2022年考研考博-考博英語-福建師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號8

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-福建師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Idon’treallyknowjohnallthatwells;he’sjusta（

）acquaintance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.random

B.formal

C.haphazard

D.casual

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。random意為“任意的”；formal意為“正規(guī)的”；haphazard意為“偶然的，隨意的”，一般指的是物；casual意為“偶然的”，acasualacquaintance意為“點(diǎn)頭之交，偶然相識”。

句意：我并不怎么了解約翰；我們只不過是泛泛之交。

2.單選題

Amillionmotoristsleavetheircarsfilledupwithpetrolandwiththekeysintheignitioneveryday.Thevehiclesaresittinginpetrolstationswhiledriverspayfortheirfuel.TheAutomobileAssociation(AA)hasdiscoveredthatcarsareleftunattendedforanaveragethreeminutes—andsometimesconsiderablylonger—asdriversbuydrinks,sweets,cigarettesandotherconsumeritems—andthenpayatthecashtill.Withpaymentbythecreditcardmoreandmorecommon,itisnotunusualforadrivertobeoutofhiscarforaslongassixminutes,providingthecarthiefwithagoldenopportunity.

InanexclusiveAAsurvey,carriedoutatabusygarageonamainroadoutofLondon,300motoristswerequestionedoverthreedaysoftheholidayperiod.Twenty-fourpercentadmittedthatthey“always”or“sometimes”leavethekeysintheircar.Thismeansthatnationwide,amillioncarsdailybecomeeasytargetsfortheopportunistthief.

Formorethantenyearstherehasbeenabiggerriseincarcrimethaninmostothertypesofcrime.Anaverageofmorethantwocarsaminutearebrokeninto,vandalizedorstolenintheUK.Carcrimeaccountsforalmostathirdofallreportedoffenceswithnosignsthatthetrendisslowingdown.

Althoughtherearehighlyprofessionalcriminalsinvolvedincartheft,almost90percentofcarcrimeiscommittedbytheopportunist.Amateurthievesareaidedbyourowncarelessness.WhenAAengineerssurveyedontowncentercarparklastyear,tenpercentofthecarscheckedwereunlocked,afigurebackedbyaHomeOfficenationalsurveythatfound12percentofdriverssometimeslefttheircarsunlocked.TheAArecommendslockingupwheneveryouleavethecarandforhowevershortaperiod.Apartiallyopensun-rooforwindowisafurthercome-ontothieves.

Therearemanyothertrapstoavoid.TheHomeOfficehasfoundlittleawarenessamongdrivesaboutsafeparking.Mostmotoristsquestionedmadenoeffortstoavoidparkinginquietspotsawayfromstreetlights—justtheplacesthieves’love.TheAAadvisesdriverstoparkinplaceswithpeoplearound—thievesdon’tlikeaudiences.Leavingvaluablesinviewisaninvitationtothecriminals.AManchesterProbationaryServiceresearchproject,whichinterviewedalmost100carthieveslastyear,foundmanywouldinvestigateacoatthrownonaseat.Neverleaveanydocumentsshowingyourhomeaddressinthecar.Ifyouhaveagarage,useitandlockit—agaragecarisatsubstantiallylessrisk.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

2.Whereinthepassagedoestheauthormentionleavingvaluablesinviewisaninvitationtothecriminals?

3.ThecartheftisduetoallofthefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

4.Inordertopreventcartheft,peoplearerecommendedto

（

）.

5.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theuseofcreditcardsmayincreasetheriskofcartheft.

B.Itisadvisedthatthedriverstakecarkeyswiththem.

C.Mostcarsarestolenbyprofessionalthieves.

D.TheAAadvisesthatmotoristsleavetheircarslocked.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thefirstparagraph.

B.Thesecondparagraph.

C.Thethirdparagraph.

