thenewsystem,whichisuniformandsimpler,willsavemoney.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inthecourseoflongexperience

B.Onaccountoffinancialdifficulties

C.Withtheviewofenrichingthepeople

D.Inthelightofeconomicreckoning

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞義辨析。Inthelongrun表示“從長遠(yuǎn)看”；A項(xiàng)Inthecourseoflongexperience“在長期經(jīng)驗(yàn)的過程中”，B項(xiàng)Onaccountoffinancialdifficulties“因?yàn)樨?cái)政困難”，C項(xiàng)Withtheviewofenrichingthepeople“以富民的觀點(diǎn)”，D項(xiàng)Inthelightofeconomicreckoning“根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)算”。句意：從長遠(yuǎn)來看，統(tǒng)一且更簡單的新系統(tǒng)將節(jié)省資金。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Doyouforgettoturnofffilelightsandheaterswhenyougooutofaroom?In2040itwillnotmater.Theywillturnthemselvesoff—andonagainwhenyoureturn.Youwillchoosethetemperatureforeachroom,thelightingandthehumidity.Asensorwilldetectthepresenceofahuman(and,withluck,ignorethedog!)andturnthesystemson,andwhenthehumansleaveitwillturnthemoffagain.

Thesensorswillworkthroughthecentralhomecomputer,andtheywilldomuchmorethanjustturnthefiresandlightsonandoffforyou.Theywilldetectfaultyelectricalappliances,plugsorswitches,isolatethemsothattheycannotharmanyone,andthenwarnyouthattheyneedrepair.Theywilldetectfireandifyouareoutofthehouse,thecomputerwillcallthefirebrigade.Itwillalsocallthepoliceshouldthesensorsdetectanintruder.Thiswillnotbedifficultbecausethelocksontheoutsidedoorswillbeelectronic.Youwillopenthemusingyourpersonalcard—theoneyouuseforshopping—maybeusinganumberknownonlytoyou.

Itwillbeimpossibletolosethekey,andahousebreakerwillhavetotamperwiththelockorwithawindow.Itisnotverydifficulttomakesuchtamperingsendasignaltothecomputer.

Thecomputerwillbemorethanafireman—policeman-servant.Itwillbeanentertainer,andmostofyourentertainmentwillcomerightintoyourhome.Itdoesnow,ofcourse,butby2040“entertainment”willmeanmuchmore.Foronething,youwillbeabletotakepartactively,ratherthanjustwatching.

51.Theauthorintendstotellusthat______.

52.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

53.Accordingtotheauthor,in2040,newtechnology______.

54.Thankstocomputers,in2040people______.

55.Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.in2040wewilllivewithoutthelightsandheaters

B.in2040wewillusemuchmorelightsandheaters

C.in2040therewillbenoswitchesoflightsandheaters

D.in2040lightsandheaterswillbeonandoffautomatically

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thesensorismulti-functional.

B.Withoutacomputer,thesensorcannotdomuch.

C.Thesensorwilldetectfireandmakeanemergencycall.

D.Youcanbetakenforanintruderifyoutamperwiththelockorwithawindow.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.willfreeusfromthekeysweusetoday

B.willturneverythingintosensors

C.willmakethelocksoutofdate

D.willeliminateallcrimes

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.willhavenoentertainmentoutside

B.willreplaceTVwithcomputers

C.willbecontrolledbycomputers

D.willhavemorefunathome

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.SensorsandComputers

B.LifeatHomeintheYear2040

C.TheDevelopmentofScienceandTechnology

D.LightsandHeatersintheYear2040

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】51.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“作者想要告訴我們……”。根據(jù)文章開篇第二、三句In2040itwillnotmater.Theywillturnthemselvesoff—andonagainwhenyoureturn.（到了2040年，這就不重要了。它們會(huì)自動(dòng)關(guān)閉，當(dāng)你回來的時(shí)候再打開）可知，作者想要告訴我們到了2040年，電燈和熱水器會(huì)自動(dòng)打開和關(guān)閉，因此D項(xiàng)“2040年，電燈和加熱器將會(huì)自動(dòng)開關(guān)”正確。A項(xiàng)“2040年，我們將生活在沒有燈和暖氣的情況下”，B項(xiàng)“到2040年，我們將使用更多的燈和加熱器”和C項(xiàng)“2040年將不再有電燈和暖氣的開關(guān)”，都不對(duì)，故該題選D。

