2022年考研考博-考博英語-湘潭大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號17

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-湘潭大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

TheChinese,whobegansystematicastronomicalandweatherobservationsshortlyaftertheancientEgyptians,wereassiduousrecord-keepers,andbecauseofthis,canclaimhumanity’slongestcontinuous（

）ofnaturalevents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.defiance

B.documentation

C.maintenance

D.domination

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“挑釁，蔑視”；B選項(xiàng)“文件編制，文檔”；C選項(xiàng)“維持，保養(yǎng)”；D選項(xiàng)“支配，統(tǒng)治”；根據(jù)句意‘繼古埃及人之后旋即展開了有系統(tǒng)的天文與氣候觀察的中國人可謂是勤勉不輟的文獻(xiàn)記錄者，并且基于這一原因，中國人可聲稱擁有人類歷史上對自然事件最悠久連續(xù)的文獻(xiàn)記載。’確定B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

InmostearthquakestheEarth'scrustcrackslikeporcelain.Stressbuildsupuntilafractureformsatadepthofafewkilometersandthecrustslipstorelievethestress.Someearthquakes,however,takeplacehundredsofkilometersdownintheEarth'smantle,wherehighpressuremakesrocksoductilethatitflowsinsteadofcracking,evenunderstresssevereenoughtodeformitlikeputty.Howcantherebeearthquakesatsuchdepths?

Thatsuchdeepeventsdooccurhasbeenacceptedonlysince1927,whentheseismologistKiyooWadaticonvincinglydemonstratedtheirexistence.Insteadofcomparingthearrivaltimesofseismicwavesatdifferentlocations,asearlierresearchershaddone,Wadatireliedonatimedifferencebetweenthearrivalofprimary(P)wavesandtheslowersecondary(S)waves.BecausePandSwavestravelatdifferentbutfairlyconstantspeeds,theintervalbetweentheirarrivalsincreasesinproportiontothedistancefromtheearthquakefocus,orrupturepoint.

Formostearthquakes,Wadatidiscovered,theintervalwasquiteshortneartheepicenter,thepointonthesurfacewhereshakingisstrongest.Forafewevents,however,thedelaywaslongevenattheepicenterWadatisawasimilarpatternwhenheanalyzeddataontheintensityofshaking.Mostearthquakeshadasmallareaofintenseshaking,whichweakenedrapidlywithincreasingdistancefromtheepicenter,butotherswerecharacterizedbyalowerpeakintensity,feltoverabroaderarea.BoththeP-Sintervalsandtheintensitypatternssuggestedtwokindsofearthquakes:themorecommonshallowevents,inwhichthefocuslayjustundertheepicenter,anddeepevents,withafocusseveralhundredkilometersdown

Thequestionremained:howcansuchquakesoccur,giventhatmantlerockatadepthofmorethan50kilometersistooductiletostoreenoughstresstofracture?Wadati'sworksuggestedthatdeepeventsoccurinareas(nowcalledWadati-Benioffzones)whereonecrustalplateisforcedunderanotheranddescendsintothemantle.Thedescendingrockissubstantiallycoolerthanthesurroundingmantleandhenceislessductileandmuchmoreliabletofracture.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Informationpresentedinthepassagesuggeststhat,comparedwithseismicactivityattheepicenterofashallowevent,seismicactivityattheepicenterofadeepeventischaracterizedby

（

）.

3.ThemethodusedbyWadatitodeterminethedepthsofearthquakesismostlikewhichofthefollowing?

4.Thepassagesupportswhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherelationshipbetweentheepicenterandthefocusofanearthquake?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.demonstratingwhythemethodsofearlyseismologistswereflawed

B.arguingthatdeepeventsarepoorlyunderstoodanddeservefurtherstudy

C.defendingarevolutionarytheoryaboutthecausesofearthquakesandmethodsofpredictingthem

D.discussingtheevidencefortheexistenceofdeepeventsandtheconditionsthatallowthemtooccur

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.shorterP-Sintervalsandhigherpeakintensity

B.shorterP-Sintervalsandlowerpeakintensity

C.longerP-Sintervalsandlowerpeakintensity

D.longerP-Sintervalsandhigherpeakintensity

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Determiningthedistancefromathunderstormbythingtheintervalbetweentheflashofalightningboltandthunderitproduces

B.Determiningtheheightofamountainbymeasuringtheshadowitcastsatdifferenttimesoftheday.

C.Determiningthedepthofawellbydroppingstonesintowellandtiminghowlongtheytaketoreachthebottom.