D.Thelastparagraph.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.people'scarelessness

B.unawarenessofsafeparking

C.coatleftonthecarseat

D.poorqualityofacarlock

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.parkcarsinquietplaces

B.useagarageandlockit

C.leaveasparecarkeyathome

D.becomeamemberofAA

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.analyzetheriseofthecartheftinBritain

B.reportthesurveyresultsbyAA

C.suggestthewaystoinvestigatecartheft

D.comparecarcrimewithothertypesofcrime

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中的Althoughtherearehighlyprofessionalcriminalsinvolvedincartheft,almost90percentofcarcrimeiscommittedbytheopportunist.（雖然有高度職業(yè)犯罪涉及汽車盜竊，幾乎90%的汽車犯罪是由機(jī)會主義者干的）可知只有少數(shù)汽車是被職業(yè)竊賊偷走的，因此C選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)汽車是被職業(yè)竊賊偷走的”說法不正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Leavingvaluablesinviewisaninvitationtothecriminals（把貴重物品放在顯眼的地方是對罪犯的一種誘惑）可知選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中的Amateurthievesareaidedbyourowncarelessness（我們自己的粗心大意給那些業(yè)余小偷助了一臂之力）可知與A選項(xiàng)“人的粗心”相符；由第五段中的TheHomeOfficehasfoundlittleawarenessamongdrivesaboutsafeparking（內(nèi)政部發(fā)現(xiàn)，駕車者對安全停車的意識很低）可知與B“未意識到安全停車”相符；由第五段中的whichinterviewedalmost100carthieveslastyear,foundmanywouldinvestigateacoatthrownonaseat.（這個研究項(xiàng)目去年采訪了近100名偷車賊，發(fā)現(xiàn)許多偷車賊會翻看一件扔在座位上的外套）可知與C選項(xiàng)“留在汽車座椅上的外套”相符，故排除A、B、C選項(xiàng)，因此選D，汽車鎖的質(zhì)量問題并沒有在文中提及。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Ifyouhaveagarage,useitandlockit—agaragecarisatsubstantiallylessrisk.（如果你有一個車庫，使用它并鎖上它——停在車庫里風(fēng)險要小得多）可知B選項(xiàng)“用車庫把它鎖上”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。通讀全文，可知本文主要分析了英國汽車盜竊案上升的原因：駕駛員的粗心大意；安全停車意識低；將值錢物品放到顯眼處；外套扔在車座上等等，因此選A。

3.單選題

Thecountryisnowundergoinganeconomic（

）inwhichbusinessactivityisgreatlyreducedandtheunemploymentrateishigh.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flourish

B.accession

C.sanction

D.recession

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。flourish意為“繁榮，昌盛”；accession意為“增加”；sanction意為“制裁，處罰”；recession意為“經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，不景氣”。

句意：這個國家正遭受嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，商業(yè)活動大大減少，失業(yè)率很高。

4.單選題

1.Lovehastoppledkings,inspiredpoets,sparkedwars,soothedbeasts,andchangedthecourseofhistory.Itiscreditedforlife'sgreatestjoys,blamedforthemostcrushingsorrows.Andofcourse,it"makestheworldgoaround."

2.Allofwhichisnosurprisetobiologists.Theyknowthatloveiscentraltohumanexistence.Wearenotjustprogrammedforreproduction.Thecapacityforlovingemotionsisalsowrittenintoourbiochemistry,essentialifchildrenaretogrowandtothrive.Andlove'sabsencecanbedevastating.Thelossofaspouseoftenhastensdeathinolderpeople.

3.Lovebeganwithmotherhood.Formammalianyoungtosurvive,mothersmustinvestconsiderabletimeandenergyinthem.Ofcourse,thevaryinggrowthratesofmammalianspeciesrequiresomemotherstoinvestmoretimeandenergythanothers.Anelephantsealsucklesherpupforonlyafewweeksbeforeabandoningit;otherspecies,includingelephants,someprimates,andespeciallypeople,lavishattentionontheiryoungforyears.

4.Withthehelpofoxytocin(achemicalthatfostersthebondbetweenmothersandchildren),dotingmothersareabletocatertotheiroffspring'severywhimandwhimper.Whenfemalesofmostmammalianspeciesgivebirth,theirbodiesarefloodedwithoxytocin,knownsince1906asahormonethatstimulatesuterinecontractionsandallowthebreaststo"letdown"milk.Butoxytocinalsoactsasaneurotransmitter,orchemicalmessenger,thatcanguidebehavior.Withoutit,aewecannotrecognizeherownlamb.Avirginfemaleratgivenashotofoxytocinwillnuzzleanotherfemale'spups,crouchingoverthemprotectivelyasiftheywereherown.

