高考英語短文改錯(cuò)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練含答案解析,版

.PAGE.高考英語短文改錯(cuò)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練〔含答案1.[2016·全國新課標(biāo)I]短文改錯(cuò)〔10分Myuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothat1live.Thoughnotverybig,buttherestaurantispopularinourarea.Itisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.SomepeopleevenhadtowaitoutsideMyuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccessishonest.Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesorhighqualityoilareusingforcooking.Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichintheshortperiodoftime.Instead,hehopesthatourbusinesswillgrowsteady.2.[2016·全國新課標(biāo)II]短文改錯(cuò)〔共10小題,每小題1分,滿分10分Thesummerholidayiscoming.MyclassmatesandIaretalkingabouthowtododuringtheholiday.Wecanchosebetweenstayingathomeandtakeatrip.Ifwestayathome,itiscomfortablebutthereisnoneedtospendmoney.Butinthatcase,wewilllearnlittleaboutworld.Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenyouviewandgainknowledgeswecannotgetfrombooks.Someclassmatessuggestwecangotoplacesofinterestnearby.Ithoughtthatitisagoodidea.Itdoesnotcostmany,yetwecanstilllearnalot.3.[2016·全國新課標(biāo)III]短文改錯(cuò)〔共10小題；每小題1分,滿分10分Theteenageyearfrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme.Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife.Atthefirst,IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbyyourself.However,myparentsdidn’tseemtothinksuch.Theyalwaystellmewhattodoandhowtodoit.Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn’tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.NowIamleavinghometocollege.Atlast,Iwillbeonmyown,butIstillwanttohavemyparentstoturntowheneverneedhelp.4.[2016·XX]短文改錯(cuò)〔共10小題；每小題1分,滿分10分ItisMother’sDaytoday.Thoughit’sawesternfestival,it’spopularinChinanow.Momhasafull-timejob,soshehastodomostofthehouseworks.Sheisagreatmother.BothDadorIplannedtodosomethingonMother’sDay.Wegetupearlyinthemorning.Dadcleanedthehouse,andthenwentonshopping.Whenhecameback,Ifoundabunchofflowersinherhand.IaskedMomtostayinthesittingroomandIcookedinkitchen.ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom’sfavoritiest.Atdinner,wesaidtoher,"HappyMother’sDay！"Momwasgratefulandmoving.5.[2016·XX]短文改錯(cuò)〔共10小題；每小題1分,滿分10分WhenIwasaveryyoungchildren,myfathercreatedaregularpracticeIrememberwellyearslate.Everytimehearrivedhomeatendoftheday,we’dgreethetatthedoor.Hewouldaskwhowewasandpretendnottoknowingus,Thenheandmymotherwouldhavehadadrinkwhilesheprepareddinnerandtheywouldtalkabouthisdayandhers.Whiletheychat,myfatherwouldliftmysisterandmeuptositinthetopofthefridge.Itwasbothexcitedandfrighteningtobeupthere！