D.Determiningthedistancebetweentwopointsbycountingthenumberofpacesiftakestocoverthedistanceandmeasuringasinglepace.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.PwavesoriginateatthefocusandSwavesoriginateattheepicenter

B.Indeepeventstheepicenterandthefocusarereversed.

C.Inshalloweventstheepicenterandthefocuscoincide.

D.Inbothdeepandshalloweventsthefocusliesbeneaththeepicenter

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目是問文章主要是關(guān)于什么的。通過文章內(nèi)容可知，文章主要是向讀者介紹deepevents的知識。Wadati通過對Pwaves與Swaves的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)deepevents的存在。不同類型的地震其P-Sintervals是不同的，因此有了shallowevents與deepevents的區(qū)別。文章也告訴了讀者deepevents是如何發(fā)生的。所以D選項(xiàng)‘討論深層事件存在的證據(jù)以及允許它們發(fā)生的條件’正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“BecausePandSwavestravelatdifferentbutfairlyconstantspeeds,theintervalbetweentheirarrivalsincreasesinproportiontothedistancefromtheearthquakefocus,orrupturepoint.由于P波和S波以不同但相當(dāng)恒定的速度傳播，它們到達(dá)的間隔與震源或破裂點(diǎn)的距離成正比。”以及第三段最后一句“BoththeP-Sintervalsandtheintensitypatternssuggestedtwokindsofearthquakes:themorecommonshallowevents,inwhichthefocuslayjustundertheepicenter,anddeepevents,withafocusseveralhundredkilometersdown.P-S間隔和強(qiáng)度模式都表明有兩種地震：一種是更常見的淺層地震，震源就在震中下方;另一種是震源在幾百公里以下的深層地震”可知與地震活動在一個淺的中心事件,地震活動的中心事件的特點(diǎn)是‘通過更接的縱橫間隔波和更高的峰值強(qiáng)度表現(xiàn)的’，D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問Wadati用來確定地震深度的方法最像下列哪一種？distant用詞不準(zhǔn)。根據(jù)原文“BecausePandSwavestravelatdifferentbutfairlyconstantspeedstheintervalbetweentheirarrivalsincreasesinproportiontothedistancefromtheearthquakefocus(earthquakefocus-orrupturepoint.因?yàn)镻波和S波以不同但相當(dāng)恒定的速度傳播，它們到達(dá)的距離與震源(震源或破裂點(diǎn))的距離成正比。所以，只要地震的S波在P波之后很長時間才到達(dá)一個給定的位置肯定是真的，所以A選項(xiàng)‘用閃電與雷暴之間的間隔來確定雷暴與雷暴之間的距離’符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題是問文章支持下列哪一個陳述關(guān)于中心和地震的集點(diǎn)之間的關(guān)系。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容以及最后一段“Thequestionremained:howcansuchquakesoccur,giventhatmantlerockatadepthofmorethan50kilometersistooductiletostoreenoughstresstofracture?Wadati’sworksuggestedthatdeepeventsoccurinareas(nowcalledWadati-BeniofFzones)whereonecrustalplateisforcedunderanotheranddescendsintothemantle.Thedescendingrockissubstantiallycoolerthanthesurroundingmantleandhenceislessductileandmuchmoreliabletofracture.問題依然存在:考慮到50公里以上深處的地幔巖石韌性太強(qiáng)，無法儲存足夠的應(yīng)力而導(dǎo)致斷裂，這樣的地震怎么會發(fā)生呢?Wadati的工作表明，深部事件發(fā)生在一個地殼板塊被壓在另一個地殼板塊下并進(jìn)入地幔的區(qū)域(現(xiàn)在稱為Wadati-Benioff帶)。下降的巖石比周圍的地幔要冷得多，因此韌性較差，更容易斷裂?！笨芍狣‘無論是深地震還是淺地震，震源都位于震中下方’選項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

Thediplomat,selectedforherdemonstratedpatienceandskillinconductingsuch

delicatenegotiations,（

）tomakeadecisionduringthetalksbecauseanysuddencommitmentatthattimewouldhavebeen（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resolved...detrimental