5.Studiesofasmallrodentknownastheprairievole,acuddlyballoffur,whosematingbondoflifelongmonogamywouldputmosthumancouplestoshame,indicateoxytocinmayalsoplayaroleintheheadyfeelingsassociatedwithromance."Youjustcan'timaginehowmuchtimetheseanimalsspendtogether.Prairievolesalwayswanttobewithsomebody,"saysCarter.Thevoles'undyingdevotionistheworknotonlyofoxytocinbutalsoofarelatedhormone,vasopressin.Whensinglemaleandfemaleprairievolesmeet;theycommenceatwo-day-longboutofsexthatreleasesoxytocininthefemale'sbrain,bondinghertothemale,whoprefershismate'scompanyaboveallothers,guardinghisfamilyagainstintruderswithajealoushusband'szeal.

6.Likesomehumanplayboys,maleprairievolesseemtogetakickoutofcourtshipmixedwithdanger.CarterandcolleagueCourtneyDeVriesmadeyoung,unmatedvolesswimforthreeminutesbeforeallowingthemtomeetaprospectivemate.Theexerciseelevatedtheanimals'stresshormones,whicharealsoheightenedbyfear.Butwhilefemalesscurriedoffaftertheswimwithoutbondingtothemalesastheynormallywould,malevolesbondedfasterthanever.

7.Humanbeings—unlikerodents—arenotentirelyslavestotheirhormones.Butthebehaviorofvolesmayholdcluestowhymenandwomensometimesholddivergentviewsofsexandromance.Whilemanywomenprefercandlelightandsweettalk,menaremoreapttowelcomearollinthehayanytime,anywhere.Forsomemen(andsomewomen),sexisespeciallyenticingwhenforbidden.CarterandDeVriessuspectstresshormonescaninterferewithoxytocin'sactioninthebrain,keepingafemalevolefrombonding,andperhapspreventingmostwomenfromfindingdangersexuallyexciting.Vasopressin,incontrast,appearstoworkbetterinthepresenceofcertainstresshormones,possiblymakingdangeranaphrodisiacformanymales.

8.Passionateorplatonic,loveaffectsthewholebody,settingtheheartpounding,makingthestomachdoflip-flops,andofcourse,lightingthelionsonfire.Thesevisceralsensationsaretheworkofthevagusnerve,whichtracesameanderingpaththroughthebody,coordinatingtheactivitiesofinternalorgans,saystheUniversityofMaryland'sStephenPorges.Thevagusferriessignalsbetweenourinnardsandourbrains,conveyinginformationupwardaboutourinternalstateandsendingordersdownfromthebraintotheheart,thestomach,thelungs,andthesexorgans.

9.Withoutthevagus,saysPorges,lovewouldbeimpossible.Onepartofthenerveisevolutionarilyancient,controllingprimitivefunctionssuchassex,hunger,andfear.This"old"vagusrespondstooxytocinandservesasthepathwaybetweensexualorgansandthebrainforfeelingsofbotharousalandsatiationaftersex.ButPorgesarguesthatinmammals,newerbranchesofthevagusalsoconnectemotionalbraincenterswiththeheart,theface,andthevocalequipment,helpingtocoordinatefeelingswithfacialandverbalexpression.

10.Inotherwords,thepoetsandbardswerefightaboutonething.Theheartspeaksthelanguageoflove.AsEnglishpoetW.H.Audenwrote:"Whereloveisstrengthened,hoperestored,inheartsbychemicalaccord.Itmaynotliterallyskipabeatatthesightofone'sdesireorbreakwithsorrow,buttheheart'srhythmsareexquisitelytunedtolove."

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfrompassageaboutelephantseals?

2.Thedifferentloveritualsemployedbymenandwomencouldbeattributedtothepresenceofwhichofthefollowing?

3.WhichofthefollowingcouldbethebestanalogytothevagusnervedescribedinParagraph8?

4.Animalsequippedonlywith"old"vaguscanNOTdowhichofthefollowing?

5.Thepurposeofthelastparagraphisto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thefemalesareirresponsiblemothers.

B.Theiryoungtakelesstimetogrowupthanyoungelephants.

C.Theyhaveashorterlifespanthanelephants.

D.Theyreproducemorerapidlythanelephant.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Oxytocin.

B.Vasopressin.

C.Interactionofoxytocinandvasepressin.

D.Stresshormones.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ahighwaybetweentwocites.