MysisterandIthoughthewassocoolforputtingusthere.2015年高考試題分項(xiàng)解析之專題短文改錯(cuò)1.[2015·XX]短文改錯(cuò)〔共10小題；每小題1.5分,滿分15分Mysoccercoachretiredinlastweek.Iwantedtodoanythingspecialforhimathisretirementparty.Mymummakesthebetterbiscuitsintheworld,soIdecidetoaskherforhelp.Mumtaughtmesomebasicstepofbaking.Iinsistedondoingmostofthebakingmyself.Ithoughtthebiscuitswerereallywell.MyonlymistakewasthatIdroppedsomeonthefloorafterIwaspackingthemup.Ataparty,mycoach,withabiscuitinhismouth,askedsurprisinglywhomadethemandjoked,"Imighthavetoretireagainnextyearjustgetsomemoreofthesebiscuits."Myfavoritepictureatthepartyisofmycoachandmeenjoythebiscuitswithhappylaughter!2.[2015·XX]短文改錯(cuò)〔共10小題；每小題1.5分,共15分Hi,Janice,It'sbeenamonthsinceIcametothisnewschoolandIreallywantsharewithyousomeoftheproblemsIhavebeenexperiencing.AsItellyoulasttime,Imadethreenewfriendhere.Wehangouttogetherduringlunchandafterschool.We'vebeenspendingalotoftimesinginkaraokebars.It'sbeenthreeSaturdaysnowanditreallycostsmemany.AndIstartedtoseethisasatime—wastingactivity!Infact,Idon’tliketogoanymore,soI’mafraidI’lllosetheirfriendship.HowdoyouthinkIshoulddo?Ifyouareme,wouldyoutalktohim?Pleasehelpwithmeandgivemesomeadvice.Grace3.[2015·XX]短文改錯(cuò)〔共10小題；每小題1分,滿分10分Myoldclassroomwasinterestingbecausethreesideoftheclassroomweremadefromglass.Ienjoyedsitclosetothewindowsandlookingattheview.Ontheleft-handsideoftheclass,Icouldeasyseethefootballfield.Inthemornings,itwasfullofstudentsexercising.Theviewfromthebackoftheclassroomisalsosplendid.Closetotheschooltherewasabeautifulparkwithmanytreesaroundthem.Fartherinthedistance,Icouldnotenjoytheviewofsnowymountains.Ontherightsideoftheclasswastheroad.Iwasalwaysinterestedtoseethedriversinhurryinthemorning.ThepositionoftheclassroomwithitsviewmademefeltlikeIwasdreaming.IfIwasonlyachildwhenIstudiedinthatclassroom,Iwillneverforgetit.4.[2015·新課標(biāo)全國II]Oneday,littleTonywenttoashoppingcenterwithhisparent.Itwasverycrowded.Tonysawatoyonashopwindow.Helikeditsoverymuchthathequicklywalkedintotheshop.Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry.Awomansawhimdryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsideashop.Fiveminuteslater,Tonysawparents.Momsaid,"Hownicetoseeyouagain!DadandIwereterribleworried."Tonypromisedherthatthiswouldneverhappenagain.5.[2015·新課標(biāo)全國I]WhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.NowIamlivinginacity,butImissmyhomeincountryside.Theretheairiscleanorthemountainsaregreen.Unfortunately,onthedevelopmentofindustrialization,theenvironmenthasbeenpolluted.Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriouslyproblem.Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.Wemustfoundwaystoprotectyourenvironment.Ifwefailtodoso,we’lllivetoregretit.20XX高考試題分項(xiàng)解析之專題短文改錯(cuò)1.Correction1<2014課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ>Nearlyfiveyearsbefore,andwiththehelpbyourfather,mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes<圣女果>inourbackgarden.Sincethen—foralltheseyear—wehadbeenallowingtomatoestoself-seedwheretheyplease.Asresult,theplantsaregrowingsomewhere.Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.Therearesomuchthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.Althoughweallowtomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear,butwehaveneverhadanydiseaseorinsectattackproblems.Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost!2.Correction2<2014課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ>Mydreamschoolstartsat8:30a.m.andendsat3:30p.m.Theyarethreelessonsinthemorningandtwointheafternoon.Wedidn’tneedtodosomanyhomework.Therefore,wehavemoretimewithafter-schoolactivities.Forexample,wecandoreadingforoneandahalfhourandplaysportsforonehoureveryday.Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.Thereareallkindsoftheflowersandtreesaroundtheclassroombuildings.Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,orsatbythelakelisteningmusic.Theteachersherearekindandhelpfully.Theyarenotonlyourteachersbutalsoourfriends.3.Correction3<2014XX>IwastakingatraintoLondon’sVictoriaStation.Ihadnoticedthatthecarriagewasnoiseandfilledwithpeople.Beforelong,atraininspectorcomestocheckourtickets.Apassengerrealizedhecouldn’tfindhisticketbutbecamequiteupset.Theneveryoneinthecarriagebegansearchingtheticket,whichwaseventuallyfoundunderaseatseveralrowsfromhisowner.Thepersonwhofoundaticketsmiledwithpleasureathissuccess.Nooneinthecarriagehadpreviousspokentoorevennoticedtheticket-ownerbefore.Yettheyhadsoquicklyofferedthestrangerstheirhelp.Ifwecouldshowconcerntoothersonneed,theworldwouldbeabetterplacetolivein.4.Correction4<2014XX>DearJeremyandAlice,Althoughwe’vebeendelightedtohaveyouasneighbors,we’rehopingtosettlesomethingthatbotherstous.Inaword,yourdog—Cleo.We’vecalledseveraltimeaboutCleo’searlymorningbarking.Itisdifficulttounderstandingwhyshebarkseveryminuteshe’soutside.Theearlymorningbarkinghavebeendisturbingusasweareoftenupallnightwiththebaby.Beside,Cleotendstobarkaaverageofsixhoursaday.Thismorningshestartsbarkingevenbefore5o’clock.Thatistoomuchforus,consideringhowcloselythehousesare.Weappreciateourapologiesandgoodwill,butwehopethatyoucanfigureagoodwayofsettlingthematter.Sincerely,JackandRose5.Correction5<2014XX>Hello,boysandgirls!Today,Iamgoingtotalkwithwhatyoushoulddowhenafirealarmgooff.Ifyouhearthealarm,standinlineatthedoorandwaityourteachertoleadyououtside.Stayclosetoyourteacherandclassmate.Don’tpanicorgetoutofline,andtryingtoremainquietandcalmly.Soonthefirefighterswillcomeandputoutafire.Ifit’safalsealarmandthereisnofire,yourteacherwillleadusbacktotheclassroom.Ifyounoticethatwhensomeoneismissingandhurt,tellyourteacherimmediately.