B.hesitated...warranted

C.declined...inopportune

D.struggled...unconscionable

【答案】C

【解析】動詞和形容詞辨析。第一個空的選項(xiàng)為resolve“決定，溶解”；hesitate“猶豫，有疑慮";decline“下降，衰落，婉拒”；struggle“努力，掙扎，對抗”，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞patience和suddencommitment推斷出第一個空應(yīng)選則填入declined；第二個空的選項(xiàng)為detrimental不利的，有害的”；warranted“保證的，擔(dān)保的”；inopportune“不適當(dāng)?shù)?，不合時機(jī)的”；unconscionable“昧著良心的，肆無忌憚的，過度的”；據(jù)第一個空的選詞和句意‘因在如此微妙的談判中表現(xiàn)出來的耐心和技巧而當(dāng)選的這位外交官拒絕在會談中做出決定，因?yàn)樵谀欠N情況下，任何突然的承諾都是不恰當(dāng)?shù)??！_定第二個空填入inopportune，C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

JosephHellerisagreatnovelistwhohasthrilledthousandsofleaders,（

）manyAmericanaccomplishednovelistskneelathisfeetandcan'thelpsinginghispraises.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inthat

B.somuchsothat

C.since

D.while

【答案】B

【解析】連詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)的inthat“因?yàn)椋捎?，既然”；B選項(xiàng)的somuchsothat“到這樣程度以至于……，甚至”；C選項(xiàng)的since通常用于現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，表示“自從……”；D選項(xiàng)的while“當(dāng)……時候，然而……”。根據(jù)句意‘約瑟夫?海勒是個偉大的小說家，震驚了成千上萬的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，甚至很多美國著名的小說家都臣服于他的才華，情不自禁地贊揚(yáng)他’確定B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.翻譯題

Despitetheweb,wewatchmoretelevisionthanever.

Inthechaosoftoday’smediaandtechnologybrawl-iPodvs.Zune,Googlevs.Yahoo,Windowsvs.Linux,Intelvs.AMD-wecandeclareoneunlikelywinner.Standingtallinafieldofnewtechwonders,it’sageezertechnologythatareinventedinthe1920sandcommercializedinthe1940s,andit’sstillmorepowerfulthananythingcreatedsince.

Asyoutrytofigureoutwhereconsumerinfo-techisgoing,andwhatitmeansforsociety,rememberthisbig,centralreality:Peoplejustwantmoretelevision.

Ifyoudoubtit,lookattoday’sbiggestnewsintech.Itcontinuallycentersonnewwaystobringconsumersthethingtheycraveaboveallelse.SonyfloodedtherecentConsumerElectronicsShowwithproductsthatputinternetvideoonyourTVset,asdidalmosteveryotherconsumerelectronicscompany.AtthesimultaneousMacworldExpo,ApplechiefSteveJobsintroducedAppleTV,whichdoesthesamething.VerizonsaiditwillsoonofferliveTVoncellphonescreens.Itwillalsosellfull-lengthprogramsforviewingwheneveryouwant.Putitalltogether,andwehaveachievedanirvanathatdidn’texistevenayearago:unlimitedtelevisionavailable24/7oneveryscreenyouown.

It’snosurprise,ofcourse.

Eversincethebasicfactsofsteadilymultiplyingprocessorpowerandbandwidthbecameapparent,seershaveconfidentlypredictedthisday.Theyjustasconfidentlypredictedwhatitwouldmean:traditionaltelevision’sdemise.OncetheWorldWideWebappearedinthemid-1990s,thefuturelookedveryclear.BoringoldTV,thescheduledprogramsthatcometoyouthroughacoaxialcableorsatellitedishorantenna,wouldfadeaway.

Whichisexactlytheoppositeofwhathashappened.DespitemanyNetAgealternatives,weAmericanstodaywatchmoreboringoldTVthanever,whichissayingsomething.Howcanthatbe?MytheoryistheTwo-LiterCokePrinciple.TheCoca-ColacompanydiscoveredlongagothatifitcouldgetpeopletobringhomebiggerbottlesofCoke,thosepeoplewoulddrinkmorethantheyusedto.JustgettingmoreCokeinfrontofthemincreasedtheirconsumption.ItseemstobethesamewithTV.Putmoreofitinfrontofpeople—over100channelsinmanyhomes—andpeoplewillwatchmore.

Seenfromthisperspective,thelatestannouncementsofnewTV-relatedtechnologylooksimplylikeadditionalwaystoputmoreTVinfrontofAmericanconsumer.ThesupposedthreatfromtheInternetwasthatwe’dcutbackonTVaswespentmoretimeonMySpaceorinSecondLife.WemaywellspendmoretimeonsuchnewNetattractions,butwe’reunlikelytotakethattimeawayfromvideoviewing.We’remorelikelytocutbackonthingsweconsiderlessimportant,likesleep.

