2022年英漢翻譯教程自學(xué)考試匯總

英漢翻譯教程考試匯總（自學(xué)考）Unit1STORIESHewasthirty-six,hisyouthhadpassedlikeascreamingeagle,leavinghimoldanddisillusioned.她已三十六歲,青春像一路鳴叫的鷹,早已一閃而逝,留給她的是衰老和幻滅.averageheight一般高度gleamingeyes兩眼閃著光輝inhismiddletwenties大概是二十五六歲的年齡Ignoringthechairofferedhim,ChuThestoodsquarelybeforethisyouthmorethantenyearshisjuniorandinalevelvoicetoldhimwhohewas,whathehaddoneinthepast,howhehadfledfromYunnan,talkedwithSunYat-sen,beenrepulsed（回絕）byChenTu-hsiuinShanghai,andhadcometoEuropetofindanewwayoflifeforhimselfandanewrevolutionaryroadforChina.朱德顧不得拉過來的椅子,端端正正地站在這個(gè)比她年輕十歲的青年面前,用平穩(wěn)的語調(diào),闡明自己的身份和經(jīng)歷:她如何逃出云南,如何會(huì)見孫中山,如何在上海被陳獨(dú)秀回絕,如何為了謀求自己的新的生活方式和中國(guó)的新的革命道路而來到歐洲.Whenbothvisitorshadtoldtheirstories,Chousmiledalittle,saidhewouldhelpthemfindrooms,andarrangeforthemtojointheBerlinCommunistgroupascandidatesuntiltheirapplicationhadbeensenttoChinaandananswerreceived.兩位來客把經(jīng)歷說完后,周恩來微笑著說,她可以幫她們找到住的地方,替她們辦理加入黨在柏林的支部的手續(xù),在入黨申請(qǐng)書寄往中國(guó)而尚未批準(zhǔn)之前,臨時(shí)作候補(bǔ)黨員.ChineseCommunistParty中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨兩條規(guī)定,忠實(shí)------內(nèi)容,通順-------語言SeveraltimesonhistripstoChina,whichhemadeasaguestoftheChineseGovernment,Bill’sbirthdayoccurredwhilehewasinBeijing.以中國(guó)官方客人的身份,比爾來訪中國(guó)已多次了,并且在北京停留期間恰適她生日也有好幾次了.“Thisisforyou,”BillMorrowheardonmanyoccasionshewouldneverforget----suchaswhenhewastakenaboatdowntheGrandCanalandeveryboatthatpassedsoundeditssireninsalutation.OrwhenheshownoverthegreatNanjingbridge,builtwheretheferriesusedtocarrytrainsacrosstheChangjiangRiver.Hewasgivenachairandaskedtowaitalittleasdarknesscameon,thensuddenlythewholebridgewasoutlinedinlights.“這是為你安排的?！边@句話比爾.莫諾聽到過好幾次,每一次都令她難以忘懷。有一次,她沿大運(yùn)河乘船順?biāo)?路過的每艘船都鳴笛致敬.尚有一次,她參觀雄偉的南京長(zhǎng)江大橋------此前沒橋時(shí),要靠輪渡托載火車橫渡長(zhǎng)江.夜幕徐徐來臨了,她被安排坐下,并被告知稍坐等待,然后忽然間,整個(gè)橋身被燈光勾畫出了一種清晰的輪廊.ThemostimportantdayIrememberinallmylifeistheoneonwhichmyteacher,AnneMansfieldSulliven,cametome.IamfilledwithwonderwhenIconsidertheimmeasurablecontrastbetweenthetwoliveswhichitconnects.在我的記憶里,安妮.曼斯匪爾德.沙利文教師來的那一天,是我畢生中最重要的日子.從這一天開始,我的生活與此前迥然不同,一想到這一點(diǎn),我就感到非常興奮.Ontheafternoonofthateventfulday,Istoodontheporch,dumb,expectant.那天下午,我一聲不響,懷著期待的心情站在門廊里.Haveyoubeenatseainadensefog,whenitseemedasifatangiblewhitedarknessshutyouin,andthegreatship,tenseandanxious,gropedherwaytowardtheshorewithplummet（鉛錘）andsounding-line（測(cè)深繩）andyouwaitedwithbeatingheartforsomethingtohappen?Iwaslikethatshipbeforemyeducationbegan,onlyIwaswithoutcompassorsounding-line,andhadnowayofknowinghowneartheharbourwas.“Light!Givemelight!”wasthewordlesscryofmysoul,andthelightofloveshoneonmeinthatveryhour.