高考英語短文改錯(cuò)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練<答案解析>1.[2016·全國新課標(biāo)I]短文改錯(cuò)〔10分[答案]1.that→where2.but去掉3.had→have4.honest→honesty5.or→and6.using→used7.becoming前加of8.the→a9.our→his10.stead→steadily[歸納總結(jié)]在英語中though、although、while或者as等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句不和but連用；連詞because不和so連用；此外,return不和back連用。3.had→have考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。文章是介紹現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。4.honest→honesty考查名詞。此處是指誠實(shí)是他成功的秘訣,用名詞形式。而形容詞honest意思是"誠實(shí)的",是指人的性格特點(diǎn)。2.[2016·全國新課標(biāo)II]短文改錯(cuò)〔共10小題,每小題1分,滿分10分[答案]1.how改為what2.chose改為choose3.take改為taking4.but改為and5.about后加the6.your改為our7.knowledges改為knowledge8.刪除can或can改為should9.thought改為think10.many改為much[解析]試題分析：考查記敘文,"我"和同學(xué)們對暑假的旅游計(jì)劃的討論。6.your改為our考查代詞。應(yīng)該使用our與本句的主語we保持一致。句意：如果我們出國旅游,我們就拓寬視野并學(xué)到書本上學(xué)不到的知識。7.knowledges改為knowledge考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。本句中名詞knowledge是不可數(shù)名詞,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。8.刪除can或can改為should考查虛擬語氣。動(dòng)詞suggest作為建議的時(shí)候,后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣"<should>+動(dòng)詞原形",所以本句可以刪除can或can改為should。9.thought改為think考查時(shí)態(tài)。本文介紹我和同學(xué)們商量暑假旅游的事情,全文以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主,所以本句使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)think。10.many改為much考查代詞。本句中代詞much代替不可數(shù)名詞muchmoney作為動(dòng)詞cost的賓語,而many通常代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。[名師點(diǎn)睛]高考短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)層次一般而言可依次分為詞法的測試、句法的測試和語篇的測試三個(gè)層面?？键c(diǎn)層次越高,就越能測試出考生運(yùn)用語言的能力。低層次的考點(diǎn)往往側(cè)重于語法方面的考查,而高層次的考點(diǎn)往往側(cè)重于考生對文章意義方面的理解。一、詞法改錯(cuò)詞法的測試包括：定冠詞和不定冠詞的用法；名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和名詞的所有格；動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞等；人稱代詞、人稱代詞的格、物主代詞、指示代詞、連接代詞、不定代詞等的用法；介詞的搭配；并列連詞、從屬連詞的用法；形容詞、副詞的區(qū)別以及比較級和最高級的用法；固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法。例如：本題中的5.about后加the考查定冠詞7.knowledges改為knowledge考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)10.many改為much考查代詞二、句法改錯(cuò)句法的測試包括：主謂語在數(shù)上的一致性；名詞性從句、定語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句；句子結(jié)構(gòu)的連貫性、完整性、對等性和邏輯性。例如：1.how改為what考查特殊結(jié)構(gòu)。2.chose改為choose考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)3.take改為taking考查并列結(jié)構(gòu)8.刪除can或can改為should考查虛擬語氣三、語篇改錯(cuò)語篇的測試包括：上下文的時(shí)態(tài)是否一致；上下文中的代詞指代是否一致；上下文中的邏輯關(guān)系是否一致。