基礎醫(yī)學專業(yè)英語單詞

-.-.-可修編--可修編-..系統(tǒng)與局部解剖學系解Aoticorifice主動脈口Coronaryartery冠狀動脈Coronarysinus冠狀竇Aortamoncarotidartery頸總動脈ExternalcarotidA頸外動脈SubclavianA鎖骨下動脈MaxillaryA上頜動脈SuperficialtemporalA顳淺動脈VertebralA椎動脈InternalthoracicA胸廓動脈SuperiorthyroidA甲狀腺上動脈AxillaryA腋動脈BrachialA肱動脈RadialA橈動脈UlnarA尺動脈Superior(deep)palmararch掌淺(深)弓Thoracicaorta胸主動脈LeftgastricA胃左動脈monhepaticA肝總動脈SplenicA脾動脈

ObturatorA閉孔動脈CephalicV頭靜脈BasilicaV貴要靜脈BrachiocephalicV頭臂靜脈ExternaliliacV髂外靜脈Inferiorvenacava下腔靜脈Hepaticportalvein肝門靜脈Menisci半月板Obturatornerve閉孔神經(jīng)Superiormesentericartery腸系膜上動脈Hypophysis垂體Sacralplexus骶叢Adductorbrevis短收肌momperonealnerve腓總神經(jīng)Accessorynerve副神經(jīng)Metaphysic干骺端Tendocalcaneus跟腱Femoraltriangle股三角Ulnarnerve尺動脈Greatsaphenousvein大隱靜脈Secondaryportaloflive第二肝門Gastroemius腓腸肌Inguinaltriangle腹股溝三角Celiactrunk腹腔干Olive橄欖Arcuateline弓狀線Bicepsbrachii肱二頭肌Phrenicocolicligament膈結腸韌帶Cricoidarch環(huán)狀軟骨Tendinoussheath腱鞘Sympathictrunk交感干Cervicalplexus頸叢Venousvalve靜脈瓣Subcostalnerve肋下神經(jīng)Pharyngealtonsil咽扁桃體Thoracicduct胸導管Coccyx尾骨Greatercurvatureofstomach胃大彎Omentalbursa網(wǎng)膜囊Bipolarneuron雙極神經(jīng)元striatedmuscle橫紋肌

sinus竇pectoralismagor胸大肌diaphragm膈inguinalligament腹股溝韌帶caudaequnia馬尾medullaoblongata延髓rigeminal三叉神經(jīng)greatersplanchnicnerve臟大神經(jīng)carpalcanal腕管palmaraponeurosis掌腱膜recotuterinepouch子宮直腸窩poplitealfossa腘窩costomediastinal recess 肋縱隔隱窩costodiaphragmaticrecess肋膈隱窩carotidsheath頸動脈鞘triangleofductusarteriosus動脈導管三角cornea角膜sclera鞏膜iris虹膜pupil瞳孔choroidmembrane脈絡膜retina 視網(wǎng)膜rodcell視桿細胞conecell 視錐細lens 玻璃體sphincterpupillae瞳孔括約肌dilatorpupillae瞳孔開大肌ciliarybody睫狀體opticdisc視神經(jīng)盤maculalutea黃斑tympaniccavity鼓室bonylabyrinth骨迷路cristaampullaris壺腹嵴vestibule前庭bonysemicircularcanals骨半規(guī)管cochlea耳蝸membraneouslabyrinth膜迷路maculascoustic 位覺斑cochlearduct蝸管graymatter灰質(zhì)whitematter白質(zhì)ganglion神經(jīng)節(jié)cervical,thoracic,lumber,sacral

nerve(plexus)頸胸腰骶phrenicnerve膈神經(jīng)brachialplexus臂叢mediannerve正中神經(jīng)thoracodorsalnerve胸背神經(jīng)intercostalsnerves肋間神經(jīng)subcostalnerve肋下神經(jīng)femoralnerve股神經(jīng)pudendalnerve陰部神經(jīng)sciaticnerve坐骨神經(jīng)tibialnerve脛神經(jīng)monperonealnerve腓總神經(jīng)musculocutaneousnerve肌皮神經(jīng)axillarynerve腋神經(jīng)pyramid錐體decussationofpyramid錐體交叉olive橄欖pons腦橋midbrain中腦cerebralpeduncle大腦橋inferiorcerebellarpeduncle大腦下腳cranialN腦神經(jīng)nucleusofoculomotornerve動眼神經(jīng) accessorynucleus副神經(jīng)核核E-Wnucleus動眼神經(jīng)副核oculomotornerve動眼神經(jīng)trochlearnerve滑車神經(jīng)trigeminalnerve三叉神經(jīng)ophthalmicnerve眼神經(jīng)MaxillaryN上頜神經(jīng)mandibularnerve下頜神經(jīng)abducentN展神經(jīng)hypoglossalN舌下神經(jīng)facialnerve面神經(jīng)olfactorynerve嗅神經(jīng)opticN視神經(jīng)cillaryganglion睫狀神經(jīng)節(jié)abducentnerve展神經(jīng)hypoglossalnerve舌下神經(jīng)vestibulocochlearN前庭蝸神經(jīng)glossophryngealN舌咽神經(jīng)superiorlaryngealN喉上神經(jīng)hypoglossalnerve舌下神經(jīng)nucleusambiguus疑核