不知你與否有過這樣的經(jīng)歷---在海上航行遇上了大霧,周邊一片白,仿佛著實(shí)把你關(guān)在一種黑暗的地方,大船上的人又緊張又著急,一面用鉛錘探測(cè)深淺,一面向岸邊慢慢駛?cè)?你的心也怦怦直跳,生怕出事.我在開始受教育之前,就像這樣一條船,只是沒有羅盤,沒有測(cè)探繩,也無法懂得離海港有多遠(yuǎn).“光明!給我光明!”這就是發(fā)自我內(nèi)心深處的無言的呼喚,也就在這時(shí)候,愛心的光輝照到了我的身上.Someonetookit,andIwascaughtupandheldcloseinthearmsofherwhohadcometorevealallthingstome,and,morethanallthingselse,toloveme.有個(gè)人握住了我的手,于是我被抱了起來,緊緊地抈在了她的懷里.正是她來到我的身邊,將一切展切在我面前,更重要的是,是她將愛帶給了我.monkey-likeimitation.猴子模仿似的Inthedaysthatfollowed,Ilearnedtospellinthisuncomprehendingwayagreatmanywords,amongthempin,hat,cupandafewverbslikesit,standandwalk.接下來的幾天里,我在主線不知自己在做什么樣狀況下,學(xué)會(huì)了拼好些單詞,例如PIN,HAT,CUP及某些動(dòng)詞,如SIT,STANDANDWALK.ThatwasbecauseIsaweverythingwiththestrange,newsightthathadcometome.OnenteringthedoorIrememberedthedollIhadbroken.Ifeltmywaytohearthandpickedupthepieces,Itriedvainlytoputthemtogether.那是由于我正用一種剛剛獲得的全新而奇特的視角來看待一切事物.進(jìn)屋時(shí),我想起了被我弄壞的那個(gè)娃娃.我摸索著來到壁爐前,拾起那些碎片,試圖將它們拼接在一起,卻沒辦到.ItwouldhavebeendifficulttofindahappierchildthanIwasasIlayinmycribatthecloseofthateventfuldayandlivedover(回憶)thejoysithadbroughtme,andforthefirsttimelongedforanewdaytocome.當(dāng)那感概萬千的一天將近結(jié)束時(shí),我躺在自己的小床里,感受這一天帶給我的那些快樂,我覺得沒有人比我更幸福了.畢生中第一次,我期待著新一天的來臨.一切舊的老式觀念alloutmodedtraditionalthinking一切制止社會(huì)進(jìn)步和人性發(fā)展的不合理的制度anyirrationalsystemwhichobstructs[?b'str?kt]socialprogressorhumandevelopment.我覺得有一根鞭子在抽打我的心,又覺得仿佛有什么鬼魂借我的筆為自己伸冤同樣.Ifeltasifmymindwasbeingwhipped,asifaghosthadcommandeeredmypenandwaswritingtoredresstheinjusticesithadsuffered.另一種地方Onanotheroccasion.長(zhǎng)得好看的人用不著濃妝艷抹,而我的文章就像一種丑八怪,不打扮,看起來倒還順眼些.Physicallyattractivepeopledon’tneedheavymake-up.Thoughmywritingresembles[ri'zembl]anuglymonster,itactuallylooksalittlebetterwithoutanyembellishment[im'beli?m?nt].我最恨那些盜名欺世,欺騙讀者的謊言。ThismeansIopposefabrication[.f?bri'kei??n]（欺騙）,deception[di'sep??n]（欺詐）andflowerylanguage.WhatIhatemostarethoseglory-seekingwriterswhodeceivethepublicwiththeirlies.就學(xué)習(xí)英語而言，有三個(gè)方面值得注意：拼法對(duì)的，合乎用法---一種詞怎么用，和哪個(gè)詞連用，很有講究。句子平穩(wěn)—合乎語法。Unit2HISTORYThecountrywasaplacewheremenworkedfromdawntodark,andthelabourerlivednotinthesun,butinpovertyanddarkness.Whataidsthereweretolightenlabourwereimmemorial,likethemill,whichwasalreadyancientinChaucer’stime.TheindustrialRevolutionbeganwithsuchmachines;themillwrightsweretheengineersofthecomingage.JamesBrindleyofStaffordashirestartedhisself-madecareerin1733byworkingatmillwheels,attheageofseventeen,havingbeenbornpoorinavillage.在農(nóng)村，人們從早到晚都得干活，勞動(dòng)者并不是沐浴在陽光下，而在生活在貧困和黑暗之中，那么協(xié)助減輕勞動(dòng)的機(jī)械都不知從哪個(gè)年代就有了。例如磨坊，在喬叟的時(shí)候就已經(jīng)是古老的了。而工業(yè)革命就是從這些機(jī)械開始的。修造磨坊的匠人就是開創(chuàng)新時(shí)代的工程師。