【語(yǔ)法】介詞 完整版課件

高中英語(yǔ)精品語(yǔ)法課件介詞（第2課時(shí)）Lead-in選詞填空1.Thefightersflew_______thedarkclouds.Thefarmerssawthem.2.Herskirtjust________theknees.Youcanseeherknees.3.Thereisanoldstonebridge_________thesmallriver.4.Thesoldiersswam_________thedeepriver.5.Thebeautifulriverflows________thisimportantcity.6.Therewasaboat___________thestonebridge.7.Ourschoolmastershowedthevisitors__________theschool.8.Therearemanytalltrees___________theriverbanks.9.Thefarmerplantedtrees_________hishouse.over，below，over，under，across，along，around，through，aboutLead-in答案1.below2.above3.over4.across5.through6.under7.around8.along9.aboutPresentation1.表示“關(guān)于”的介詞表示“關(guān)于”的介詞有on，about，of等，用法區(qū)別如下：①on表示“專門論述”某個(gè)問題（理論、學(xué)術(shù)等），常用在名詞book，information，lecture，report，talk和動(dòng)詞talk，lecture，report，write等的后面，表示前面名詞或動(dòng)詞所要“論述”的內(nèi)容。OurhistoryteacherwillgiveusareportontheChinesehistory.我們的歷史老師將給我們作一個(gè)關(guān)于中國(guó)歷史的報(bào)告。Presentation②of“關(guān)于”某人或某事，表示粗略涉及到某個(gè)方面，如speakofsb/sth，areportoftheaccident等。of也可表示“專門論述”某問題，常用在標(biāo)題中，如OfCapitalism《資本論》。Hasyourfathereverspokenofmebeforeyou?你父親在你面前提起過(guò)我嗎？Presentation③about“關(guān)于”某人或某事，表示較詳細(xì)地涉及某個(gè)問題，屬一般用詞。如talkaboutsth/sb，areportaboutourfactory，astoryaboutourneighbour。Ihaveneverheardthestoryaboutyourfamily.聽說(shuō)過(guò)你家的故事。Presentation2.表示“通過(guò)”或“用……”的介詞表示方式、意義為“通過(guò)”或“用……”的介詞有by，with，through，in，on，over等。下面是它們的用法區(qū)別：①by用于“通過(guò)”某交通途徑或某做事方式，名詞前不用冠詞。但bythis/thatmeans。bybike（train），boat，ship，plane，air，sea，taxi，spaceship等）byhand（machine等）bythinkinghard，byaskingtheteacherforadvice，byspeaking等Presentation②on表示“通過(guò)”某交通方式或某媒介，名詞前要用冠詞。但onfoot/television。onthe/atrain（bike，bus，boat等）ontheradio（telephoned等）Presentation③in“用”語(yǔ)言原料材料等，名詞前一般不用冠詞；也表示“用”某種交通工具或其他工具，名詞前用冠詞。inthe/acar（taxi，spaceship，ship，等）inRussian（Chinese，Japanese等）inink（pencil）Presentation④through“通過(guò)”某人或某種媒體，名詞前用冠詞。throughTom’sfather，throughtheradio（telescope等）⑤with“用”某工具或身體器官，名詞前要用冠詞。withastone（stick，pen，pencil，knife等）withmylefthand（ourfeet等）Presentation⑥over“通過(guò)”某種媒體，名詞前用冠詞。overtheradio（phone等）有些可以互相替換使用的結(jié)構(gòu)有：bybike/bus/train…=onabike/bus/train…；bycar/taxi/spaceship…=inacar/taxi/spaceship…；bytelevision=on/throughtelevision；byradio=on/over/throughtheradio；byhand/machine=withhands/machinesSpotlight1.Toourjoy,ourclasswillhaveapartyontheChristmasDay.令我們高興的是，我們班在圣誕節(jié)將組織一個(gè)晚會(huì)。介詞短語(yǔ)toone’sjoy/delight/surprise/disappointment…意為“令人高興/吃驚/失望的是”，在句中表示結(jié)果，常放于句首。Tooursurprise,heworkedhardbutfailedthetest.令我們奇怪的是，他學(xué)習(xí)刻苦卻沒有通過(guò)考試。Toourdelight,thestudentscametoseeustoday.令我們高興的是，學(xué)生們今天來(lái)看望我們了。Toourdisappointment,theboymadethesamemistakeagain.令我們失望的是，這男孩又犯了同樣的錯(cuò)誤。Spotlight2.Mygrandfatherisbecomingbetterdaybyday.我爺爺一天天好起來(lái)了。Wegotothehospitaltoseemygrandfatherdayafterday.我們天天到醫(yī)院去看望爺爺。dayafterday和daybyday都可譯成“一天天”，區(qū)別在于前者表示動(dòng)作的“重復(fù)”，后者表示人或事物的“變化”。其它關(guān)于year，week，month等的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)也有用法上的區(qū)別。Thegirlisgrowingtalleryearbyyear.那姑娘一年年在長(zhǎng)高。Thegirlgoesbacktoherhometowntoseeherfatherandmotheryearafteryear.那姑娘年年回家鄉(xiāng)去看望父母。Practice1.Manyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldnotbearound_______ThomasEdison.（2015江蘇）A.thanksto B.regardlessofC.asidefrom D.butfor答案：D?？疾榻樵~短語(yǔ)butfor引起的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。2.Thelittlepupiltookhisgrandma

thearmandwalkedheracrossthestreet.（2015陜西）A.on B.by C.in D.at答案：B。takesbbythearm“拖住某人的胳膊”。鏈接高考Practice3.______everyonehere,Iwishyouapleasantjourneybacktoyourcountry.（2013遼寧）A.BymeansofB.OnbehalfofC.InsearchofD.Forfearof答案：B。A項(xiàng)“通過(guò)…方式”；B項(xiàng)“代表…”C項(xiàng)“尋找…”；D項(xiàng)“以免，害怕”。根據(jù)句意，“我代表這兒的所有人”可知答案為B。

4.TheSmithsarepraised_______thewaytheybringuptheirchildren.（2013山東）A.from B.by C.at D.for答案：D。短語(yǔ)bepraisedfor….“因….而受到稱贊”。Practice用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空1.Whencrossingthestreet,shetookthegrandma_______thehand.2.Theportis_______thecrossingofthreerivers.3.Theboyswerepunished_______whattheyhaddone.4.Sheputthechair_______thewallandclimbedout_______thewindow.5.Hiswordsdon’tagree_______hisaction.6.Thegirlcamein,_______herfacered.隨堂練習(xí)Practice用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空7.Wegetpaid_______themonth.8.Watchout.Adogisrunning_______you.9.Allthischanged_______theinventionofrailways.10.Thecupfell_______thetableandbroke.11.Ipreferplayingbasketball_______volleyball.12.Allenisgood_______languageandsheisalwaysgood_______me.隨堂練習(xí)Practice答案：1.by2.at3.for4.against,through

5.with6.with7.by8.after/behind9.with10.off11.to12.at,toPractice選擇填空1.—Youaresolucky.—Whatdoyoumean__________that?（

2002北京春）A.forB.inC.ofD.by2.Luckily，thebulletnarrowlymissedthecaptain__________aninch.（

2002上海）A.byB.atC.toD.from3.—Whatdoyouwant__________thoseoldboxes?—TopullthingsinwhenImovetothenewflat.（

2002北京）A.byB.forC.ofD.withPractice4.MarieCurietooklittlenotice__________thehonoursthatweregiventoherinherlateyears.（

2002上海春）A.ofB.onC.aboutD.from5.Theyhadaple