dorsalnucleusofvagusnerve 背核mediallemniscus側丘系spinothalamic tract(lemniscus) 脊髓丘腦束corticospinaltract皮質(zhì)脊髓束pyramidaltract錐體束superior(inferior) salivatorynucleus上(下)泌涎核nucleusofsolitarytract孤束核gracile nucleus 薄束核 gracilis薄束cuneate nucleus 楔束核 cuneatus楔束cerebellum小腦cerebellarhemisphere小腦半球diencephalon間腦dorsalthalamus背側丘腦cerebralcortex大腦皮質(zhì)basalnuclei基底核lateralventricle側腦室corpuscallosum胼胝體frontal,temporal,occipital,parietal 額，顳，枕，頂葉corpusstriatum紋狀體association(missure)fibers聯(lián)絡(連合)纖維internalcapsule囊spinalduramater硬脊膜arachnoidmater蛛網(wǎng)膜piamater軟腦膜cavernoussinus海綿竇cerebralarterialcircle(williscycle)大腦動脈環(huán)spinalcord脊髓lumbosacralenlargement腰骶膨大conusmedullaris脊髓圓錐anteriorhorn(funiculus)前角(前索)posteriorhorn后角caudaequina馬尾nucleusproprius后角固有核intermediolateralnucleus中間外側核sacralparasympatheticnucleus骶副交

感核tongue舌頭lingualmuscle舌肌pharynx咽larynx喉laryngealcavity喉腔nasopharynx鼻咽oropharynx口咽laryngopharynx咽喉pharyngealrecess咽隱窩pharyngealtensil咽扁桃體esophagus食管stomach胃pancreas胰腺pylorus幽門cardia賁門greatercurvatureofstomach胃大彎superiorduodenalflexure十二指腸上曲ligamentofTreitz，suspensorymuscleofduodenum十二指腸懸韌帶duodenum十二指腸jejunum空腸ileum回腸vermiformappendix闌尾caecum盲腸colon結腸rectum直腸pancreas胰liver肝portahepatic肝門gallbladder膽囊fundusofgallbladder膽囊底colottriangle膽囊三角monbileduct膽總管urinarybladder膀胱renalsinus腎竇fissureofglottis聲門裂trachea氣管bronchus,bronchi支氣管pleura胸膜pleuralcavity胸膜腔hilumoflung肺門kidney腎

renalhilum腎門renalcortex腎實質(zhì)renalmedulla腎髓質(zhì)ureter輸尿管 uterus子trigoneofbladder 膀胱三角deferentduct,ductusdeferens輸精管spermaticcord精索maleurethra男性尿道ovary卵巢uterinetube輸卵管fornixofvagina陰道穹atrium心房ventricle心室orificeofsuperiorvenacava上腔靜脈口papillarymuscles乳頭肌trabeculaecarneae肉柱oropharynx口咽papillae乳頭狀突起tonsil扁桃體angularincisure角切跡dentateline齒狀線conuselasticus彈性圓錐局解頸部Carotidtriangle頸動脈三角External(Internal)jugularvein頸外()靜脈moncarotidartery頸總動脈Carotidsinus頸動脈竇Cervicalfascia勁筋膜Vagusnerve迷走神經(jīng)Accessorynerve副神經(jīng)Musculartriangle肌三角Thyroidgland甲狀腺：Superiorlaryngealnerve喉上神經(jīng)Parathyroidglands甲狀旁腺Recurrentlaryngealnerve喉返神經(jīng)Ansacervicalis頸袢Carotidsheath頸動脈鞘Triangleofvertebralartery椎動脈三角手部Palmaraponeurosis掌腱膜Carpalcanal腕管

vocalligament聲韌帶Midpalmarspace掌中間隙Superficial(deep)palmararch掌淺(深)弓Thenarspace魚際間隙Tendinoussheathsoffingers指腱鞘Vinculatendinum腱紐Palmarintermediateseptum掌中隔Ulnarbursa尺側囊Radialbursa橈側囊腋窩、臂前區(qū)及前臂前區(qū)axillaryfossa腋窩musculocutaneousnerve肌皮神經(jīng)axillarylymphnodes腋淋巴結clavipectoralfascia鎖胸筋膜trilateralforaman三邊孔quadrilateralforaman四邊孔mediannerve正中神經(jīng)ulnarnerve尺神經(jīng)radialnerve橈神經(jīng)thoracodorsalnerve胸背神經(jīng)cubitalfossa肘窩poplitealfossalongthoracicnerveveinbasilicvein貴要靜脈mediancubitalvein肘正中靜脈medianantebrachialvein前臂正中靜脈brachialartery肱動脈deepbrachialartery肱深動脈臂后區(qū)、前臂后區(qū)及手背Humeromusculartunnel肱骨肌管Dorsalvenousreteofhand手背靜脈網(wǎng)Extensorretinaculum伸肌支持帶下肢Superior(inferiorglutealnerve臀上(下)神經(jīng)Sciaticnerve坐骨神經(jīng)Internalpudendalartery陰部動脈Lessersciaticforamen坐骨小孔Greatsaphenousvein大隱靜脈Fascialata闊筋膜Iliotibialtract髂脛束