B.Airrouteslinkingmajorcitiesaroundtheworld.

C.TheWorldWideWeb.

D.CircuitslinkingtheCPUandtheaccessoriesinthecomputer.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Feelhungry.

B.Experiencefear.

C.Feelsexualarousal.

D.Faciallyexpressemotions.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.indicatethatpoetsandbardsaremostcapableofexpressinglove

B.implythatloveisexpressedthroughtheheartratherthroughthefaceorthevoice

C.givesupporttothestatementthatnewerbranchesofvagusconnecttheemotionalbraincenterstotheheart,thefaceandthevocalequipment

D.drawaconclusionbasedonthefactsinthepreviousparagraph

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干中的elephantseals可定位到文章第三段中，由Anelephantsealsucklesherpupforonlyafewweeksbeforeabandoningit;otherspecies,includingelephants,someprimates,andespeciallypeople,lavishattentionontheiryoungforyears.（一只海象在拋棄它的幼仔之前只給它喂奶了幾個星期；其他物種，包括大象、一些靈長類動物，特別是人類，多年來一直在關(guān)注他們的幼仔）可知B選項(xiàng)“海象的幼仔比小象花更少的時間長大”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第七段中的CarterandDeVriessuspectstresshormonescaninterferewithoxytocin'sactioninthebrain,keepingafemalevolefrombonding,andperhapspreventingmostwomenfromfindingdangersexuallyexciting.Vasopressin,incontrast,appearstoworkbetterinthepresenceofcertainstresshormones,possiblymakingdangeranaphrodisiacformanymales.（Carter和DeVries懷疑壓力荷爾蒙會干擾大腦中的后葉催產(chǎn)素，阻止雌性田鼠與雄性結(jié)合，可能同樣導(dǎo)致大多數(shù)女性認(rèn)為危險并不具有性吸引力。相反，后葉加壓素與壓力荷爾蒙則產(chǎn)生不同的效果，可能促使多數(shù)男性認(rèn)為危險具有性吸引力）可知壓力荷爾蒙與不同的激素結(jié)合，在男性和女性身上會產(chǎn)生不同的效果，因此選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干：以下哪項(xiàng)可能是第8段所述迷走神經(jīng)的最佳類比？

由文章第八段中的Thevagusferriessignalsbetweenourinnardsandourbrains,conveyinginformationupwardaboutourinternalstateandsendingordersdownfromthebraintotheheart,thestomach,thelungs,andthesexorgans.（迷走神經(jīng)在內(nèi)臟和大腦之間傳遞信號，將身體內(nèi)部狀態(tài)向上傳遞給大腦，再將大腦指令傳遞給心臟、胃、肺以及性器官）可知D選項(xiàng)“連接CPU和計算機(jī)附件的電路”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第九段中的Onepartofthenerveisevolutionarilyancient,controllingprimitivefunctionssuchassex,hunger,andfear.（迷走神經(jīng)的一部分從人類進(jìn)化初期就出現(xiàn)，控制著性、饑餓和恐懼等原始功能）可知迷走神經(jīng)不包括面部表情，因此選D。

5.主旨大意題。由文章最后一段第一句Inotherwords（換句話說）可知本段是對上一段的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，由第九段最后一句ButPorgesarguesthatinmammals,newerbranchesofthevagusalsoconnectemotionalbraincenterswiththeheart,theface,andthevocalequipment,helpingtocoordinatefeelingswithfacialandverbalexpression.（但Porges認(rèn)為，在哺乳動物中，迷走神經(jīng)的新分支也連接大腦情感中心與心臟、臉部、發(fā)聲器官、幫助協(xié)調(diào)感覺與面部和語言表達(dá)）可知C選項(xiàng)“支持一種說法，即迷走神經(jīng)的新分支將大腦情感中心與心臟、面部和發(fā)聲器官連接起來”符合題意。

5.單選題

Themayorwasaskedto（

）hisspeechinordertoallowtheaudiencetoraisequestions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.constrain

B.conduct

C.condense

D.converge

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。constrain意為“強(qiáng)制，限制”；conduct意為“組織”；condense意為“精簡，壓縮（文字、信息等）”；converge意為“匯集，聚集”。

句意：市長被要求壓縮他的演講，以便讓聽眾可以提問。

6.問答題

Inspiteof(A)hisaged(B)appearance,hismovementswereasspirited(C)asayoungman(D).