4.but改為and考查連詞6.your改為our考查代詞和邏輯關(guān)系9.thought改為think考查時(shí)態(tài)3.[2016·全國新課標(biāo)III]短文改錯(cuò)〔共10小題；每小題1分,滿分10分[答案]51.year—years52.worse—worst53.the去掉54.yourself—myself55.such—so56.tell—told57.freely—free58.wear—wearing59.to—for60.I∧need55.such—so考查so/such的用法。myparentsdidn’tseemtothinkso我的父母似乎不這樣認(rèn)為,so指代上一句的內(nèi)容,故把such改為so。56.tell—told考查時(shí)態(tài)。通篇回憶過去的事情,使用的一般過去時(shí),故把tell改為told。57.freely—free考查形容詞副詞。be后跟形容詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu),befreefrom...擺脫,不受的影響,故把freely改為free。58.wear—wearing考查固定搭配。by是介詞,意為"通過",后跟名詞／代詞或動(dòng)名詞,故把wear改為wearing。考點(diǎn)：名詞；形容詞；代詞；介詞；最高級；固定搭配；時(shí)態(tài)[名師點(diǎn)睛]改錯(cuò)中動(dòng)詞、連詞以及上下文語境也是出題者經(jīng)常會(huì)考慮的出題知識點(diǎn),其解題方法如下：

1.動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤的發(fā)現(xiàn)與解決

英語中有許多的短語動(dòng)詞,是很難從字面上判斷其意義的。其中與介詞構(gòu)成短語的動(dòng)詞是最常見的。我們在分析題目的時(shí)候,發(fā)現(xiàn)有動(dòng)賓搭配的時(shí)候,應(yīng)該考慮該動(dòng)詞是否是一個(gè)短語動(dòng)詞,并進(jìn)而分析構(gòu)成該短語動(dòng)詞的介詞有無遺漏。對于短語動(dòng)詞的熟悉是一個(gè)長期積累的過程,需要隨時(shí)總結(jié)與記憶。以下是考試中常見到的短語動(dòng)詞：

accountfor；addupto；backup；breakdown；breakawayfrom；bleakout；breakup；breakin；breakoff；bringabout；bringup；bringout；bringdown；buildup；calloff；callfor；callon；carryout；checkin；clearup；comeoff；comearound；counton；cutdown；cutoff；doawaywith；dwellon；fallbackon；fallout；getover；getoutof；getat；giveout；giveup；giveoff；hangon；holdback；keepbackfrom；keepupwith；layoff；laydown；liveupto；lookinto；lookforwardto；lookover；makeup；makeout；passaway；putupwith；roleout；runoutof；setabout；takeover；takeup；takein；takeoff；turnup；turnout；workout等。

還有一種?？嫉膭?dòng)詞的用法就是語態(tài)。在所分析的文字中包含謂語動(dòng)詞,那么應(yīng)該分析是否是這方面的問題。其中應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)分析主語與謂語動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)。

2．連接詞錯(cuò)誤的發(fā)現(xiàn)與解決

例：However,asecondpersonthoughtthatthiswasmoreaquestionofcivilizedbehaviorasgoodmanners．

本題所考查的就是比較連接詞的用法。從前文的more我們就可以看出,下文的as是不恰當(dāng)?shù)?正確的答案應(yīng)是比較連接詞than。一般來說,比較連接詞所考查的重點(diǎn)集中在as與than的用法上。句意中是否還有比較意義是很容易辨別的,我們一旦覺察到句子有比較的意思,就應(yīng)考慮是否是as與than的用法混淆。

此外定語從句的連接詞也是要特別注意的。我們看20XX6月的第74題：Instead,thisotherpersontoldusastory,ithesaidwasquitewellknown．在這里,句子的后半段很明顯是一個(gè)非限制性的定語從句,所以應(yīng)將it改為which.非限制性的定語從句的連接詞在近幾年的考試中反復(fù)出現(xiàn),應(yīng)該引起我們的重視。解決此類問題的方法是,凡是發(fā)現(xiàn)有復(fù)合句的分析對象,首先就要考慮從句的連接詞。首先看是否有連接詞,其次看連接詞是否正確,尤其是which與that的不同應(yīng)用。

3．語言環(huán)境類錯(cuò)誤的發(fā)現(xiàn)與解決