Saphenoushiatus隱靜脈裂孔Lacunamusculorum肌腔隙Lacunavasorum血管腔隙femoraltriangle股三角femoralsheath股鞘Femoralcanal股管Adductorcanal(Huntercanal)收肌管Adductortendinousopening收肌腱裂孔Obturatorartery閉孔動脈Poplitealfossa腘窩Tibialnerve脛神經(jīng)monperoneal(fibular)nerve腓總神經(jīng)Superficial(deep)peronealnerve腓淺(深)神經(jīng)saphenousnerve隱神經(jīng)anterior(posteriortibialartery 動脈malleolarcanalRootoflung肺根costodiaphragmaticresess肋膈隱窩Cupulaofpleura胸膜頂：Superiormediastinum上縱隔Azygosvein奇靜脈Superiorvenacava上腔靜脈Aorticarch主動脈弓Arterialligament動脈韌帶Triangleofductusarteriosus動脈導管三角Greater(Lesser)splanchnicnerve臟大(小)神經(jīng)thoracicduct 結腸下區(qū)hepaticportavein肝門靜脈suspensorymuscleofduodenum十二指腸懸韌帶majorduodenalpapilla十二指腸大乳頭hepatopancreaticampulla肝胰壺腹superior(inferior)mesentericartery腸系膜上(下)動脈ileocecalvalve回盲瓣radixofmesentery小腸系膜根vermiformappendix闌尾colicmarginalartery邊緣動脈

腹膜后間隙renalpedicle腎蒂ureter輸尿管renalhilum腎門renalfascia腎筋膜abdominalaorta腹主動脈inferiorvenacava下腔靜脈lumbarsympathetictrunk腰交感干cisternachyli乳糜池腹前外側壁parietalperitoneum壁腹膜sheathofrectusabdominis腹直肌鞘obliquusexternusabdominis腹外斜肌superficial(deep)inguinalring腹股溝淺(深)環(huán)inferiorepigastricartery腹壁下動脈inguinaltriangle腹股溝三角transversefascia腹橫筋膜結腸上區(qū)hepaticpedicle肝蒂greater(lessor)omentum大(小)網(wǎng)膜monbileduct膽總管calottriangle卡洛三角，膽囊三角hepatoduodenalligament帶

leftgastricartery胃左動脈subphrenicspace膈下間隙portahepatis肝門celiactrunk腹腔干組織胚胎學Histology 組織學Embryology 胚胎學Teratology 畸形Staining 染色Hematoxylin木精Eosin 伊紅Section 切片Smear 涂片Tissueculture 組織培養(yǎng)Electronmicroscope 電子顯微Intercellularsubstance 細胞間質(zhì)Basophilia嗜堿Acidopilia嗜酸Epithelialtissue 上皮組織Endothelium 皮

Mesothelium 間Microvilli 微絨毛Cilia纖毛Basementmembrane 基膜Desmosome 橋粒Glandularepithelium 腺上Squamous/columnar epithelium扁平/柱狀上皮Loose(dense)connectivetissue 密)結締組織Collagenousfiber 膠原纖維Elasticfiber 彈性纖Reticularfiber 網(wǎng)狀纖維Fibroblast成纖維細胞Fibrocyte 纖維細胞Macrophage巨噬細胞Plasmacell 漿細Adiposetissue 脂肪組織Groundsubstance Mesenchyme間充質(zhì)Histamine組胺Leukotriene 白三Proteoglycan蛋白多糖Glycoprotein 糖蛋白Cartilage軟骨Chondrocyte 軟骨細胞Perichondrium 軟骨Osseoustissue 骨組Osteocyte 骨細胞Osteon 骨單位Osteoblast 成骨細胞Osteoclast 破骨細Ossification 骨化Serum 血清Erythrocyte紅細胞Hemolysis溶血Reticulocyte 網(wǎng)織紅細胞

Leukocyte 白細胞Neutrophilicgranulocyte 中性粒細胞Eosinophilicgranulocyte嗜酸性粒細Basophilicgranulocyte 嗜堿性粒細胞Monocyte 單核細胞Lymphocyte 淋巴細胞Bloodplatelet 血小板Hemopoieticstemcell造血干細胞Skeletalmuscle 骨骼肌Cardiacmuscle 心肌Smoothmuscle 平滑肌Myofibril 肌原纖維Intercalateddisk 閏Sarere 肌節(jié)Sarcoplasm肌質(zhì)Thick(thin)myofilament Terminalcisterna終池Lipofuscin脂褐素Dendrite 樹突Axon 軸突Dendriticspine樹突棘Synapse突觸Astrocyte 星形膠質(zhì)細胞Oilgodendrocyte 少突膠質(zhì)細Microglia小膠質(zhì)細胞Myelinsheath髓鞘Myelinated(unmyelinated)nervefibe有(無)髓神經(jīng)纖維Tactilecorpuscle觸覺小體Ganglion神經(jīng)節(jié)Nisslbody尼氏體Neurofibril神經(jīng)原纖維Neuroglia 神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)Freenerveending 游離神經(jīng)末Motorendplate 運動終板Epidermis 表皮Dermis 真皮Hypodermis 皮下組織Sebaceousgland 皮脂腺Capillary 毛細血Sinusoid 血竇Arteriole 微動脈Endocardium 心膜Myocardium 心肌膜

Epicardium 心外膜Cardiacvalve 心瓣Bone-marrow dependent 骨髓依賴淋巴細胞lymphoidnodule 淋巴小paracorticalzone 副皮質(zhì)區(qū)whitepulp 白髓blood-thymusbarrier 障periarteriallymphaticsheath 周圍淋巴鞘mononuclearphagocyticsystem單核吞噬細胞系統(tǒng)mucousmembrane 粘膜submucosa 粘膜下層tunicamuscularis 肌adventitia 外膜gastricgland 胃底腺parietalcell (oxynticcell) (鹽酸細胞)mucous-HCO3barrier 鹽屏障absorptivecell 吸收細胞gobletcell 杯狀細胞serousalveoli 漿液性腺泡smallintestinalgland 小腸pancreaticislet 胰島hepaticsinusoid 肝血竇perisinusoidalspace竇周liverlobule 肝小葉bronchiole 細支氣管terminalbronchiole終末細支氣管respiratorybronchiole呼吸性細支氣管pulmonaryalveoli 肺泡blood-airbarrier 氣血屏alveolarseptum 肺泡隔renalcorpuscle 腎小體glomerulus 血管球filtrationbarrier 濾過屏障podocyte 足細胞juxtaglomerularplex 球旁復合maculadensa 致密斑nephron 腎單位