NoonehasevaluatedTVbetterthanthegreatNewYorkeressayistE.BWhite,whoin1938wrote,“Weshallstandorfallbytelevision,ofthatIamsure.”Westilldon’tknowwhichitwillbe,buthisassessmentlookstruerthanever.

【答案】當(dāng)你試圖弄清楚消費(fèi)者信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向，以及它對社會的意義時，請記住一個重要的中心事實(shí):人們只是想看更多的電視節(jié)目。

索尼在最近的消費(fèi)電子展上推出了大量可以在電視機(jī)上播放互聯(lián)網(wǎng)視頻的產(chǎn)品，幾乎所有其他消費(fèi)電子產(chǎn)品公司都是如此。

自從處理器功率和帶寬穩(wěn)步增長的基本事實(shí)變得明顯以來，預(yù)言家們就自信地預(yù)測到了這一天。

而事實(shí)恰恰相反。盡管有許多網(wǎng)絡(luò)時代的替代品，但是我們美國人今天比以往任何時候都看更多無聊的老電視，這說明了一些問題。

沒有人比偉大的紐約客散文家E，B懷特更好地評估了電視，他在1938年寫到“我確信我們的成敗將系于電視”。

6.單選題

WhiletheUnitedStateswageditswarondrugs,includingtheimpositionofseverepenaltiesonpeopleconvictedofpossessionofcannabis(marijuanaandhashish),theNetherlandsimplementedapartialdecriminalizationofthepersonaluseofthesesamedrugs.

Beginninginthemid-1970s，Dutchdrugpolicieswerereformedinanattempttolimitthenegativeandstigmatizingeffectsofdruguseonindividualusers.TheDutchdidthisbymakingaclearseparationbetween“hard”drugs—heroin,cocaine,LSD,andamphetamines—and“soft”drugs—marijuana,hashish,andmushrooms.Theygavetoplawenforcementprioritytocontrollingtheproduction,importation,andtraffickingofharddrugsandessentiallyignoredthesaleoruseofsmallamountsofcannabis(25gramsorless).Dutchofficialsbelievedthatdecriminalizingcannabis—therebyseparatingthesoftdrugmarketfromthemarketforharderdrugs―wouldreducethelikelihoodthatmarijuanauserswouldcomeintocontactwithheroinandcocaineusers.Thus,youngpeopleexperimentingwithcannabiswouldbelesslikelytobecomeinvolvedwithmoredangerousoraddictivedrugs.

TheDutchdrugpolicieswerealsoaimedatnormalizingthedrugproblem.Thatis,theDutchadmittedthatcannabisusehadgainedanextensivefootholdintheirsociety,andtheyfeltthatitwasfarmorerealistictotrytoreducethepersonalandsocialharmsassociatedwithdrugusethrougheducationand“user-friendly”treatmentprogramsthantorelyonpunitivemeasures.

InAmsterdam,thecountry’slargestcity,thereareabout350coffeeshopswherepeoplecanbuyandusemarijuana,hashish,andmushrooms.Thecoffeeshops,however,areregulated.Nootherillegaldrugsmaybesoldorusedinthem,theshopsmaynotadvertise,andtheymaynotsellcannabistopeopleunderage16.Violationsmayresultinfinesandtheclosingofthecoffeeshop.

TheDutchdruglawshavebeenineffectformorethan20yearsandanynegativeimpactonDutchsocietyappearstohaveonlybeenmodest.However,itmaynotbewisetomakedirectcomparisonsbetweentheNetherlandsandtheUnitedStates.Dutchsocietyisveryhomogeneous;thatis,thereislittleracial,ethnic,class,religious,orsubculturaldiversity,andtheconventionalvaluesandnormsofDutchsocietyarewidelyshared.Americansociety,ontheotherhand,isveryheterogeneous,anditsextensivesubculturaldiversityleadstolessconsensusregardingnormsandvalues.ThemodelusedbytheDutchforregulatingmarijuanamaynotworkaseffectivelyintheUnitedStates.

1.Theword“decriminalization”inthefirstparagraphmeans（

）.

2.Dutchofficialsthoughtthatcannabisusers

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

4.TheauthorconsiderstheDutchdrugpolicies

（

）.

5.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reductionofthecriminalpenaltiesforsomething

B.ceasingtotreatsomethingaslegal

C.eliminationofthecriminalpenaltiesforsomething

D.applicationoflegalsanctionsagainstacrime

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.wereimproperlystigmatizedasdrugaddictsbyotherpeople

B.couldnotpossiblytrafficheroin,cocaineorotherdrugs

C.wouldnotbecomeaddictedtoiteveniftheytakelargeamounts

D.mightcontentthemselveswithitandstayawayfrommoreaddictivedrugs

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Decriminalizingcannabisusewouldbringmorerevenuetothegovernment.