從歷年的考題來看,語言環(huán)境類的錯(cuò)誤是最有章可循的。這類錯(cuò)誤一般是一行中的關(guān)鍵詞與上下文所體現(xiàn)出來的意思完全相反。此類題的解決也較簡單,那就是將不符合文意的詞改為它的反義詞即可。如第54題就是屬于語境錯(cuò)誤。句意：我認(rèn)為我什么都知道,可以自己拿主意了。這里指作者自己做決定,根據(jù)主語I可知,應(yīng)該用myself,故把yourself改為myself。4.[2016·XX]短文改錯(cuò)〔共10小題；每小題1分,滿分10分[答案]1.sobut2.houseworkshousework3.orand4.getgot5.去掉on6.herhis7.在in和kitchen之間加the8.whatthat/which<或去掉what>9.favoritestfavorite10.movingmoved[名師點(diǎn)睛]表示情感的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞surprising令人驚訝的,surprised感到驚訝；frightening令人害怕的,frightened感到害怕；moving令人感動(dòng)的,moved感動(dòng)；exciting令人興奮的,excited感到興奮；boring令人厭煩的,bored感到厭煩；annoying令人煩惱的,annoyed感到煩惱的。現(xiàn)在分詞的主語通常指事物；過去分詞的主語通常指人。比如第10小題movingmoved句意：媽媽即感激有感動(dòng)。故把movingmoved?？键c(diǎn)：考查短文改錯(cuò)5.[2016·XX]短文改錯(cuò)〔共10小題；每小題1分,滿分10分66.[答案]children改成child考點(diǎn)：考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)67.[答案]late改成later[解析]試題分析：late是形容詞"遲的",或副詞"遲地",但是"一段時(shí)間后面應(yīng)該接later",表示"……時(shí)間以后"。故late改成later?？键c(diǎn)：考查副詞68.[答案]at后面加the考點(diǎn)：考查冠詞69.[答案]her改成him[解析]試題分析：根據(jù)上文可知我們每天在門口迎接爸爸。用him指代myfather,作greet的賓語。故her改成him。考點(diǎn)：考查代詞70.[答案]was改成were[解析]試題分析：這句話的主語是we,謂語用復(fù)數(shù),而且這篇文章是作者回憶小時(shí)候的事情,用一般過去時(shí)。故was改成were?？键c(diǎn)：考查主謂一致71.[答案]knowing改成know[解析]試題分析：pretend后面接不定式作賓語,這里是否定式pretendnottodo。故knowing改成know?？键c(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞不定式72.[答案]去掉had[解析]試題分析：句意：他和我媽媽會(huì)喝些東西。這里不是虛擬語氣,不能用wouldhavedone,用woulddo表示"過去常常做"。故去掉had。考點(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞形式73.[答案]chat改成chatted[解析]試題分析：根據(jù)主句內(nèi)容myfatherwouldliftmysister可知while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句用一般過去時(shí)。故chat改成chatted?？键c(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)74.[答案]in改成on考點(diǎn)：考查介詞75.[答案]excited改成exciting[解析]試題分析：這句話的主語是形式主語it,真正的主語是tobeupthere,主語是物的時(shí)候,表語應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞形式的形容詞。故excited改成exciting。考點(diǎn)：考查形容詞[名師點(diǎn)睛]高考短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)層次一般而言可依次分為詞法的測試、句法的測試和語篇的測試三個(gè)層面?？键c(diǎn)層次越高,就越能測試出考生運(yùn)用語言的能力。低層次的考點(diǎn)往往側(cè)重于語法方面的考查,而高層次的考點(diǎn)往往側(cè)重于考生對文章意義方面的理解。這篇短文主要是一些詞法錯(cuò)誤,詞法的測試包括：定冠詞和不定冠詞的用法；名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和名詞的所有格；動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞等；人稱代詞、人稱代詞的格、物主代詞、指示代詞、連接代詞、不定代詞等的用法；介詞的搭配；并列連詞、從屬連詞的用法；形容詞、副詞的區(qū)別以及比較級和最高級的用法；固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法。例如：本題中的66.children改成child〔名詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤67.late改成later〔副詞錯(cuò)誤68.at后面加the〔冠詞錯(cuò)誤69.her改成him〔代詞錯(cuò)誤71.knowing改成know〔非謂語動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤72.去掉had〔虛擬語氣錯(cuò)誤73.chat改成chatted〔動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤74.in改成on〔介詞錯(cuò)誤75.excited改成exciting〔形容詞錯(cuò)誤2015年高考試題分項(xiàng)解析之專題短文改錯(cuò)〔答案解析1.[2015·XX]短文改錯(cuò)〔共10小題；每小題1.5分,滿分15分[答案]76.去掉in77.anything改為something78.better改成best79.decide改成decided80.step改為steps81.well改成good82.after改成when/while83.a改為the84.just后加to85.enjoy改為enjoying[考點(diǎn)定位]考查短文改錯(cuò)[名師點(diǎn)睛]這篇短文改錯(cuò)是記敘文,短文的內(nèi)容和學(xué)生的日常生活有關(guān)。