proximal(distal)tubule 近(遠)端小thinsegment 細段zonaglomerulosa 球狀帶zonafasciculate 束狀帶zonareticularis 網(wǎng)狀帶hypophysis 腦垂體hypothalamus 下丘腦adenohypophysis 腺垂體neurohypophysis 神經(jīng)垂體spermatogenesis 精子發(fā)生sustentacularcell 支持細胞spermatogeniccell 生精細spermatozoa 精子blood-testisbarrier 血睪屏primaryfollicle 初級卵泡secondaryfollicle 次級卵ovulation 排卵menstrualcycle月經(jīng)周期corpusluteum 黃fertilization 受精cleavage 卵裂blastocyst 胚泡implantation 植入endoderm 胚層mesoderm 中胚層ectoderm 外胚層embryonicdisk 胚盤yolksac 卵黃囊neuraltube 神經(jīng)管fetalmembrane 胎decidua 蛻膜amnion 羊膜

umbilicalcord 臍帶chorion 絨毛膜placentalbarrier 胎盤屏congenitalumbilicalhernia 疝cleftlip 唇裂foramenovale 卵圓tetralogyofFallot 法洛四聯(lián)癥atrialseptaldefect 房間隔缺生理學Plasmamembrane 質(zhì)膜Biomembrane 生物膜Simplediffusion 單純擴散Facilitateddiffusion易化擴散Facilitateddiffusionviacarrier 易化擴散Facilitateddiffusionthroughionchannel經(jīng)通道的易化擴散primaryactivetransport原發(fā)性主動轉運

secondaryactivetransport繼發(fā)性主動轉運cotransport 聯(lián)合轉運Passivetransport 被動轉antiport逆向轉運symport同向轉運ionpump 離子sodium-potassiumpump鈉鉀泵calciumpump 鈣泵exocytosis 出胞endocytosis 入胞trasmembranesignaltransduction跨膜信號轉導trasmembranesignaling跨膜信號傳遞secondmessenger第二信使Restingpotential 靜息電位Hyperpolarization 超極depolarization去極化overshoot 超射repolarization 復極化equilibriumpotential平衡電位K+leakchannel鉀漏通道Electrotonicpotential 電緊電Actionpotential 動作電位Spikepotential峰電位After-potential后電位Afterdepolarization后去極Thresholdintensity閾強度All-or-none 全或無Inward(outwardcurrentLocalexcitation 局部興奮

saltatoryconduction跳躍式傳導thresholdstimulus 閾刺激excitability 興奮性close關閉activation激活inactivation失活excitablecell可興奮細胞absoluterefractoryperiod絕對不應期relativerefractoryperiod相對不應期effectiverefractoryperiod有效不應期supranormalperiod超常期subnormalperiod低常期acetylcholine,Ach乙酰膽堿neuromuscularjunction神經(jīng)-肌接頭endplatepotential終板電位Sarere 肌節(jié)Myofilamentslidingtheory肌絲滑行理論Excitation-contractioncoupling興奮-收縮耦聯(lián)Calcium-inducedCa2+releaseIsometriccontraction等長收縮Isotoniccontraction等收縮preload前負荷initiallength初長度optimallength最適初長Afterload 后負荷retanus強直收縮Inpletetetanus pletetetanus完全性強直收縮twitch單收縮contractility收縮能力或收縮性conductivity傳導性sinusrhythm竇性節(jié)律inwardrectifierK+channel向整流鉀通道fast(slow)responseactionpotential快(慢)反應動作電位actionpotentialduration,APD時程transientoutwardcurrent瞬時外向離子流plateau平臺

autorhythmiccell自律細胞diastolicdepolarization舒去極化pacemakercurrent起搏電流resting備用(靜息)activation激活inactivation失活effectiverefractoryperiod有效不應期prematuresystole期前收縮extrasystole期外收縮pensatorypause代償間歇autorhythmicity自動節(jié)律性cardiacarrthythmia心律失常sinusrhythm竇性心律dominantpacemaker主導起搏點latentpacemaker潛在起搏點capture搶先占領overdrivesuppression超速驅(qū)動壓抑conductivity傳導性preferentialpathway優(yōu)勢傳導通路functionalsyncytium功能合胞體electrocardiogramECG心電圖atrioventriculardelay房室延擱gapjunction縫隙連接cardiaccycle心動周期systole收縮期diastole舒期isovolumiccontractionphase等容收縮期atrialsystole心房收縮期ventricularsystole心室收縮期rapidejectionphase快速射血期reducedejectionphase減慢射血期isovolumicrelaxationphase等容舒期rapidfillingphase快速充盈期reducedfillingphase減慢充盈期heartsound心音strokevolume每搏輸出量，輸出量ejectionfraction射血分數(shù)minutevolume每分輸出量cardiacoutput心輸出量cardiacindex心指數(shù)strokework每搏功，博功minutework每分功cardiacefficiency心臟的效率