B.CannabisuseintheNetherlandsisratherprevalent.

C.TheDutchgovernmentbelievedthatcannabiswasnotasharmfulasheroin.

D.TheDutchbelievedthatpunishmentwasn’tapracticalmeanstotacklethedrugproblem.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.successfulalthoughtherearesomenegativeeffects

B.toolenientintermsofpunishment

C.unreasonableconsideringtheDutchhomogeneoussociety

D.betterthanthoseimplementedintheUnitedStates

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.itisillegaltosellcannabisintheNetherlands

B.marijuanaisavailableinDutchsupermarkets

C.sellingcannabiswithoutofficialpermissionmaybepunished

D.largedosesofmarijuanaincoffeeshopsinAmsterdamarcavailable

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.詞義推測題。本題是問“decriminalization”一詞在第一段的意思。從上下文可知，荷蘭政府區(qū)分了致癮藥品和不會成癮的藥品，并將不會成癮藥品的買賣合法化，所以可以推測“decriminalization”詞義為“合法化”，C選項(xiàng)‘取消對某事物的刑事處罰’。

2.推理判斷題。本題是問荷蘭的政府認(rèn)為大麻使用者如何。由第二段中的“Thus，youngpeopleexperimentingwithcannabiswouldbelesslikelytobecomeinvolvedwithmoredangerousoraddictivedrugs.因此，被嘗試大麻的年輕人不太可能涉及更危險的或者成癮的藥物?！?，可知D選項(xiàng)‘可能會滿足于此，遠(yuǎn)離更容易上癮的毒品’正確。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段“theDutchadmittedthatcannabisusehadgainedanextensivefootholdintheirsociety,andtheyfeltthatitwasfarmorerealistictotrytoreducethepersonalandsocialharmsassociatedwithdrugusethrougheducationand‘user-friendly’treatmentprogramsthantorelyonpunitivemeasure.荷蘭承認(rèn)，大麻的使用已經(jīng)在他們的社會中獲得了廣泛的立足點(diǎn)，他們認(rèn)為，通過教育和“人性化”的治療方案來減少與毒品使用有關(guān)的個人和社會危害遠(yuǎn)比依賴懲罰措施要現(xiàn)實(shí)得多”和最后一段“TheDutchdruglawshavebeenineffectformorethan20yearsandanynegativeimpactonDutchsocietyappearstohaveonlybeenmodest.荷蘭的毒品法已經(jīng)實(shí)施了20多年，對荷蘭社會的任何負(fù)面影響似乎都不大?！钡弥商m政府運(yùn)用人性化的措施且該項(xiàng)法律的副作用是很小的，B選項(xiàng)‘荷蘭吸食大麻相當(dāng)普遍?！?，C選項(xiàng)‘荷蘭政府認(rèn)為大麻的危害沒有海洛因那么大。’和D選項(xiàng)‘荷蘭人認(rèn)為懲罰并不是解決毒品問題的實(shí)際手段?！_；A選項(xiàng)‘大麻合法化將為政府帶來更多的收入。’的敘述錯誤，符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題是問作者認(rèn)為荷蘭毒品政策如何。由最后一段中的“TheDutchdruglawshavebeenineffectformorethan20yearsandanynegativeimpactonDutchsocietyappearstohaveonlybeenmodest荷蘭的藥物法己經(jīng)成功實(shí)施20多年，即便有反作用，但算是很輕微。”可知A選項(xiàng)‘成功，盡管有一些負(fù)面影響’正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中“InAmsterdam,thecountry’slargestcity,thereareabout350coffeeshopswherepeoplecanbuyandusemarijuana,hashish,andmushrooms.Thecoffeeshops,however,areregulated.Nootherillegaldrugsmaybesoldorusedinthem,theshopsmaynotadvertise,andtheymaynotsellcannabistopeopleunderage16.Violationsmayresultinfinesandtheclosingofthecoffeeshop.在荷蘭最大的城市阿姆斯特丹，大約有350家咖啡館，人們可以在這里購買和使用大麻、大麻和蘑菇。然而，咖啡店是受監(jiān)管的。其他違禁藥品不得銷售、使用，商店不得做廣告，不得向未滿16歲的未成年人出售大麻。違反規(guī)定可能會導(dǎo)致罰款和咖啡店的關(guān)閉?！笨芍商m對藥物銷售有明文規(guī)定，所以C選項(xiàng)‘未經(jīng)官方許可出售大麻可能會受到懲罰’正確。

