短暫性動(dòng)詞和完成時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)題

短暫性動(dòng)詞和達(dá)成時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)題短暫性動(dòng)詞和達(dá)成時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)題短暫性動(dòng)詞和達(dá)成時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)題短暫性動(dòng)詞和達(dá)成時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)題短暫性動(dòng)詞，持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和此刻達(dá)成時(shí)短暫性動(dòng)詞是指動(dòng)作一旦發(fā)生就馬上結(jié)束。它不可以和一段時(shí)間連用。這種動(dòng)詞有：go,come,arrive,leave,begin,start,join,marry等；短暫性動(dòng)詞的一定式不可以與表示一段時(shí)間的for或since或howlong等狀語(yǔ)連用。比方：Hisfathergotill.Ihavereceivedhisletter.但是，不可以說(shuō)：Hisfathergotillforaweek.Ihavereceivedhisletterforthreedays.在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。比方：Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtimeI.supposesomethingmusthavehappenedtoher.持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞是指動(dòng)作發(fā)生后還可以持續(xù)一段時(shí)間也許相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間。如：live,work,study,learn,sleep等，持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以和表示一段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。值得注意的是，表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)除了“for+一段時(shí)間”外，還有since+n./從句（時(shí)間點(diǎn)），since+時(shí)間段+ago，疑問詞howlong，inthepast+時(shí)間段，allthese+時(shí)間段，fromto（時(shí)間點(diǎn)）以及till/until+n./句子等等。比方：Howlong_______yourbrotherjoinedthearmy?A.hasB.hadC.isitsinceD.wastherethat別的，動(dòng)詞的持續(xù)性與非持續(xù)性還表此刻這兩種句型中：持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的一定式的否定式+till/until

+till/until

短暫性動(dòng)詞請(qǐng)看例句：Wewaiteduntilhecame.Ididn’tgotobeduntilmyfathercamebackhomelastnight.假如短暫性動(dòng)詞與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，一定將短暫性動(dòng)詞改為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。除了用上邊的轉(zhuǎn)變形式以外，還可以用其余的表達(dá)形式：A.Itis/hasbeen+時(shí)間+since（動(dòng)詞用過去式）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（過去時(shí)）+時(shí)間+ago。比方：It’sfivedayssinceIreceivedhisletterHis.fatherdiedthreeyearsago.看一個(gè)句子可以用以下幾種說(shuō)法：他走開上海已經(jīng)3天了。HeleftShanghaithreedaysago.HehasbeenawayfromShanghaiforthreedays.HehasbeenawayfromShanghaisincethreedaysago.Itis/hasbeenthreedayssinceheleftShanghai.ThreedayshaspassedsinceheleftShanghai.幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)（:1）havebeen(to)havegone(to)havebeenin的差別：havebeen(to)表示“去過某地（此刻已經(jīng)回來(lái)了）”，可用于各人稱；havegone(to)表示“去某地了（說(shuō)話時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀?，可能在去的路上，可能已在某地，也可能在回?lái)的路上，總之，人不在這里。常用第三人稱作主語(yǔ)。前者可與once,never,severaltimes等連用，后者則不可以。HehasgonetoAmercia.（他到美國(guó)去了。他不在這里）HehasbeentoAmercia.（他去過美國(guó)?，F(xiàn)已回來(lái)）HehasbeeninShanghai.（他在上海呆過。此刻不在上海）Hehasbeeninshanghaiforyears.（他在上海多年。此刻還在上海）HehastaughtEnglish.（他教過英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在不教了）HehastaughtEnglishforyears.（他教英語(yǔ)多年了。此刻還在教）2）如單純表示一段時(shí)間，或重申一段時(shí)間，雖有since一詞，也不用用達(dá)成時(shí)。如：Itistwoyearssincehisfatherdied.=Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.3）停止性動(dòng)詞此刻達(dá)成時(shí)的否定式，已變?yōu)橐环N可以持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，所以可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：Ihaven'tleftheresince1997.arrive→beheredie→bedead

begin(start)→beoncomeback→bebackgo—beawaycome—behereleave→beaway(from)/（benothere）buy—havefallill(sick,asleep)beopenborrow—keep

→beill(sick,openasleep)→become—begetup→beup→beover

goout→beoutputon→wear或beon

finishopenof

→beopenmoveto

join→bein或beamember→liveinfinish/end→beoverclose→beclosedcometo→bein

gotoschoolsitdown→

→bestudentabeseatedcatch(acold)→have(acold)gettoknowknowbegintostudy→studylose——belost等歸納由非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞到持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的變換：arrive→beheredie→bedead

begin(start)→beoncomeback→bebackgo—beawaycome—behereleave→beaway(from)/（benothere）buy—havefallill(sick,asleep)beopenborrow—keep