【答案】試題答案：D;ayoungman’s

【解析】考查比較級。as...as意為“與……一樣”，hismovements（他的動作）不能與ayoungman（年輕人）進(jìn)行比較，應(yīng)與ayoungman’smovements比較，為了避免重復(fù)，此處可將ayoungman’smovements中的movements省略，改為ayoungman’s。

7.單選題

1.Flattery,RichardStengelwritesbywayofdefininghisterms,“isstrategicpraise,praisewithapurpose.Itmaybeinflatedorexaggeratedoritmaybeaccurateandtruthful,butitispraisethatseekssomeresult,whetheritbeincreasedlikingoranofficewithawindow....Flatteryisalsoakindofbribe,anemotionalgratuitythatweacceptandwhichveryoftenrepaysthegiverwithsomethinghewants.Itisabribewewanttopocket....Flatteryatitscoreislanguagethatadvancesself-interestwhileconcealingitatthesametime.”

2.Allofwhichisperfectlytrue,butitneedstobequalified(asintimeStengeldoes)inoneimportantway:Flatteryisalmostalwaysrecognizableforexactlywhatitis.Ifitistrue,asprobablyitis,thatmostofusaresusceptibletoflatteryandwillingtoemployitinourowninterests,itisequallytruethatflatteryisinfrequentlysubtleandoftenblatant.Inmylineofwork,forexample,whenIseeinapublisher’scataloguethatawriterwithwhomIamacquaintedhasanewbookforthcoming,Icanpredictalmosttothedaytheletterorcallfromsaidauthorinwhich,inonefashionoranother,myownperspicacityandstylisticelegancewillbepraisedfulsomely,accompanied,perhaps,byaninvitationtolunch.Similarly,aletterore-mailfromsomeonewhollyunknowntomewillbeginwithpraiseformylatestbookrevieworcolumn,followed,apace,withthenewsthatthewriteroftheletter―orarelative,orafriend,oracolleague―isabouttocomeforthwith...abook.

3.Itisthewayoftheworld.Thoughinmycaseflatteryinfrequentlyproducesthedesiredresults——quitetothecontrary,ifthetruthbeknown——Icannotclaimthatthesilkenwordswhisperedinmyeargounheeded.StengelquotesLordChesterfield:“Thisprincipleofvanityandprideissostronginhumannature,thatisdescendseventothelowestobjects;andoneoftenseespeopleanglingforpraise.”Thoughwewouldpreferpraisethatisofferedwithoutulteriormotives,thatisheartfeltandgenerous,wereadilysettleformereflattery;wemaynotdeliverthequidproquosotransparentlysoughtbeneaththeoleaginouswords—wemayevenholdtheflattererincontempt—yetwearenotimpervioustothestrokingheorsheadministers;indeedwemayluxuriateinitevenaswepretendtoridiculeit.

4.“Todescribesomeoneasasocialclimberoraself-promoterisgenerallynotconsideredacompliment.Thosetwolabelsseemlikeparticularlymodernputdowns(andinthecultureofcelebritytheyhavebecomefull-timeoccupations).ButIwouldmakethecasethattheyaresimplyneutraltermsforfundamentalhumanbehavior,Infact,I’dcontendthatbasedontheprinciplesofevolutionarybiology,social-climbingandself-promotion.Theyareinourgenes.”

5.Flattery,hequitecorrectlysays,“isaformofcooperation,andcooperationisthesuccessfulevolutionaryprincipleofreciprocalaltruism.”AsSamRayburnusedtosay,duringhislongandproductivetenureasspeakeroftheHouseofRepresentatives,“Ifyouwanttogetalong,goalong.”Tobesureflatteryisroutinelycarriedtoobscenelengthsinthiscity,whichasStengelcorrectlypointsout“isinsomewaysclosertothecourtsofRenaissanceEuropethanitistoourmodernera,”yetitisthegreasethatoilsthewheelsofpoliticsandoftenenablesthegovernmentanditssatellitestoaccomplishworthwhilethings.ThespectaclethatmembersoftheSenatepresentwhentheyfawnovereachotheras“honorable”and“distinguished”ishardlyaprettyone,yetitisnotwithoutpurpose.