7.單選題

ItisthehighhumiditythatmakesLondonwinterssochilly,（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notthatitstemperaturesarebeinglow

B.notlownessoftemperatures

C.sincelowtemperaturesarenotaspresent

D.notthelowtemperatures

【答案】D

【解析】省略句的用法。根據(jù)句子前部分的結(jié)構(gòu)可知題目強(qiáng)調(diào)的是highhumidity,并且需填入的部分與thehighhumidity是并列成分，根據(jù)句意‘使倫敦的冬季如此之冷的是高濕度而不是低氣溫?！芍狣選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Theabilityto（

）themselvesbycamouflageenablessomedefenselessanimalstosurvive.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conceal

B.conceive

C.deceive

D.disguise

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意‘通過偽裝來隱藏自己的能力使得一些沒有攻擊性的動物存活下來。’可知，這里是指一些動物通過偽裝自己而求得生存。A選項(xiàng)conceal“隱藏，隱瞞”；B選項(xiàng)conceive“懷孕，構(gòu)思”；C選項(xiàng)deceive“欺騙，行騙”；D選項(xiàng)disguise當(dāng)動詞吋意為“掩飾，隱瞞”；concealoneself意為“潛伏，埋伏”；而disguiseoneself意為“隱藏自己”，更符合語境，D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Socialchangeismorelikelytooccurinheterogeneoussocietiesthaninhomogenousones,simplybecausetherearemorediversepointsofviewavailableintheformer.Therearemoreconflictsofinterest,andmoregroupsandorganizationofdifferentpersuasions.Inaddition,thereisusuallyagreaterworldlyinterestandtoleranceinheterogeneoussocieties.Allthesefactorstendtopromotesocialchangebyopeningmoreareasoflifetodecisionratherthansubjectingthemtoauthority.Inaquitehomogenoussociety,therearefeweroccasionsforpeopletoperceivetheneedortheopportunityforchange,becauseeverythingseemstobethesameand,ifnotsatisfactory,atleastcustomaryandundisputed.

Withinasociety,socialchangeisalsolikelytooccurmorefrequentlyandmorereadily(1)inthematerialaspectsoftheculturethaninthenon-material,forexample,intechnologyratherthaninvalues;(2)inwhathasbeenlearnedlaterinliferatherthanwhatwaslearnedearly;(3)inthelessbasic,lessemotional,orlesssacredaspectsofsocietythanintheiropposites,likereligionorasystemofprestige;(4)inthesimpleelementsratherthaninthecomplexones.(5)Informratherthaninsubstance;and(6)inelementscongenialtothecultureratherthaninstrangeelements.

Furthermore,socialchangeiseasierifitisgradual.Forexample,itcomesmorereadilyinhumanrelationsonacontinuousscaleratherthanonewithsharpdichotomies.ThisisonereasonwhychangehasnotcomemorequicklytoBlackAmericansascomparedtootherAmericanminorities,becauseofthesharpdifferenceinappearancebetweenthemandtheirwhitecounterparts.

1.Accordingtothepassage,themaindifferencebetweenahomogenoussocietyandaheterogeneousoneliesin（

）.

2.Theauthorwouldmostprobablyagreethatchangesaremorelikelytobesuccessfulin（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thenumberofopportunitiesoffered

B.thenatureofconflictsofinterest

C.theawarenessoftheneedforchange

D.theroleofsocialorganizations

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.productionmethods

B.ideologicalconcept

C.religiousbeliefs

D.socialbehavior

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段的第一句話后半句“…，simplybecausetherearemorediversepointsofviewavailableintheformer”可以看出在由不同種族組成的社會中會存在更多的不同的觀點(diǎn)，因此要求改變的意識就更強(qiáng)?；蛘叽祟}也可從反面看出，從第一段的第五句話中“Inaquitehomogeneoussociety,therearefeweroccasionsforpeopletoperceivetheneedortheopportunityforchange,...”看出由同種族構(gòu)成的社會中，沒什么情況會讓人們覺察到需要改變，因此從反面可推出由不同種族組成的社會肯定是因?yàn)橛X得要改變的意識更強(qiáng)，所以才會變化的快。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容尤其是第（5）點(diǎn)Informratherthaninsubstance可推知作者講述了一個社會中六種容易改變的方面，其中第一個方面就是文化中物質(zhì)的方面比非物質(zhì)的方面要變化的快些，比如說是科技比價值觀變化的快。A選項(xiàng)中的productionmethods“生產(chǎn)商品的方法”屬于科技，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Fromthehealthpointofviewwearelivinginamarvelousage.Weareimmunizedfrombirthagainstmanyofthemostdangerousdiseases.Alargenumberofoncefataldiseasescannowbecuredbymodemdrugsandsurgery.Itisalmostcertainthatonedayremedieswillbefoundforthemoststubbornremainingdiseases.Theexpectationoflifehasincreasedenormously.Butthoughthepossibilityoflivingalongandhappylifeisgreaterthaneverbefore,everydaywewitnesstheincredibleslaughterofmen,womenandchildrenontheroads.Manversusmotor-car!Itisanever-endingbattlewhichmanislosing.Thousandsofpeopletheworldoverarekilledorhorriblyinjuredeachyearandwearequietlysittingbackandlettingithappen.