斯塔?？さ恼材匪?布林斯雷，出身于一種貧苦的農(nóng)村家庭;一七三三年，她十七歲，就著手改良磨坊的車輪，從而開始了她那自我奮斗的生涯。intheair醞釀之中multi-purposemachine多功能機(jī)器Brindleyhadbegunonhisownaccount,outofinterest,tosurveythewaterwaysthathetraveledashewentabouthisengineeringprojectsformillsandmines.布林斯雷在為她的磨坊和礦井建筑工程到處奔波的時(shí)候，出于自愿和愛好，對(duì)沿路過過的河道進(jìn)行了勘察。Theyoftenhadlittleeducation,andinfactschooleducationasitthenwascouldonlydullaninventivemind.她們一般都沒有受過什么教育。事實(shí)上，當(dāng)時(shí)那種學(xué)校教育也只能窒息人的發(fā)明性。arteriesofcommunication交通的動(dòng)脈Thesethingshadbeenmanufacturedinvillageswhichweregrowingintotownsnow,awayfromLondon;itwasacountry-widetrade.這些物品都是在遠(yuǎn)離倫敦徐徐發(fā)展成為城鄉(xiāng)的農(nóng)村制造的。這是一場(chǎng)全國(guó)范疇的貿(mào)易。要從詞匯，短語和構(gòu)造三個(gè)方面去弄懂原文，但是光這樣做還是不夠的，還必須把握全篇。Itisnotalone:itformsoneofatriadofrevolutions,ofwhichtheothertwoweretheAmericanRevolutionthatstartedin1775,andtheFrenchRevolutionthatstartedin1789.Itmayseemstrangetoputintothesamepocketanindustrialrevolutionandtwopoliticalrevolutions.工業(yè)革命不是孤立的，它是當(dāng)時(shí)三大革命之一，此外兩次是美國(guó)革命和法國(guó)革命，分別始于1775年和1789年。將一次工業(yè)革命和兩次政治革命相提并論，似乎有些奇。cottageindustry作坊似的/家庭小工業(yè)WhatmakestheIndustrialRevolutionsopeculiarlyEnglishisthatitisrootedinthecountryside.工業(yè)革命特別具有英國(guó)特色是由于它植根于農(nóng)村Duringthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury,intheoldageofNewtonandthedeclineoftheRoyalSociety,Englandbasked[b?sk]inalastIndiansummerofvillageindustryandtheoverseastradeofmerchantadventures(商業(yè)冒險(xiǎn)家從事的海外貿(mào)易).18世紀(jì)上半期，也就是牛頓的晚年，皇家學(xué)會(huì)逐漸衰敗的年代，英國(guó)仍享有著農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)和商業(yè)冒險(xiǎn)家從事的海外貿(mào)易帶來的最后歡娛。Eventually,thoughafewcommunitiescontinuedtobedevotedalmostexclusivelytomining,therealwealthofMontana,Colorado,Wyoming,Idaho,andCaliforniaprovedtobeinthegrassofsoil.后來雖然少數(shù)城鄉(xiāng)專門從事采礦業(yè)，但蒙大拿，科羅拉多，懷俄明，愛達(dá)荷等州的真正財(cái)富，也和加州同樣，還是在草原和沃土之中。readability[.ri:d?'biliti],讀起來上口，順。所謂翻譯，是翻譯意思，而不是翻譯詞句。只要抓住了意思，譯文在詞句上可以有一定的靈活性。Despitethegreatgainsinindustry,agricultureremainedthenation’sbasicoccupations（基本產(chǎn)業(yè)）.Therevolutioninagriculture----parallelingthatinmanufacturingafterthewarinvolvedashiftfromhandlabortomachinefarming,andfromsubsistencetocommercialagriculture.Between1686and1910,thenumberoffarmsintheUnitedStatestrebled,increasingfrom2millionto6millionwhiletheareafarmedmorethandoubledfrom160millionto352millionhectares.盡管工業(yè)的收益很大，農(nóng)業(yè)仍是國(guó)民的基本產(chǎn)業(yè)。農(nóng)業(yè)革命----和戰(zhàn)后的制造業(yè)革命并駕齊驅(qū)，使手工業(yè)勞作變?yōu)闄C(jī)械耕種，使維持生計(jì)的農(nóng)業(yè)變?yōu)樯虡I(yè)化的農(nóng)業(yè)。從1860年至19間，美國(guó)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的數(shù)量翻了三番，從000個(gè)增至6000000個(gè)，耕種的面積也從1.6公頃增至3.52公頃，增長(zhǎng)了一倍多。