cardiacreserve心力儲備inotropicstate變力狀態(tài)homometricregulation等長調(diào)節(jié)heterometricautoregulation異長自身調(diào)節(jié)windkesselvessel彈性貯器血管precapillary (postcapillary) vessel毛細血管前(后)阻力血管bloodflow血流量resistanceofbloodflow血流阻力bloodpressure血壓meancirculatoryfillingpressure 統(tǒng)平均充盈壓peripheralresistance外周阻力systolicpressure收縮壓diastolicpressure舒壓pulsepressure脈(搏)壓meanarterialpressure平均動脈壓arterialpulse動脈脈搏central(peripheral) venous pressure 心(外周)靜脈壓venousreturn靜脈回心血量microcirculation微循環(huán)interstitialfluid組織液effectivefiltrationpressure有效濾過壓edema水腫lymph淋巴液positivechronotropicaction正性變時作用positivedromotropicaction 作用positive(negative)inotropicaction正(負)性變力作用tonus緊cardiacvagal(sympathetic)tone心迷走(交感)緊sympatheticvasoconstrictortone交感縮血管緊cardiovascularcenter心血管中樞cardiovascularreflex心血管反射barorecepterreflex壓力感受性反射depressorreflex降(減)壓反射resetting重調(diào)定setpoint調(diào)定點

arterialbaroreceptor動脈壓力感受器cardiopulmonaryreceptor心肺感受器chemoreceptor化學感受器integrationpattern整合型式rennin-angiotensinsystem腎素-血管緊素系統(tǒng)adrenaline腎上腺素noradrenaline去甲腎上腺素vasopressinVP血管升壓素antidiuretichormone抗利尿激素kallikrein-kininsystem激肽釋放酶-激肽系統(tǒng)atrialnatriureticpeptide,ANP心房鈉尿肽coronarycirculation冠脈循環(huán)pulmonarycirculation肺循環(huán)respiratorywavesofbloodpressure動脈血壓的呼吸波hypoxicpulmonaryvasoconstriction低氧性肺血管收縮反應cerebralcirculation腦循環(huán)blood-cerebrospinalfluidbarrier血-腦脊液屏障blood-brainbarrier血-腦屏障autoregulationofrenalbloodflow腎血流量的自身調(diào)節(jié)tubulo-glomerularfeedback,TGF管球反饋glomerularfiltrationrate,GFR腎小球濾過率renalplasmaflow,RPF腎血漿流量effectivefiltrationpressure有效濾過率filtrationmembrane濾過膜filtrationequilibrium濾過平衡filtrationcoefficientKf濾過系數(shù)reabsorption重吸收aquaporinAQP水孔蛋白renalglucosethreshold腎糖閾secretion分泌intercalatealcell閏細胞principalcell主細胞urearecycling尿素再循環(huán)clearance清除率renalbloodflowRBF腎血流量juxtaglomerularapparatus球旁器

constantfractionalreabsorption定比重吸收glomerulotubularbalance球管平衡osmoticdiuresis滲透性利尿waterdiuresis水利尿renorenalreflex腎-腎反射micturtionreflex排尿反射scotopicvision晚光決,暗視覺photopicvisiondarkcurrent暗電流reducedeye簡化眼nearreflexofpupil瞳孔近反射pupillaryacmodationreflex瞳孔調(diào)節(jié)反射pupillarylightreflex瞳孔對光反射consensuallightreflex互感性對光反射convergence會聚convergencereflex輻輳反射errorofrefraction屈光不正myopia近視hyperopia遠視astigmatism散光visualacuity視敏度,視力,視銳度visualfield視野darkadaptation暗適應lightadaptation明適應hearingthreshold聽閾air(bone)conduction氣(骨)傳導travelingwavve行波endocochlearpotentialEP耳蝸電位endolymphaticpotential淋巴電位cochlearmicrophonicpotential耳蝸微音器電位haircell毛細胞vestibularautonomicreaction前庭自主神經(jīng)反射nystagmus眼震顫tastebud味蕾axoplasmictransport軸漿運輸trophicaction營養(yǎng)性作用synapse突觸mobilization動員trafficking擺渡targeting?？?/p>

docking著位fusion融合exocytosis出胞postsynapsepotential突觸后電位excitatory potential,EPSP(IPSP)興奮性(抑制)性性突觸后電位neurotransmitter神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)centralfacilitation中樞易化presynapticinhibition突觸前抑制afferentcollateralinhibition 抑制recurrentinhibition回返性抑制referredpain牽涉痛postsynaptic (presynaptic)inhibion(facilitation)突觸后(前)抑制(易化)posttetanicpotentiation強直后增強habituation習慣化sensitization敏感化long-termpotentiation,LTP長時程增強synapticplasticity突觸的可塑性plasticityofsynaptictransmission突觸傳遞的可塑性long-termdepression,LTD長時程壓抑varicosity曲體non-synapticchemicaltransmission非突觸性化學傳遞neurotransmitter神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)neuromodulator神經(jīng)調(diào)度neurotransmittercoexistence遞質(zhì)共存reuptake重攝取ionotropicreceptor促離子型受體metabotropicreceptor促代型受體presynapticreceptor突觸前受體acetylcholineAch乙酰膽堿cholinergicreceptor膽堿能受體norepinephrine,NE/noradrenaline,NA 甲腎上腺素epinephrine,adrenaline腎上腺素dopamineDA多巴胺serotonin/5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT 羥色胺