Ithasbeenrightlysaidthatwhenamanissittingbehindasteeringwheel,hiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality.Thereisnodoubtthatthemotor-caroftenbringsoutaman'sveryworstqualities.Peoplewhoarenormallyquietandpleasantmaybecomeunrecognizablewhentheyarebehindthesteeringwheel.Theyswear,theyareill-manneredandaggressive,willfulastwo-year-oldsandutterlyselfish.Alltheirhiddenfrustrations,disappointmentsandjealousiesseemtobebroughttothesurfacebytheactofdriving.

Thesurprisingthingisthatsocietysmilessobenignlyonthemotoristandseemstocondonehisbehavior.Everythingisdoneforhisconvenience.Citiesareallowedtobecomealmostuninhabitablebecauseofheavytraffic;townsaremadeuglybyhugecarparks;thecountrysideisdesecratedbyroadnetworks;andthemassannualslaughterbecomesnothingmorethanastatistic,tobeconvenientlyforgotten.

Itishightimeaworldcodewerecreatedtoreducethissenselesswasteofhumanlife.Withregardtodriving,thelawsofsomecountriesarenotoriouslylaxandeventhestrictestarenotstrictenough.Acodewhichwasuniversallyacceptedcouldonlyhaveadramaticallybeneficialeffectontheaccidentrate.Hereareafewexamplesofsomeofthethingsthatmightbedone.Thedrivingtestshouldbestandardizedandmadefarmoredifficultthanitis;allthedriversshouldbemadetotakeatesteverythreeyearsorso;theageatwhichyoungpeopleareallowedtodriveanyvehicleshouldberaisedtoatleast21;allvehiclesshouldbeputthroughstringentannualtestforsafety.Eventhesmallestamountofalcoholinthebloodcanimpairaperson'sdrivingability.Presentdrinkinganddrivinglaws(wheretheyexist)shouldbemademuchstricter.Maximumandminimumspeedlimitsshouldbeimposedonallroads.Governmentsshouldlaydownsafetyspecificationsformanufacturers,ashasbeendoneintheUSA.Alladvertisingstressingpowerandperformanceshouldbebanned.Thesemeasuresmaysoundinordinatelyharsh.Butsurelynothingshouldbeconsideredastoosevereifitresultsinreducingtheannualtollofhumanlife.Afterall,theworldisforhumanbeings,notmotor-cars.

1.Themainideaofthispassageisthat（

）.

2.WhichofthestatementsbelowisNOTinkeepingwiththeimplicationofthe2ndparagraph?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacounter-measureagainsttrafficaccidents?

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthesocialphenomenonis（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.trafficaccidentsaremainlycausedbymotorists

B.onlystrictertrafficlawscanpreventroadaccidents

C.thelawsofsomecountriesaboutdrivingaretoolax

D.thousandsofpeopleovertheworldarekilledeachyear

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Peopleusuallycannotstayquietandpleasantwhiledriving.

B.Peopleareusuallybesidethemselveswhentheyaredriving.

C.People'shiddenabilitiesareoftenbroughtintofullplaybytheactofdriving.

D.People’sbadqualitiesandemotionscanbefullyexposedbytheactofdriving.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Makingdrivingteststandardizedandmoredifficult.

B.Raisingagelimitfordriversandretestingthemregularly.

C.Restrictingthespeedofdrivingwithinreasonablelimits.