錯(cuò)誤之處的設(shè)置都是平常學(xué)生容易錯(cuò)的地方?？疾辄c(diǎn)比較全面,各種詞性都考查到了,也涉及到一些語法知識的考查,如：非謂語動(dòng)詞,時(shí)態(tài)等。2.[2015·XX]短文改錯(cuò)〔共10小題；每小題1.5分,共15分[答案]61.加上to62.tell—told63.friend—friends64.sing—singing65.many—much66.so—but67.How—What68.are—were69.him—them70.去掉with[解析]試題分析：文章主要通過一封求助信,寫出了寫信人的困擾。作者交了三個(gè)新朋友,經(jīng)常一起去卡拉OK唱歌,但其實(shí)作者并不喜歡這樣,他想知道自己該怎么做才不會(huì)失去這段友誼。61.加上to考查動(dòng)詞want的用法,want用不定式擔(dān)當(dāng)狀語,故加上to。句意為：我真地很想和你分享一下我經(jīng)歷的問題。62.tell—told考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語lasttime可知,此句需要用一般過去時(shí),故把tell改成told。句意為正如我上次告訴你的那樣。63.friend—friends考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。名詞friend為可數(shù)名詞,其前有three修飾,需要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,故把friend改成friends。句意為：我在這兒交了三個(gè)新朋友。64.sing—singing考查動(dòng)名詞擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語。本句考查句型spend…〔indoingsth結(jié)構(gòu),故把sing改成singing。65.many—much考查代詞。根據(jù)句意,指的是花費(fèi)很多錢,故用much而非many。句意為：那真的花費(fèi)很多。66.so--but考查連詞。上一分句意為：我不想再去；下一分句意為：我怕失去他們的友誼,兩個(gè)分句之間有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故把so改成but。67.How—What考查疑問詞的選擇。本句中do之后缺少賓語,表示事情,故用what而非how。注意首字母要大寫。68.are—were考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句子可知,此處為虛擬語氣,與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不相符,故把a(bǔ)re改成were。句意為：如果你是我,…。69.him—them考查代詞。根據(jù)上文可知,作者交了三個(gè)朋友,故用them而非him。句意為：你會(huì)和他們說嗎？70.去掉with考查動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞help為及物動(dòng)詞,其后接賓語時(shí)無需加介詞,故去掉with。句意為：請幫幫我,給我一些建議。[考點(diǎn)定位]考查短文糾錯(cuò)[名師點(diǎn)睛]本篇文章考查學(xué)生的短文糾錯(cuò)能力。短文糾錯(cuò)能力考查的范圍較廣,如各類詞類用法和各種語法知識。本篇文章中既考查了詞類用法如：61、63、65、66、69、70題,也考查了學(xué)生的語法知識如：62、64、67、68,涉及多種語法知識。要求考生要通讀全文,把握大意,還要逐讀各句才能找出錯(cuò)誤所在。3.[2015·XX]短文改錯(cuò)〔共10小題；每小題1分,滿分10分[答案] 61.side-sides62.from-to63.sit-sitting64.easy-easily65.is-was66.them-it67.not刪除68.inhurry-inahurry69.felt-feel70.If-Although/Though[解析]試題分析：這是一篇介紹教室的文章。 61.side-sides考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)前面的three,此處應(yīng)該使用復(fù)數(shù)形式 62.from-to考查介詞搭配makeof與makefrom兩者都常用在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中,表示"某物由.構(gòu)成的".makeof的原材料是看的到的,即平常我們說的物理現(xiàn)象,比如Thechairismadeofwood.椅子是有木頭做成的。而makefrom的原材料是看不到的,比如Paperismadefromthetrees.紙張是由木材做成的.是一種化學(xué)變化,從紙上是看不出一棵樹滴. 63.sit-sitting考查動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)詞enjoy后接ing形式。 64.easy-easily考查副詞此處的副詞修飾動(dòng)詞see 65.is-was考查動(dòng)詞的謂語時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)前后句的謂語時(shí)態(tài)都是使用過去的,所以這里面也需要用過去時(shí)態(tài)。 66.them-it考查代詞此處的it指代的是學(xué)校。 67.