52.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“下列哪一項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的？”。根據(jù)第二段第一句Thesensorswillworkthroughthecentralhomecomputer,andtheywilldomuchmorethanjustturnthefiresandlightsonandoffforyou.（傳感器將通過中央家庭計(jì)算機(jī)工作，它們將做更多的事情，而不僅僅是為你打開和關(guān)閉火和燈）可知，傳感器是多功能的，而且如果沒有計(jì)算機(jī)，傳感器做不了多少事情；由此可知A項(xiàng)“傳感器是多功能的”和B項(xiàng)“沒有計(jì)算機(jī)，傳感器不能做很多事情”正確；C項(xiàng)“傳感器將探測到火災(zāi)并發(fā)出緊急呼叫”，根據(jù)第二段第三句Theywilldetectfireandifyouareoutofthehouse,thecomputerwillcallthefirebrigade.（它們會(huì)探測到火災(zāi)，如果你不在家，電腦就會(huì)呼叫消防隊(duì)）可知，C項(xiàng)也正確；D項(xiàng)“如果你亂動(dòng)門鎖或窗戶，你會(huì)被認(rèn)為是入侵者”，第四段提到Itwillbeimpossibletolosethekey,andahousebreakerwillhavetotamperwiththelockorwithawindow.Itisnotverydifficulttomakesuchtamperingsendasignaltothecomputer.（鑰匙是不可能丟的，而破門而入的人就得在鎖上或窗戶上亂動(dòng)。要使這種篡改行為向計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)送信號(hào)并不困難），這里只是說如果有闖入者，那么他需要破解門窗鎖的密碼，這種破解會(huì)很輕易地被電腦感知到；而不是說如果你要改變門窗鎖你就會(huì)被當(dāng)作闖入者。所以D項(xiàng)不對(duì)。故該題選D。

53.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)作者，到2040年新科技會(huì)……”。A項(xiàng)“將把我們從現(xiàn)在的使用鑰匙中解放出來”，第二段最后一句Youwillopenthemusingyourpersonalcard—theoneyouuseforshopping—maybeusinganumberknownonlytoyou.（您將使用您的個(gè)人卡——購物時(shí)使用的那張——打開它們，可能使用的號(hào)碼只有您自己知道）可知，到2040年人們將不再使用鑰匙來開鎖，所以A項(xiàng)正確；B項(xiàng)“將一切都變成傳感器”，文中沒有提到，且該項(xiàng)太絕對(duì)；C項(xiàng)“會(huì)使門鎖過時(shí)”，文中只是說不需要鎖了，沒有說門鎖過時(shí)，所以項(xiàng)也不選；D項(xiàng)“將消除所有犯罪”，新科技可以更好的增強(qiáng)防御系統(tǒng)，但是不能消除所有犯罪，太絕對(duì)，該項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故該題選A。

54.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“由于有計(jì)算機(jī)，到2040年人們將……”。最后一段講到Thecomputerwillbemorethanafireman—policeman-servant.Itwillbeanentertainer,andmostofyourentertainmentwillcomerightintoyourhome.Itdoesnow,ofcourse,butby2040“entertainment”willmeanmuchmore.（計(jì)算機(jī)將不僅僅是一個(gè)消防員和警察的仆人。它將是一個(gè)娛樂，你的大部分娛樂將直接進(jìn)入你的家。當(dāng)然，現(xiàn)在是這樣，但到2040年，“娛樂”的意義將大得多），由此可知電腦可以在家里提供給人們更多的娛樂；而沒說人們不能出門娛樂，或不需要電視，或者被電腦控制，因此A項(xiàng)“在外面沒有娛樂”，B項(xiàng)“將用電腦取代電視”和C項(xiàng)“將被計(jì)算機(jī)控制”均錯(cuò)誤；只有D項(xiàng)“在家里會(huì)有更多的樂趣”符合題意。故該題選D。

55.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章最好的題目是……”。全文講的是2040年科技發(fā)展給人們家居生活帶來的便利。A項(xiàng)“傳感器和計(jì)算機(jī)”，題目太大，過于總結(jié)文章內(nèi)容；B項(xiàng)“2040年的家庭生活”很好的概括了文章的內(nèi)容，符合題意；C項(xiàng)“科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展”偏離了文章主旨；D項(xiàng)“2040年的燈和加熱器”過于狹窄，不能表達(dá)技術(shù)的創(chuàng)新對(duì)生活品質(zhì)的提升。故該題選B。