D.Testingtheamountofalcoholindrivers’bloodfrequently.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ironical

B.critical

C.indifferent

D.militant

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本題詢問這篇閱讀的中心思想。A選項(xiàng)意為“交通事故主要是由摩托車引起的”；B選項(xiàng)意為“只有更嚴(yán)格的交通法規(guī)能夠阻止事故的發(fā)生”；C選項(xiàng)意為“一些國家關(guān)于駕駛的法規(guī)太過松弛”；D選項(xiàng)意為“每年全世界有幾千人喪生”。分析全文內(nèi)容可知，文章前幾段主要分析了造成事故的幾個原因，而最后一段得出的結(jié)論是應(yīng)該通過更嚴(yán)格的交通法規(guī)才能更好地制止交通事故的發(fā)生，所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題詢問下列哪一項(xiàng)論述不符合第二段的內(nèi)容。A選項(xiàng)意為“人們開車時通常無法保持安靜愉快的心情”；B選項(xiàng)意為“當(dāng)人們開車時，他們通常會發(fā)狂”；C選項(xiàng)意為“通常人們隱藏的能力會通過駕駛行為充分地發(fā)揮出來”；D選項(xiàng)意為“人們的壞品質(zhì)和負(fù)面情感會通過駕駛行為完全被公開”。根據(jù)原文“Ithasbeenrightlysaidthatwhenamanissittingbehindasteeringwheel,hiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality.Thereisnodoubtthatthemotor-caroftenbringsoutaman'sveryworstqualities.有人說得對，當(dāng)一個人坐在方向盤后面，他的車就成了他個性的延伸。毫無疑問，汽車常常顯露出一個人最壞的品質(zhì)?！笨芍藗冊隈{駛時的情緒和個人品質(zhì)會通過駕駛行為顯露出來，C選項(xiàng)正確；由原文“Peoplewhoarenormallyquietandpleasantmaybecomeunrecognizablewhentheyarebehindthesteeringwheel.通常安靜而愉快的人，當(dāng)他們坐在方向盤后面時，可能會變得面目無睹。”可知本段中并沒有說人們開車總是無法保持安靜和愉快，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題詢問下列哪一項(xiàng)沒有被作為阻止交通事故發(fā)生的一項(xiàng)對策提及。A選項(xiàng)意為“將駕照考試更標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和增加難度”；B選項(xiàng)意為“提高駕駛員的年齡限制并定期復(fù)查”；C選項(xiàng)意為“將駕駛速度限制在合理的范圍內(nèi)”；D選項(xiàng)意為“經(jīng)常測試司機(jī)血液中的酒精量”。根據(jù)原文最后一段中提出了的如何降低摩托車事故發(fā)生的方式“駕駛測試應(yīng)當(dāng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，比現(xiàn)在要更嚴(yán)格；所有四級每三年考核一次；年輕人駕車的允許年齡應(yīng)提高到21歲；全部機(jī)動車每年都應(yīng)經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格的安全測試”可知D選項(xiàng)沒有提及符合題意。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。本題詢問作者對于這種社會現(xiàn)象的態(tài)度。A選項(xiàng)意為“諷刺的”；B選項(xiàng)意為“批判的”；C選項(xiàng)意為“漠不關(guān)心的”；D選項(xiàng)意為“富有戰(zhàn)斗性的”。文章的前三段分別給出了導(dǎo)致交通事故發(fā)生的幾個原因，作者也呼吁各國制定更為嚴(yán)格的交通法規(guī)來阻止事故的發(fā)生，而對于摩托車事故，作者一直持批評的態(tài)度，B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Ourvisualperceptiondependsonthereceptionofenergyreflectingorradiatingfromthatwhichwewishtoperceive.Ifoureyescouldreceiveandmeasureinfinitelydelicatesense-data,wecouldperceivetheworldwithinfiniteprecision.Thenaturelimitsofoureyeshave,ofcourse,beenextendedbymechanicalinstruments;telescopesandmicroscopes,forexample,expandourcapabilitiesgreatly.Thereis,however,anultimatelimitbeyondwhichnoinstrumentcantakeus:thislimitisimposedbyourinabilitytoreceivesense-datasmallerthanthoseconveyedbyanindividualquantumofenergy.Sincethesequantaarebelievedtobeindivisiblepackagesofenergyandsocannotbefurtherretied,wereachapointbeyondwhichfurtherresolutionoftheworldisnotpossible.Itislikeadrawingachildmightmakebystickingindivisiblediscsofcolorontoacanvas.

Wemightthinkthatwecouldavoidthislimitationbyusingquantawithextremelylongwavelengths;suchquantawouldbesufficientlysensitivetoconveyextremelydelicatesense-data.Andthesequantawouldbeuseful,aslongasweonlywantedtomeasureenergy,butacompletelyaccurateperceptionoftheworldwilldependalsoont