刪除not考查意思是否表否定該句的意思應(yīng)該是表達(dá)肯定而不是否定所以要?jiǎng)h除not 68.inhurry-inahurry考查冠詞inahurry意為"立刻",也是一個(gè)固定搭配 69.felt-feel考查使役動(dòng)詞的法。Makesbdosth,是使役動(dòng)詞的用法。 70.If-Although/Though考查連詞的用法,根據(jù)句意"盡管在我讀書的時(shí)候我是一個(gè)小孩,但我不會(huì)忘記它"表達(dá)讓步,而不是條件。而且翻譯為如果意思上也不通。[考點(diǎn)定位]短文改錯(cuò)[名師點(diǎn)睛]這種題目對語法的要求很高,要求注意上下文的,以及單詞的用法,以及特殊用法、固定搭配等。其實(shí)這一些錯(cuò)誤很有可能是在寫作中會(huì)出現(xiàn),所以,加強(qiáng)寫作的練習(xí)對于這一種題目,也是有幫助的。另外,這種題目也可以改編一下,成為語法填空的題目。4.[2015·新課標(biāo)全國II][答案]71.parent改為parents72.on改為in73.very去掉74.looks改為looking75.where改為that或者去掉where76.begun改為began77.telling改為told78.a改為the79.saw后加his80.terrible改為terribly[考點(diǎn)定位]語法填空。[名師點(diǎn)睛]通過短短的100多個(gè)詞,使考生能正確運(yùn)用各類詞和固定搭配,如動(dòng)詞、名詞、副詞、代詞和連詞,辨別并改正錯(cuò)誤。總的說來,本題都是學(xué)生平時(shí)書面表達(dá)中常見的錯(cuò)誤。多讀多練習(xí)就能找出問題所在,也能對寫作有幫助。5.[2015·新課標(biāo)全國I][答案]76.think–thought77.countryside前加the78.or—and79.on—with80.been去掉81.seriously—serious82.airs—air83.much—many84.found—find85.your—our[解析]試題分析：作者是孩子的時(shí)候,夢想生活在城市。二作者現(xiàn)在生活在城市,卻向往著家鄉(xiāng),因?yàn)槟抢锔俚奈廴尽?6.think–thought句意：我認(rèn)為生活在那兒很快樂。時(shí)態(tài)用法錯(cuò)誤。這里用一般過去時(shí),表示"過去認(rèn)為"77.countryside前加the句意：但是我想念農(nóng)村的家鄉(xiāng)。這里countryside是特指,故用定冠詞the。78.or—and句意：那里山綠并且空氣新鮮。連詞用法錯(cuò)誤。前后句為并列關(guān)系,故用連詞and。79.on—with句意：隨著工業(yè)化的發(fā)展。短語搭配錯(cuò)誤。短語withthedevelopmentof隨著……的發(fā)展。80.been去掉句意：許多研究表明。語態(tài)用法錯(cuò)誤。主語與動(dòng)詞為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,這里不需要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。81.seriously—serious句意：全球變暖已經(jīng)成為嚴(yán)重的問題。詞性用法錯(cuò)誤。修飾名詞,前面用形容詞修飾。82.airs—air句意：我們呼吸的空氣變得越來越臟。名詞用法錯(cuò)誤。名詞air為不可數(shù)名詞。83.much—many句意：許多罕見的動(dòng)物已經(jīng)消失。名詞animal為可數(shù)名詞,故用many修飾。84.found—find句意：我們必須找到方法來保護(hù)我們的地球。動(dòng)詞用法錯(cuò)誤。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must后接動(dòng)詞原形。85.your—our句意：我們必須找到方法來保護(hù)我們的地球。代詞用法錯(cuò)誤。這里應(yīng)當(dāng)是保護(hù)我們的環(huán)境。[考點(diǎn)定位]短文改錯(cuò)。[名師點(diǎn)睛]改錯(cuò)題整體難度適中,文章簡單易懂?？键c(diǎn)分布均勻,添、刪、改比例為1:1:8。重點(diǎn)考查時(shí)態(tài)、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、冠詞、連詞、副詞以及介詞的搭配等?？忌獯祟愵}型時(shí)一般應(yīng)遵循保持句子原意的原則,即不能改變文章或作者所表達(dá)的意思,包括其語氣和上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。只對短文中的用詞錯(cuò)誤、語法錯(cuò)誤、行文關(guān)系錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)行改正,且要小改而不大改。20XX高考試題分項(xiàng)解析之專題短文改錯(cuò)〔答案解析一、答案第一句:before→ago此處講述的是過去發(fā)生的事情,和一般過去時(shí)連用的應(yīng)是ago,before常和完成時(shí)連用。第一句:by→ofwiththehelpof...在……的幫助下,為固定短語。第二句:year→years句中year是可數(shù)名詞,前面的these應(yīng)修飾復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞。第二句:had→have時(shí)間狀語sincethen通常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用,而不是過去完成時(shí)。第三句:在result前加aasaresult結(jié)果,為固定短語。第三句:somewhere→everywhere根據(jù)句意可知是"到處都有",所以用everywhere。第四句:taste→tasty本句