17.單選題

Atthefarendofakaleidoscope______,onemadeofclearglassandtheotherofgroundglass.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.twoplatesare

B.twoplatesarethere

C.aretwoplatesthere

D.aretwoplates

【答案】D

【解析】考查倒裝。介詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句提前，主句需要部分倒裝。此句的主語是twoplates，故謂語動(dòng)詞are需要提到主語之前，補(bǔ)充說明，如果是therebe結(jié)構(gòu)則應(yīng)保持正常順序不變。句意：萬花筒的遠(yuǎn)端有兩塊板，一塊是透明玻璃，另一塊是磨砂玻璃。故正確答案為D。

18.單選題

Onestudyhasfoundthatjobapplicantswhomakemoreeyecontactsareperceivedasmorealert,dependable,confidentandresponsiblethan______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thosewhodon’t

B.thosewhoaren’t

C.themwhodidn’t

D.themwhoweren’t

【答案】A

【解析】考查語法。those指代前面的jobapplicants，who引導(dǎo)定語從句，因?yàn)楸苊庵貜?fù)，所以后面略賓語，而用do代替前面的make一詞，A項(xiàng)符合句意。B項(xiàng)謂語動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)代詞使用錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。句意：一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些能有更多目光接觸的求職者比沒有足夠目光接觸的求職者被視為更加機(jī)智，可靠，自信并且附有責(zé)任心。故正確答案為A。

19.單選題

ThemonthwhichstartedwiththefallofRomewitnessedalsothefallofothercitiesandtheGermanFortresswassuccessfullybesieged.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.suppressed

B.surveyed

C.surrounded

D.surrendered

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。besiege表示“圍困，包圍”；A項(xiàng)suppress“抑制，鎮(zhèn)壓”，B項(xiàng)survey“調(diào)查，測量”，C項(xiàng)surround“圍繞，包圍”，D項(xiàng)surrender“投降，放棄”。句意：從羅馬淪陷開始的那個(gè)月，也見證了其他城市的淪陷，德國要塞被成功包圍。根據(jù)句意該題選C。

20.翻譯題

Onaverage,kidsfarebetterintwo-parentfamilies.Butasizablepercentageofchildreninsingle-parentfamiliesthrive,andmanyintwo-parentfamiliesdonot.Whatmattersmost—regardlessoffamilystructure—iswhathappenswithinthefamily.

Particularlyimportantisthefamily’sabilitytosupportandnurture,minimizeconflict,practicedemocraticdecisionmaking,setandenforceboundaries,provideconsistentandpositiveformsofdisciplineandmodel,andencouragevaluesofcaringandresponsibility.

Familiesshouldalsoprovideaccesstostructuredactivities(e.g.,clubs,organizations,lessons)andastimulatingenvironmentforlearning(includingparentalinvolvementinschooling).

Whileitissomewhateasiertodelivertheseintwo-parentfamilies,somesingle-parentfamiliesdosucceedbydrawingoninformalandformalsupportsystemsfromneighborhoods,schools,andchurches.Ourchallengeistodiscoverwaystomaximizethenumberofstrongtwo-parentfamiliesandsupportallfamilyeffortstoraisehealthychildren,includingeffortsbysingle-parentfamilies.

【答案】參考譯文：

一般來說，在雙親家庭長大的孩子成長得更好。但是也有相當(dāng)大的一部分單親家庭的孩子得到健康成長，而許多雙親家庭的孩子卻沒有。不管家庭結(jié)構(gòu)如何，最重要的是家庭內(nèi)部所發(fā)生的事情。

家庭的這些能力是極為重要的：撫養(yǎng)、避免沖突、踐行家庭民主抉擇、制定和實(shí)施家法、樹立典范以及鼓勵(lì)富有愛心和責(zé)任心。

每個(gè)家庭還應(yīng)該組織結(jié)構(gòu)性活動(dòng)（如參加俱樂部、社團(tuán)以及輔導(dǎo)班）并且營造良好的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境（包括父母參與學(xué)校教育）。