neuropeptide神經(jīng)肽brain-gutpeptide腦-腸肽unconditionedreflex非條件反射conditionedreflex條件反射localcircuitneurons局部回路神經(jīng)元localneuronalcircuit局部神經(jīng)元回路divergentconnection輻散式聯(lián)系convergentconnection聚合式聯(lián)系feeebackregulation反饋調(diào)節(jié)finalmonpath最后通路motorunit運動單位stretchreflex牽反射tendon reflex 腱反射(phasic reflex位相性牽反射)muscletonus肌緊(tonicstretchreflex緊性牽反射)kneejerk膝反射monosynapticreflex單突觸反射polysynapticreflex多突觸反射tendonorgan腱器官musclespindle肌梭spinalshock脊休克posturalreflex姿勢反射flexorreflex屈肌反射crossedextensorreflex對側伸肌反射intersegmentalreflex節(jié)間反射decerebraterigidity去大腦僵直inhibitoryarea抑制區(qū)facilitatoryarea易化區(qū)attitudinalreflex狀態(tài)反射rightingreflex翻正反射basalganglia基底神經(jīng)節(jié)directpathway直接通路indirectpathway間接通路Parkinson’s disease 帕金 森(paralysisagitans震顫麻痹)statictremor靜止性震顫Huntingtong’s disease 亨廷頓(chorea舞蹈病)athetosis手足徐動癥intentiontremor意向性震顫adiadochokinesia輪替運動不能cerebellarataxia小腦性共濟失調(diào)visceralnervoussystem臟神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)

autonomicnervoussystem自主神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)preganglionicfiber節(jié)前纖維parasympatheticnerve副交感神經(jīng)hypothalamus下丘腦osmoreceptor滲透壓感受器hypothalamicregulatorypeptide下丘腦調(diào)節(jié)肽biorhythm生物節(jié)律circadianrhythm日節(jié)律limbicsystem邊緣系統(tǒng)instinctualbehavior本能行為feedingcenter攝食中樞satietycenter飽中樞emotion情緒fear恐懼rage發(fā)怒defensereaction防御反應fight-flightreaction格斗-防御反應bloodvolume血量specificgravity比重viscosity粘度rouleaux疊連crystalosmoticpressure晶體滲透壓colloidosmoticpressure膠體滲透壓suspensionstability懸浮穩(wěn)定性erythrocytesedimentationrateESR紅細胞沉降率osmoticfragility滲透脆性intrinsicfactor因子plateletadhesion血小板粘附hemostasis止血bloodgroup血型bloodcoagulation血液凝固thrombin凝血酶fibrinogen纖維蛋白原intrinsicpathway源性凝血途徑extrinsicpathway為原型凝血途徑tissuefactorTF組織因子prothrombinaseplex凝血酶原復合物externalrespiration外呼吸pliance順應性pulmonarysurfactant肺表面活性物質(zhì)tidalvolumeTV潮氣量

residualvolumeRV殘氣量lungcapacity肺容量pulmonaryventilation肺通氣量alveolarventilation肺泡通氣量ventilation/perfusionratio通氣/血流比值oxygensaturationofblood血液的氧飽和度oxygendissociationcurve氧解離曲線slowwavepotential慢波電位gastrointestinalhormone胃腸激素brain-gutpeptide腦腸肽pancreaticamylase胰淀粉酶enterohepaticcirculationofbilesalt膽鹽的肝腸循環(huán)segmentationcontraction分節(jié)運動peristalsis蠕動energymetabolism能量代adenosinetriphosphate,ATP三磷酸腺苷thermalequiavalentoffood食物的熱價respiratoryquotientRQ呼吸商basalmetabolicrateBMR基礎代率rectaltemperature直腸溫度circadianrhythm晝夜節(jié)律或日節(jié)律biologicalclock生物鐘insensibleperspiration不顯汗sensibleevaporation可感蒸發(fā)evokedcorticalpotential皮層誘發(fā)電位electroencephalogramEEG腦電圖ascendingreticularactivatingsystem網(wǎng)狀結構上行激動系統(tǒng)slowwavesleepSWS慢波睡眠paradoxicalsleepPS異相睡眠rapideyemovementsleepREM快速眼球運動睡眠dominanthemisphere優(yōu)勢半球steroidhormone類固醇激素affinity親和力hypothalamus-adenohypophysis targetglandaxis下丘腦-腺垂體-靶腺軸growth hormone releasing GHRH生長激素釋放激素somatostatin生長抑素

thyrotropin-releasinghormone,TRH促甲狀腺激素釋放激素corticotrophin-releasing 促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素釋放激素gonadotropin-releasing 促性腺激素釋放激素prolactin,PRLgrowthhormone,GH/somatotropin生長激素thyroid-stimulatinghormone,TSH/thyrotropin 促甲狀腺激素adrenocorticotropichormone,ACTH/adrenocorticotropin 腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素follicle-stimulatinghormone.FSH卵泡刺激素luteinizinghormone,LH黃體生成素melanophore-stimulatinghormoneMSH促黑激素vasopressinVP血管升壓素(antidiuretichormone)oxytocinOT縮宮素(催產(chǎn)素)thyroxine甲狀腺素insulin胰島素glucocorticoid糖皮質(zhì)激素testosterone睪酮Proprioception 本體感覺Enterokinase 腸激酶Cholinergicneuron 膽堿神經(jīng)Muscarinicreceptor 毒蕈堿受體Polyuria 多尿Reflexarc 反射弧Sensorimotorarea 感覺運動Tetrodotoxin 河豚毒Erythropoietin 紅細胞生成素Bradykinin 緩激肽Patchclamp 膜片鉗Cerebrospinalfluid 腦脊Endothelin 皮素visceralsensation臟感覺cortisol皮質(zhì)醇airconduction氣傳導