6.InAmericanlife,flatteringinfluentialindividualsisanessentialpartofthemachineryofsocietyandbusiness.InaperceptivechaptercalledHowDaleCarnegieWonFriendsandInfluencedPeople,Stengelshowshow“thesimplestdevicesofpayingattention,offeringappreciationandthegivingofsmallflatteries”havebecomesoengrainedthatitishardtoimaginefunctioningwithoutthem.Therulesofflattery—oritshandmaiden,ingratiation—areclear:“avoidcomplimentingthetarget...inawaythatmakesitclearyouwantareward;makesurethecomplimentisplausible;praiseanattributeaboutwhichthetargetisuncertain;anddon’tleavetheimpressionthatyouareapromiscuouspraise.”Doallofthatandyoutoocansucceedinbusiness—oranythingelse—withoutreallytrying?

7.Allofwhichshould,makeclear—especiallytoyou,gentleandquick-wittedreader—thatStengelhaswrittennotmerelyapopularhistoryofflatterybutalsoaguidetoitsemployment.Hedoesthelatterwithtongueslightlyincheek—attimestothepointthathisprosebecomesexcessivelychattyandbreezy—yetthetruthisthathiscounsel,andthatofthemanyotherswhomhequotes,probablycanbeusedtogoodpurpose.Ifyoumustflatter-andtherearetimeswhenflatteryisclearlythewisestcourse—thenbyallmeansdoitwell.

1.whenflatteryisclearlythewisestcourse—thenbyallmeansdoitwell.

2.AccordingtoRichardStengel,allofthefollowingaretrueofflatteryEXCEPT（

）.

3.Inthesecondparagraph,thewritermakesthepointthat

（

）.

4.Themainideaofthethirdparagraphisthat

（

）.

5.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecourtsofRenaissanceEurope(Para.5)?Thewriter'sattitudetowardRichardStengel'sviewsregardingflatterycanbestbedescribedas（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itcanstretchthetruth

B.ithasapurpose

C.itisanunsuccessfulbribe

D.itcanbeexpressedsubtly

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.flatterersoftenachievetheirobjectives

B.flatteryisoftenblatant

C.thewriterisoftenflattered

D.weareoftentemptedbyflattery

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.flatteryseldomproducesthedesiredresults

B.humansarevainandproud

C.it'sonlyhumantoenjoyflattery

D.wefindflatteryobjectionable

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theywereverysimilartoourmodernera.

B.Theybannedflattery.

C.Theyencouragedflattery.

D.Theywerenotpopularwiththegeneralrepublic.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.neutral

B.favorable

C.doubtful

D.critical

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Flatteryisalsoakindofbribe,anemotionalgratuitythatweacceptandwhichveryoftenrepaysthegiverwithsomethinghewants.（阿諛奉承也是一種賄賂，一種我們可以接受的情感饋贈，常常會用回報給贈予者他想要的東西）可知阿諛奉承是一種成功的賄賂，因此選C。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Flatteryisalmostalwaysrecognizableforexactlywhatitis...itisequallytruethatflatteryisinfrequentlysubtleandoftenblatant.（阿諛奉承幾乎總是可以確切地認(rèn)出它是什么……同樣的事實(shí)是，奉承不那么微妙，常常是明目張膽的）可知選B。A選項(xiàng)為第一段的內(nèi)容；C選項(xiàng)只是作者用自己的經(jīng)歷舉例說明，阿諛奉承很顯而易見；D選項(xiàng)在第二段中沒有出現(xiàn)，因此選B。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Itisthewayoftheworld...indeedwemayluxuriateinitevenaswepretendtoridiculeit.（阿諛奉承是人之常情……事實(shí)上，即使我們假裝嘲笑它，我們也可以盡情享受它）可知C選項(xiàng)“喜歡聽阿諛奉承的話是人類的天性”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第五段中的Tobesureflatteryisroutinelycarriedtoobscenelengthsinthiscity,whichasStengelcorrectlypointsout“isinsomewaysclosertothecourtsofRenaissanceEuropethanitistoourmodernera”（阿諛奉承在這座城市里到處都有，正如Stengel正確的指出“在某些方面更接近文藝復(fù)興時期的歐洲，而不是我們的現(xiàn)代時代”）可推測阿諛奉承在文藝復(fù)興時期的歐洲宮廷也十分流行，因此選C。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由文章第二段中的Allofwhichisperfectlytrue（所有這些都是完全正確的）和第五段中的Flattery,hequitecorrectlysays（阿諛奉承，他說得很對）與whichasStengelcorrectlypointsout（正如Stengel正確的指出）可知作者對RichardStengel的觀點(diǎn)都是用的正面肯定的詞，故可知作者是贊成RichardStengel的觀點(diǎn)的，因此選B。