雙親家庭做到這些顯得更加容易，但是單親家庭卻得靠鄰居、學(xué)校和教堂的正式和非正式的幫助。我們現(xiàn)在面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是如何盡量增加幸福家庭的數(shù)量，幫助所有單親和雙親家庭的孩子健康成長。

21.翻譯題

TheSupremeCourtisthehighestcourtoftheUnitedStates,andtheonlyonespecificallycreatedbytheConstitution.AdecisionoftheSupremeCourtcannotbeappealedtoanyothercourt.TheSupremeCourthasoriginaljurisdictioninonlytwokindsofcases:thoseinvolvingforeigndignitariesandthoseinwhichastateisaparty.AllothercasesreachtheCourtonappealfromlowercourts.AsignificantamountoftheworkoftheSupremeCourtconsistsofdeterminingwhetherlegislationorexecutiveactsconformtotheConstitution.ThispowerofjudicialreviewisdoctrineinferredbytheCourtfromitsreadingoftheConstitution,andforcefullystatedinthelandmarkMarburyvs.Madisoncaseof1803.Thedoctrinehasalsobeenextendedtocovertheactivitiesofstateandlocalgovernments.

【答案】參考譯文：

最高法院是美國的最高法院，也是唯一一個(gè)由憲法專門設(shè)立的法院。最高法院的裁決不能向任何其他法院上訴。最高法院最初只對(duì)兩種案件擁有司法權(quán)：涉及國外顯要人物的案件和州作為一方當(dāng)事人的案件。最高法院受理的所有其他案件均來自下級(jí)法院的上訴。最高法院很重要的工作任務(wù)就是決定立法或執(zhí)法是否符合憲法標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這種司法審查的權(quán)利是由最高法院通過解讀《憲法》而推斷出來的法律原則，并且在具有里程碑意義的1803年馬伯里與麥迪遜案得到確定。并且，該理論還擴(kuò)展到包括州和地方政府的活動(dòng)。

22.單選題

Invasivespeciesaren’tspecies—theycanalsobepathogens.SuchisthecasewiththeWestNilevirus.Aninosquito-bomevirusidentifiedintheWestNilesubregioninUgandain1937—hencethename—WestNilewasn’tmuchofaconcerntopeopleelsewhereuntilitbrokeoutofAfricain1999.ThefirstU.ScaseswereconfirmedinNewYorkCityin1999,andithasnowspreadthroughoutmuchoftheworld.Though80%ofinfectionsaresubclinical,thosewhodogetsickcangetverysick.Theviruscanledtoencephalitis—inflammationofthebrainandnervoussystem—andevendeath,with286peopledyingfromWestNileintheU.Sin2012.Thereweremorethan5,500casesreportedthatyear,andthescarythingisthatastheclimatewarms.WestNilewillcontinuetospread.

That’stheconclusionofanewstudyfromateamofresearchersintheU.S,BritainandGermany,includingthoseattheCenterforTropicalResearchatUCLA’sInstituteoftheEnvironmentandSustainability.InastudypublishedinthejournalGlobalChangeBiology,theresearcherstookclimateandspeciesdistributiondata,andcreatedmodelsthattrytoprojectthespreadofthevirusastheglobewarms.WestNilevirusiscarriedbymosquitoes,andinfectedinsectstransmitthevirustohumanbeingswithabite.Butbirdsplayaroletoo—ifbittenbyaninfectedmosquito,birdscangeneratehighlevelsofthevirusintheirbloodstream,andcanthentransmitittouninfectedmosquitoes,whichinturncaninfectpeople.ThebiggestindicatorofwhetherWestNileviruswilloccuristhemaximumtemperatureofthewannestmonthoftheyear,whichiswhythevirushascausedthemostdamageinhotsouthernstateslikeTexas.

TheUCLAmodellooksonlyatclimatedata,anddoesn’ttakeintoaccountthekindofcontrolmethodsthatcanbeusedtocombatWestNileontheground,includingpesticidesprayingandland-usechangesthatdenymosquitoesthepoolsofstagnantwatertheyuseasbreedingsites.That’simportanttorememberwhileclimatechangecanraisetheriskoftypicallytropicaldiseaseslikeWestNileormalaria,smartcontroleffortscanoffsetatleastsomeofthatdanger.ButtheUCLAstudyunderscoresthefactthatclimatechangeoperatedasathreatmultiplierfortropicaldiseases,onethatwillallowpathogenstoinvadenewterritory—andultimately,us.