pneumothorax氣胸colorblindness色盲upregulation上調(diào)coretemperature深部溫度inspiratorycapacity,IC深吸氣量nerveimpulse神經(jīng)沖動neurosecretion神經(jīng)分泌physiologicaldeadspace生理無效腔ghrelin生長素elasticresistance彈性阻力conditionedstimulus條件刺激agony痛苦extrinsicpathway外源性凝血途徑peripheralchemoreceptor外周化學感受器peripheralvenouspressuregestation味覺inspiration吸氣intracellularfluid細胞液extracellularfluidregulation消化extinctioncardiacremodelingbreathinghemodynamics血流動力學hematocrit血細胞比容platelet血小板plateletaggregation血小板聚集

bloodviscosity血液粘滯度folicacid葉酸ectopicpacemaker異位起搏點tropomyosin原肌球蛋白positivenitrogenbalance正氮平衡positivefeedback正反饋centralvenouspressure中心靜脈壓病理學病理學 pathology臨床病理討論會 clinicalpathologicalconference活體組織檢查 尸體剖檢 autopsy器官病理學 organpathology細胞病理學 cellularpathology超微病理學 ultrastructuralpathology分子病理學 molecularpathology免疫病理學 immunopathology

遺傳病理學 geneticpathology損 傷 injury自 溶 autolysis萎 縮 atrophy自噬泡 autophagicvacuoles自噬溶酶體 autolysosmes殘留體 residualbody變 性 混濁腫脹 cloudyswelling水變性 hydropicdegeneration空泡變性 vacuolardegeneration脂肪變性 fattydegeneration

干酪性壞死 caseation液化性壞死 liquefactionnecrosis透明變性 hyaline吞飲作用 pinocytosis纖維素樣變性 fibrinoiddegeneration粘液樣變性 mucoiddegeneration粘 液 mucin類粘液 粘液水腫 myxedema淀粉樣變 含鐵血黃素 hemosiderin膽紅素 bilirubin脂褐素 黑色素 melanin病理性鈣化pathologicalcalcification營養(yǎng)不良性鈣化dystrophiccalcification壞 死 necrosis核濃縮 pyknosis核碎裂 karyorrhexis核溶解 失活組織 devitalizedtissue凝固性壞死 coagulationnecrosis

溶解壞死 lyticnecrosis脂肪壞死 fatnecrosis壞 疽 gangrene濕性壞疽 moistgangrene干性壞疽 dry氣性壞疽 gas機 化 organization代 償 pensation適 應 再 生 regeneration修復 repair肉芽組織granulation瘢痕組織 scarorcicatrix包裹encapsulation創(chuàng)傷愈合woundhealing一(二)期愈合 healingby(second)intention痂下愈合 healingunder化 生 metaplasia腸上皮化生intestinalmetaplasia充 血 hyperemia淤 血 congestion出 血 hemorrhage淤 點 petechiae淤 斑 血栓形成 thrombsis血 栓 thrombus再 通recanalization彌漫性血管凝血 intravascularcoagulation(DIC)栓 子 embolus栓 塞 embolism梗 死 infarction貧血性梗死 anemicinfarct出血性梗死 hemorrhagic水 腫 edema全身性水腫 腹 水 ascites胸腔積水hydrothorax心包腔積液 炎 癥 inflammation變 質(zhì) alteration

炎癥介質(zhì)inflammatorymediator血管活性胺 vasoactiveamines組織胺 histamine5-羥色胺(血清素)5-hydroxytryptamine(serotonin)激 肽 kinin激肽原酶 kallikrein激肽原 緩激肽 bradykinin舒血管肽 kallidin補體系統(tǒng) plement前列腺素 prostaglandin滲 出 exudation滲出液 exudate漏出液 transudate白細胞游出 趨化性 chemotaxis吞噬作用 調(diào)理素 opsonin調(diào)理素化 opsonization表面吞噬作用 surfacephagocytosis增 生 proliferation超急性炎癥 peracuteinflammation急/慢/亞急性炎癥 acute/chronic/subacuteinflammation菌血癥 毒血癥 toxemia敗血癥 septicemia膿毒血癥 pyemia漿液性炎 serousinflammation纖維素性炎fibrinousinflammation化膿性炎 purulentinflammation膿 腫 abscess化 膿 suppuration蜂窩織炎 phlegmonousinflammation出血性炎 hemorrhagicinflammation卡他性炎 catarrhalinflammation肉芽腫性炎granulomatousinflammation炎性肉芽腫inflammatorygranuloma炎性息肉 inflammationpolyp腫 瘤 tumor腫 瘤 neoplasia原位癌 carcinomainsitu

組織發(fā)生 異型性 atypia多形性 間 變 anaplasia轉 移 惡病質(zhì) cachexia癌 癥 carcinoma肉 瘤 sara癌 cancer乳頭狀瘤 papilloma腺 瘤 囊腺瘤 cystadenoma多形性腺瘤 pleomorphicadenoma鱗狀細胞癌 squamouscellcarcinoma基底細胞癌 basalcellcarcinoma移行上皮癌transitionalcellcarcinoma腺 癌 adenocarcinoma粘液樣癌mucoidcarcinoma實體癌 solidcarcinoma(carcinomasolidum)單純癌 simplecarcinoma硬 癌 scirrhouscarcinoma髓樣癌 medullarycarcinoma 風濕病 rheumatism類癌carcinoid嗜銀細胞瘤argentaffintumorAPUD瘤 APUDoma非典型增生dysplasia,atyicalhyperplasia纖維瘤 fibroma脂肪瘤 血管瘤hemangioma淋巴管瘤lymphangioma平滑肌瘤leiomyoma纖維肉瘤fibrosara脂肪肉瘤liposara橫紋肌肉瘤 骨肉瘤 osteosara惡性血管皮瘤malignanthemangioendothelioma惡性血管外皮瘤 hemangiopericytoma膠質(zhì)瘤 glioma腦膜瘤 畸胎瘤 teratoma