→beill(sick,openasleep)→become—begetupfinish

→beup→beover

go(get)out→beoutputon→wear或

beonopen→beopen/keepsthopenjoin→be+in組織機(jī)構(gòu)或beamemberof+組織機(jī)構(gòu)moveto→liveinfinish/end→close→beclosedgotoschool

beover→beastudentcometo→beinsitdown→beseatedcatch(acold)→have(acold)gettoknowstudy→study

→knowbegintolose——belost

gothere---betherebecome---be,comeback---beback,fallasleep---beasleep,come/go/getto/arrive/reach+地方---be(in),等Exercises:I.句型變換：Mr.LibegantoteachEnglishinthisschoolin1999.（同義句）Mr.Li_____________Englishinthisschoolsince1999.2.Thefactoryopenedtenyearsago（.同義句）Thefactory__________________fortenyears.3.JohnleftBeijingthreeyearsago.（同義句）Threeyears________________John_____Beijing.John_______________________Beijing_____threeyears.4.Hiscompanyopenedin2003.（同義句）Hiscompany_______________since2003.Myfatherboughtthecarhalfayearago.（同義句）Myfather____________thecar____halfayear.6.Wegottoknoweachotherforabout15years.（同義句）We__________eachother_____about15years.7.Thefilmbegantenminutesago.（同義句）Thefilm_______________fortenminutes.Iborrowedthisbooktwoweeksago.（同義句）I__________thisbookfortwoweeks.Myfathercamebackthedaybeforeyesterday.Myfatherhas____________fortwodays.10.Myuncleboughtthenewcartwomonthsago.Myunclehas______thenewcar______twomonthsago.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago改.(為同義句)We________English____threeyearsTheoldman_________lastyear.Hehas______________forayear.(die)（動(dòng)詞填空）MissGaoleftanhourago.(同義句變換)MissGaohas_______________________anhourago.選擇題1.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus________for20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway2.I______theLeaguefor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin3.Thefactory________sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened4.MaryandRose_______friendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebecome5.Youmustn't________untilhecomesback.A.beawayB.leaveC.beleft6.Themeeting_______foraweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenover7.MissGao______thisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaught8.Ben______ateacherfor4years.A.hasbeenB.hasbecomeC.wasD.became9.I______homeforaweek.A.havereturnedB.havebeenbackC.returned10.Howlong_______he________?A.diedB.has,diedC.has,beendead11.He______ateightyesterdayafternoon.A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept12.He________thecarforaweek.A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashad13.-----Howlong_____you_____ill?-----Twoweeks.A.didfallB.have,fellC.have,been14.Since2000,he_____hishometown.A.hasleftB.hasmovedawayC.hasbeenawayfrom15.I'lllendyouthebook,butyoucanonly_____itfor2days.A.borrowB.keepC.take16.Thebus______ontheroadfor2hourssofar.A.hasstoppedB.stoppedC.hasbeen17.Areyou_____thejacketthesedays?A.wearingB.puttingonC.dressingD.on18.He________foe2hours.A.gotupB.hasgotupC.hasbeenup19.Tomisillinhospital.He_______acoldforseveraldays.A.isB.catchesC.hascaughtD.hashad20.-----HowlongcanI______thebook?------Twoweeks.A.borrowB.lendC.getD.keepI____already____(see)thefilm.I________(see)itlastweek._____he____(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.Myfather____just____(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.4.Where’sLiMing?He__________(go)totheteacher’soffice.I__________(work)heresinceI______(move)herein1999.SofarI_______________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.Howlong________theWangs______________(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.I________just___________(finish)myhomework.He________(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.10.____you______(find)yoursciencebookyet?Ifit____(be)finetomorrow,I'llgowithyou.Thestudents____________(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.Look!Themonkey__________(climb)thetree.Mymother__________(come)toseemenextSunday.I'velostmypen._________you________(see)itanywhere?II.用havebeen和havegone填空。Motherisn’there.She______tothebarber______youever______abroadbefore?Thereyouareatlast!Where______you______?TomandMaryhavejustcomein.They______toaparty.TomandMaryaren’there.They______toaParty.Myfather______toNewYork.Heleftthismorni