8.單選題

Oncethevice-chancellorofauniversityis（

）,hebeginshistermofoffice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.launched

B.commenced

C.inaugurated

D.initiated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。launch意為“發(fā)射”；commence意為“開始，著手”；inaugurate意為“為（某人）舉行就職典禮，啟動，開創(chuàng)”；initiate意為“開始，發(fā)起”。

句意：大學(xué)副校長就職典禮一旦舉行，他就開始了任期。

9.單選題

Everythingintheshopistooexpensive;Iwon'tpay$200forthefurcoatbecauseitisnotworth（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.allthatmuch

B.thatmuchall

C.thatallmuch

D.muchallthat

【答案】A

【解析】考查限定詞詞序。限定詞的排序：前位限定詞（指量限定詞all，both，half等；倍數(shù)詞、分?jǐn)?shù)詞等）+中位限定詞（冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格）+后位限定詞（序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞，數(shù)量詞及短語many，much，little，few，plentyof，alotof）。

句意：商店里的東西都太貴了；我不會付200美元買這件毛皮大衣，因?yàn)樗静恢颠@么多錢。

10.單選題

Idon'tthinkthechargeforoverhaulingtheequipmentisexcessivein（

）toitssize.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.correspondence

B.equation

C.proportion

D.dimension

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。correspondence意為“一致，符合”；equation意為“方程式，等式，相等”；proportion意為“份額，比例”，inproportionto意為“與……成比例，與……相稱”；dimension意為“尺寸，規(guī)?！薄?/p>

句意：相對于它的尺寸來說，我認(rèn)為大修這個設(shè)備所花的費(fèi)用并不過分。

11.單選題

Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoatanevenearlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopersandadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overthelastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolutiontheshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavocon（擾亂）European’sprivatelives.

Europe’sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope’sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmerican-stylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today’stech-savvy（精通技術(shù)的）workershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModernEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage—twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegativedarkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles.Theywereyoung,beautifulandstrong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.

Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn’tleavemuchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn’tgottimetogetlonelybecausehehastoomuchwork.“Ihavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult.”O(jiān)nlyanidealwomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufrnann,authorofarecentbookcalled“TheSingleWomanandPrinceCharming,”thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreofmates,sorelationshipsdon’tlastlongiftheystartatall.EppendorfablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe’dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdidgiveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,“I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife.”

1.MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecause（

）.

2.WhatissaidaboutEuropeansocietyinthepassage?

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,thenewestgroupofsinglesare

（

）.

4.TheauthorquotesEppendorftoshowthat

（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualism

B.theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierage

C.theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstability

D.theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Ithasfosteredthetrendtowardssmallfamilies.

B.ItisgettingclosertoAmericanstylecapitalism.

C.Ithaslimitedconsumerchoicedespiteafreemarket.

D.Itisbeingthreatenedbyirresistibleprivatization.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.warmandlightheated

B.oneithersideofmarriage

C.negativeandgloomy

D.healthyandwealthy

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.somemodernwomenpreferalifeofindividualfreedom

B.thefamilyisnolongerthebasicunitofsocietyinpresent-dayEurope

C.someprofessionalpeoplehavetoomuchworktodotofeellonely

D.mostEuropeansconceivelivingasinglelifeasunacceptable

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Toreviewtheimpactofwomenbecominghighearners.

B.Tocontemplatethephilosophyunderlyingindividualism.

C.Toexaminethetrendofyoungpeoplelivingalone.

D.Tostresstherebuildingofpersonalrelationships.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe"irresistiblemomentumofindividualism"overthelastcentury.（一位法國社會學(xué)家認(rèn)為，從家庭生活到獨(dú)處生活方式的轉(zhuǎn)變，是上個世紀(jì)“不可抗拒的個人主義勢頭”的一部分）可知A選項(xiàng)“他們受到強(qiáng)烈的個人主義的驅(qū)使”符合題意。