61.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedpartofthesentenceinthefirstparagraph?

62.Thelivingconditionsofbees’willbeimprovedwithrespecttothefollowingaspectsexcept______.

63.Accordingtothepassage,thecriticalfactorforthevirusbeingspreadis______.

64.Accordingtothepassage,theresearchofUCLAimposesemphasison______.

65.Thetitleofthepassagewouldprobablybe“______”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarenotserious.

B.Theyareunexpected.

C.Theyaresubjecttoclinics.

D.Theyyieldnosymptoms.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theplants

B.thegrassland

C.thequalityofbees

D.thediseasetreatment

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thetemperature

B.theinfectedbirds

C.themosquitoes

D.Thehygiene

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.sprayingpesticide

B.mosquitocontrol

C.climatechange

D.changethelanduse

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.DangerofVirus

B.ClimatechangeandVirus

C.InvadedSpecies

D.IntroductionofVirusControl

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】61.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“第一段的劃線部分是什么意思？”。從第一段Though80%ofinfectionsaresubclinical,thosewhodogetsickcangetverysick.（盡管80%的感染是亞臨床的，但是那些確實(shí)癥狀明顯的人就會(huì)病得很嚴(yán)重）可以看出劃線部分的意思是“臨床癥狀不明顯的”，所以可以推斷出是不嚴(yán)重的。B項(xiàng)“不被期望的”和C項(xiàng)“會(huì)變成臨床”沒有提到；D項(xiàng)“沒有癥狀”錯(cuò)誤，亞臨床是癥狀不明顯，不代表沒有。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

62.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“蜜蜂的生活條件將得到改善是關(guān)于以下原因，除了……？”。文章第二段講到蚊子攜帶病毒通過叮咬傳染給鳥類及人類，蚊子會(huì)攜帶病毒與它的生活條件息息相關(guān)。通過這些分析同樣可以推理，只有和蜜蜂的生活條件相關(guān)的事物才能對(duì)其產(chǎn)生影響；A項(xiàng)“植物”，B項(xiàng)“草地”，C項(xiàng)“蜜蜂的質(zhì)量”，D項(xiàng)“病害處治”；只有B項(xiàng)與蜜蜂生活條件無關(guān)，所以該題B項(xiàng)正確。

63.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“病毒傳播的關(guān)鍵因素是什么？”。第一段最后一句Thereweremorethan5,500casesreportedthatyear,andthescarythingisthatastheclimatewarms.WestNilewillcontinuetospread.（那一年報(bào)告的病例超過了5500例，可怕的是隨著氣候變暖，西尼羅河病毒將繼續(xù)蔓延）和第二段第四行theresearcherstookclimateandspeciesdistributiondata,andcreatedmodelsthattrytoprojectthespreadofthevirusastheglobewarms（研究人員獲取了氣候和物種分布數(shù)據(jù)，并創(chuàng)建了模型，試圖預(yù)測隨著全球變暖病毒的傳播方向），可以推斷病毒傳播和溫度有關(guān)；B選項(xiàng)“被感染的鳥類”和C選項(xiàng)“蚊子”只是傳播的一個(gè)途徑，D選項(xiàng)“衛(wèi)生”文中沒有提到。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

64.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“UCLA的研究重點(diǎn)是什么？”。最后一段提到TheUCLAmodellooksonlyatclimatedata,anddoesn’ttakeintoaccountthekindofcontrolmethodsthatcanbeusedtocombatWestNileontheground,includingpesticidesprayingandland-usechangesthatdenymosquitoesthepoolsofstagnantwatertheyuseasbreedingsites.（UCLA的模型只考慮了氣候數(shù)據(jù)，并沒有考慮到可以在地面上對(duì)抗西尼羅河病毒的控制方法，包括噴灑殺蟲劑和改變土地使用，阻止蚊子進(jìn)入它們作為繁殖地點(diǎn)的積水池），可以推斷，UCLA的研究是把重點(diǎn)放在了氣候變化。A選項(xiàng)“噴灑農(nóng)藥”、B選項(xiàng)“控制蚊子”和D選項(xiàng)“改變土地使用”都不是UCLA團(tuán)隊(duì)的研究重點(diǎn)，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