風濕熱rheumaticfever阿少夫小體Aschoff阿少夫細胞Aschoffcell風濕性全心炎rheumaticpancarditis風濕性心膜炎rheumaticendocarditis疣狀贅生物 verrucousvegetation風濕性心肌炎rheumaticmyocarditis風濕性心外膜炎rheumaticpericarditis縮窄性心包炎constrictivepericarditis風濕性關節(jié)炎rheumaticarthritis皮下結節(jié)subcutaneousnodules細菌性心膜炎bacterialendocarditis潰瘍性心膜炎 ulcerousendocarditis惡急性細菌性心膜炎subacutebacterialendocarditisvalvulardiseaseoftheheartvalvularinsufficiencyvalvularstenosis二尖瓣狹窄 mitralstenosis二尖瓣關閉不全mitralinsufficiency高血壓病 hypertensionessentialhypertension癥狀性高血壓symptomatichypertensionbenign(malignant)hypertension動脈粥樣硬化atherosclerosis心絞痛anginapectoris心肌梗死 myocardialinfarct心肌軟化cardiacmyomalacia室壁瘤 ventricularaneurysm附壁血栓形成 muralthrombosis心肌硬化cardiacmyosclerosis心肌病 心肌炎 myocarditis先天性心臟病congenitalheartdisease慢性支氣管炎chronicbronchitis肺氣腫 emphysema肺源性心臟病 Corpulmonale透明膜 hyalinemembrane肺 炎 pneumonia大葉性肺炎 lobarpneumonia小葉性肺炎 lobular

pneumonia(brochopneumonia)支原性肺炎mycoplasmalpneumonia原發(fā)性非典型性肺炎primaryatypicalpneumonia(PAP)支氣管擴癥bronchiectasis肺萎陷 atelectasis塵 肺 矽 肺 silicosis石棉肺 asbestosis間皮瘤 Mesothelioma鼻咽癌 carcinoma肺 癌 carcinomaofthelung燕麥細胞癌oatcellcarcinoma慢性胃炎 chronicgastritischronicsuperficialgastritis慢性萎縮性胃炎 chronicatrophicgastritischronichypertrophicgastritis消化性潰瘍 pepticulcer胃泌素瘤gastrinoma闌尾炎 appendicitis急性單純性闌尾炎 acutesimpleappendicitis急性蜂窩織炎性闌尾炎 phlegmonousappendicitis急性壞疽性闌尾炎 acutegangrnousappendicitis病毒性肝炎 virushepatitis氣球樣變 ballooning嗜酸性壞死 acidophilicnecrosis毛玻璃樣細胞 "groundhepatocytes碎片狀壞死 piecemeal橋接壞死 bridgingnecrosis肝硬化 cirrhosisofliver門脈性肝硬變 portalcirrhosis門脈高壓 portal脾腫大 splenomegaly壞死后肝硬變postnecroticcirrhosis膽汗性肝硬變biliarycirrhosis食管癌 carcinomaofesophagus

胃 癌 carcinomaofstomach惡性淋巴瘤malignantlymphoma何杰金氏病Hodgkin'sdisease非何杰金氏淋巴瘤non-Hodgkin'slymphoma白血病 leukemia綠色瘤 惡性組織細胞增生癥malignanthistiocytosis血管間質(zhì)mesangium免疫復合物 immuneplex急性彌漫性增生性腎小球腎炎diffuseproliferativeglomerulonephritis急性腎炎綜合癥 acutenephriticsyndrome管 型cast，cylinder新月體性腎小球腎炎 glomerulonephritismembranousglomerulonephritis腎病綜合癥 nephroticsyndrome血管間質(zhì)毛細血管性腎小球腎mesangiocapillaryglomerulonephritis輕微病變性腎小球腎炎minimalchangeglomerulonephritis脂性腎病 lipoidnephrosis足突病 footprocess慢性腎小球腎炎 chronicglomerulonephritis顆粒狀固縮腎granularcontractedkidney尿毒癥uremia腎細胞癌 renalcellcarcinoma腎母細胞瘤 nephroblastoma慢性子宮頸炎chroniccervicitis子宮頸糜爛 cervicalerosion子宮膜增生癥endometrialhyperplasia子宮頸息肉 cervicalpolyp子宮頸癌 carcinomaofcervixuteri非典型增生 atypicalhyperplasia子宮體癌 carcinomaofcorpusuteri子宮腺肌瘤adenomyomauteri子宮腺肌病 adenomyosisuteri水泡狀胎塊hydatidiformmole

絨毛膜上皮癌chorioepithelioma(chorioma)粘液性囊腺瘤 mucinouscystadenoma漿液性囊腺瘤serouscystadenoma囊腺癌 cystadenocarcinoma粒層細胞瘤 granulosacelltumor卵泡膜細胞瘤thecacelltumor無性細胞瘤 dysgerminoma胚胎性癌 embryonalcarcinoma胚竇瘤 endodermalsinustumor纖維囊性乳腺病fibrocysticdiseaseofbreast乳腺癌carcinomaofbreast前列腺增生 hyperplasiaof精原細胞瘤 seminoma尿崩癥diabetesinsipidus糖尿病diabetesmellitus垂體腺瘤 pituitaryadenoma嫌色細胞腺瘤