高三英語一輪復習定語從句課件

專題八定語從句0A+B+C+D=360x(2π-6)考點1

定語從句的概念和分類在句中修飾名詞、代詞等起形容詞作用的從句叫定語從句;被修飾的名詞、代詞等叫先行詞。｛

關(guān)系代詞which引導非限制性定語從句時可以指代前面整個主句的內(nèi)容;切記不能用關(guān)系代詞that引導非限制性定語從句。Hehastwosons,whoworkinthesamecompany.(Hehasonlytwosons.)Hehastwosonswhoworkinthesamecompany.(Perhapshehasmorethantwosons.)Hefailedinthematch,whichwasagreatpity.(非限制性定語從句,修飾前面的主句)考點清單限制性定語從句：對先行詞起修飾限制作用非限制性定語從句：對先行詞起補充說明作用,用逗號把其與先行詞隔開。定語從句0A+B+C+D=360x(2π-6)●注意定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞后,但有時它們中間也會插入別的成分,呈現(xiàn)先行詞與定語從句分隔的現(xiàn)象。DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamond

necklace?0A+B+C+D=360x(2π-6)考點2關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句1.定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用來指代先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,同時引導從句,并在所引導的定語

從句中充當主語、賓語、表語或定語。引導定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有that、which、who、whom、

whose、as。(1)that既可以指代物,也可以指代人,在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。Theworkthat/whichhasjustbeenfinishedisveryimportant.(指物,作主語)Ican'trecognizethepersonthat/who/whomImetfiveyearsago.(指人,作賓語)Heisnolongerthesimple-mindedmanthathewasfiveyearsago.(指人,作表語)(2)which一般指代物,在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語。Theproblemwhich/thatisbeingdiscussedhaspuzzledusforalongtime.(作主語)Thisisthepenwhich/thatI'mlookingfor.這就是我正在找的鋼筆。(作賓語)0A+B+C+D=360x(2π-6)Themoderncarisnolongerthecarwhichitwasinthe1930s.(作表語)(3)who指代人,在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。Idon'tknowthemanwhoistalkingtomymother.(作主語)Thegirlwhoyoumetyesterdayismyroommate.(作賓語)Itishardformetoguesswhoheis.(作表語)(4)whom指代人,在從句中作賓語。HeisthemanwhomI'mlookingfor.(作賓語)(5)whose表所屬關(guān)系,意為“……的”,既可以指代物,也可以指代人,在從句中作定語。指物時相當于ofwhich;指人時相當于ofwhom。whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhom/which=ofwhom/which+the+n.Thisisthehousewhosewindowwasbrokenlastnight.=Thisisthehouse,thewindowofwhichwasbrokenlastnight.=Thisisthehouse,ofwhichthewindowwasbrokenlastnight.0A+B+C+D=360x(2π-6)(6)①as引導限制性定語從句時,先行詞多由as、such或thesame修飾,構(gòu)成such...as、thesame...as、

as...as結(jié)構(gòu),可以指代人,也可以指代物。在thesame...as結(jié)構(gòu)中,as也可以用that代替,但意義有時不

一樣。②as引導非限制性定語從句時,指代整個主句,且位置較靈活,可以位于主句前面、中間或后面,一

般用逗號與主句隔開,通常譯為“(正)如……一樣,(正)像……一樣”。Asisknowntoeverybody,Chinesepeoplearehard-working.0A+B+C+D=360x(2π-6)●注意as的習慣用法如下:astheoldsayinggoes老話說得好asisoftenthecase通常的情況是asanybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那樣asiswell-known=asisknowntoall眾所周知aswehadexpected正如我們所預料的那樣asoftenhappens正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述asismentionedabove正如上面所提到的0A+B+C+D=360x(2π-6)2.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的用法(1)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導定語從句時,關(guān)系代詞只能用which或whom,且不能省略。①選擇介詞時,主要看它與先行詞及從句中的動詞或形容詞等的搭配。Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirectionfromwhichshehadcome.②選擇關(guān)系代詞時,先行詞是物,只能用which;先行詞是人,只能用whom。Inourclassthereare46students,ofwhomhalfwearglasses.③有時為了表述得更準確些,還常常在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)前加一些代詞、名詞、數(shù)詞等。Itisreportedthattwoschools,bothofwhicharebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.0A+B+C+D=360x(2π-6)3.關(guān)系代詞的省略(1)關(guān)系代詞在引導定語從句時,如果在從句中作賓語,可以省略。Theman(that/who/whom)yousawjustnowisourmanager.(2)關(guān)系代詞如果緊跟在介詞后面,則不能省略;但介詞位于句尾時,關(guān)系代詞可以省略。Thisisthegirlwithwhomheworked.(whom不可省)=Thisisthegirl(whom)heworkedwith.這就是

0A+B+C+D=360x(2π-6)人和物共同作先行詞時Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?先行詞為all、much、little、something、everything、anything、nothing、none、one等不定代詞時Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.先行詞被theonly、thevery(恰恰,正好)、any、few、little、no、all等修飾時ThisistheverybusthatI'mwaitingforTheonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.先行詞前有最高級修飾時Thisisthebestwaythathasbeenusedagainstpollution.先行詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾或先行詞為序數(shù)詞WhatisthefirstAmericanfilmthatyouhaveseen?主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時Whichisthebookthatyoulost?Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?4.只用that而不用which的情況0A+B+C+D=360x(2π-6)考點3關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句關(guān)系副詞引導定語從句,并在從句中表示時間、地點或原因等。關(guān)系副詞相當于“介詞+which”,其用法如下:Hewillalwaysrememberthedaywhen/onwhichhisfatherreturnedfromthefront.Thebookstorewhere/inwhichhissisterworksisthelargestoneinNanjing.Idon'tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn'tcomelastnight.關(guān)系副詞被替代的先行詞在從句中的功能when表示時間的名詞作時間狀語where表示地點的名詞作地點狀語why只有reason作原因狀語0A+B+C+D=360x(2π-6)●注意①當way作先行詞表示方法、方式且定語從句中缺少狀語時,后面的定語從句用that或inwhich,也

可以省略關(guān)系詞。Idon'tlikethewayyoutalktoyourparents.②一些名詞是抽象的地點,其后面的定語從句如果缺少狀語時,用where引導定