65.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章的標(biāo)題可能是什么？”。這篇文章主要圍繞病毒的產(chǎn)生擴(kuò)散和氣候溫度的關(guān)系來展開敘述和討論；A項(xiàng)“病毒的危險(xiǎn)”，文章只是通過病毒的危害來引出后面研究人員對(duì)病毒的研究，不符合題意；C選項(xiàng)“入侵的物種”，文章只是引用入侵的物種來引出話題；D選項(xiàng)“病毒控制的介紹”，文章的著重點(diǎn)是在病毒和氣候變化的關(guān)系，因此B選項(xiàng)“病毒與氣候”最符合題意。

23.單選題

Inordertoexplainthesocioeconomicachievement,inthefaceofdisadvantagesduetoracialdiscriminationofChineseandJapaneseimmigrantstotheUnitedStatesandtheirdescendants,sociologistshavetypicallyappliedeitherculturallybasedorstructurallybasedtheories—butneverbothtogether.Touseaneconomicmetaphor,culturallybasedexplanationsasserttheimportanceofthesupplysideofthelabormarket,emphasizingthequalitiesimmigrantgroupsbringwiththemforcompetitionintheUnitedStateslabormarket.Suchexplanationsreflectahuman-capitalperspectiveinwhichstatusattainmentisseenasaresultofindividuals’abilitytogenerateresources.Structurallybasedexplanations,ontheotherhand,examinethemarketconditionoftheimmigrants’hostsociety,particularlyitsdiscriminatorypracticesandtheirimpactonthestatusattainmentprocessofimmigrantgroups.Intheeconomicmetaphor,structuralexplanationsasserttheimportanceofthedemandsideofthelabormarket.

InordertounderstandthesocioeconomicmobilityofChineseandJapaneseimmigrantsandtheirdescendants,onlyananalysisofsupply-sideanddemand-sidefactorstogether,inthecontextofhistoricalevents,willsuffice.Ontheculturalorsupplyside,differencesinimmigrationpatternandfamilyformationresultedindifferentratesofsocioeconomicachievementforChineseandJapaneseimmigrants.Forvariousreasons,Chineseimmigrantsremainedsojournersanddidnot(exceptforurbanmerchants)establishfamilies.Theywerealsohamperedbyethnicconflictinthelabormarket.Japaneseimmigrants,ontheotherhand,werelessconstrained,madethetransitionfromsojournertosettlerwithinthefirsttwodecadesofimmigration,andleftlow-wagelabortoestablishsmallbusinessesbasedonahouseholdmodeofproduction.Chinesesojournerswithoutfamiliesweremorevulnerabletodemoralization,whereasJapaneseimmigrantsfacedsocietalhostilitywiththeemotionalresourcesprovidedbyastablefamilylife.OnceChineseimmigrantsbegantoestablishnuclearfamiliesandproduceasecondgeneration,institutinghouseholdproductionsimilartothatestablishedbyJapaneseimmigrants,theirsocioeconomicattainmentsoonparalleledthatofJapaneseimmigrantsandtheirdescendants.

Onthestructuralordemandside,changesininstitutionalconstraints,immigrationlaws,labormarkets,andsocietalhostilitywererootedinthedynamicsofcapitalisteconomicdevelopment.Earlycapitalistdevelopmentgeneratedademandforlow-wagelaborthatcouldnotbefulfilled.EarlyChineseandJapaneseimmigrationwasaresponsetothisdemand.Inanadvancedcapitalisteconomy,thedemandforimmigrantlaborismoredifferentiated:skilledprofessionalandtechnicallaborfillsemptypositionsintheprimarylabormarketand,withthetraditionalunskilledlow-wagelabor,createstwoimmigrantsteams.ThehighlevelsofeducationattainedbythedescendantsofChineseandJapaneseimmigrantsandtheirconcentrationinstrategicstatessuchasCaliforniapavedthewayforthemovementofthesecondgenerationintotheexpandingprimarylabormarketintheadvancedcapitalisteconomythatexistedaftertheSecondWorldWar.

56.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

57.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith______.

58.Whichoneofthefollowingcanbestbedescribedasasupply-sideelementinthelabormarket,assuchelementsareexplainedinthepassage?

59.Itcanbeinferredthatwhichoneofthefollowingwasanelemento