IIn1840,CyrusMcCormickperformedamiraclebycuttingfromtwototwo-and-a-halfhectaresadaywiththecuriousmachinehehadbeendevelopingfornearly10years.到了1840年，塞路斯，麥克米克發(fā)明了一種奇跡，用她歷經(jīng)近十年研制的神奇機(jī)器，一天可割麥2---2.5公頃。In1862,theMorrillLand-GrantCollegeAct1862年，政府頒布的有關(guān)贈(zèng)地建校的“莫里爾公地興學(xué)法案”industrialcolleges,appropriated[?'pr?upri?t]fund,wereatwork.農(nóng)業(yè)院校，下?lián)芸铐?xiàng)，展開了科研活動(dòng)。五四運(yùn)動(dòng)是反帝國(guó)主義的運(yùn)動(dòng),又是反封建的運(yùn)動(dòng).五四運(yùn)動(dòng)的杰出的歷史意思,在于它帶著為辛亥革命還不曾有的姿態(tài),這就是徹底地不當(dāng)協(xié)地反帝國(guó)主義和徹底地不當(dāng)協(xié)地反封建主義.TheMay4thMovementwasananti-imperialist[im'pi?ri?list]aswellasananti-feudalmovement.Itsoutstandinghistoricalsignificanceistobeseeninafeature（以一種……姿態(tài)）whichwasabsentfromtheRevolutionof1911,namely,itsthorough['θ?r?]anduncompromisingoppositiontoimperialismaswellastofeudalism.五四運(yùn)動(dòng)所進(jìn)行的文化革命則是徹底地反對(duì)封建文化的運(yùn)動(dòng),自有中國(guó)歷史以來,還沒有過這樣偉大而徹底的文化革命.May4thMovementwasuncompromising（不讓步的）initsoppositiontofeudalculture;therehadneverbeensuchagreatandthoroughgoingculturalrevolutionsincethedawnofChinesehistory.五四運(yùn)動(dòng)是在思想上和干部上準(zhǔn)備了一九二一年中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的成立,又準(zhǔn)備了五?運(yùn)動(dòng)和北伐戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng).Bothinideologyandinthematterofcadres['kɑ:d?]（干部）,theMay4thMovementpavedthewayforthefoundingoftheChineseCommunistPartyin1921andfortheMay30thMovementin1925andtheNorthernExpedition（遠(yuǎn)征）[.ekspi'di??n].上海,唐山,長(zhǎng)辛店等地工人紛紛罷工示威,中國(guó)工人階級(jí)第一次作為覺悟了的獨(dú)立的政治力量登上政治舞臺(tái),顯示了它的偉大力量.WorkersinShanghai,Tanghsna,Changxindianandetc,wentonstriketoexpresstheirdisapproval.Asanawakened,independent,politicalstrength,Chineseworkingclasssteppedonthepoliticalstageforthefirsttimeandilluminated[i'lju:mineit]itstremendouspower.在全國(guó)人民反帝愛國(guó)斗爭(zhēng)的壓力下,北洋軍閥政府被迫釋放被捕學(xué)生,撤銷三個(gè)賣國(guó)賊的職務(wù),回絕在對(duì)德“和約”上簽字,反帝反封建斗爭(zhēng)獲得了初步勝利.Underthepressureofanationwidepatriotic[.p?tri'?tik]struggleagainstimperialism,theNorthernWarlord['w?:l?:d]（軍閥）governmenthadtoreleasethosearrestedstudents,removethe3traitors['treit?]fromtheirpostsandrefusetosignonthePeaceTreatywithGermany.Thestruggleagainstimperialismandfeudalismhasachievedafundamentalvictory.五四運(yùn)動(dòng)是一次徹底的不當(dāng)協(xié)的反帝反封建的革命運(yùn)動(dòng),它促成了中國(guó)工人運(yùn)動(dòng)同馬克思主義的結(jié)合,在思想上和干部上為中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的成立作了準(zhǔn)備,是中國(guó)新民主主義革命的開端.May4thMovementisarevolutionarymovementwithathoroughanduncompromisingoppositiontoimperialismandfeudalism.Itprompted（推動(dòng)）thecombinationofChineseworkers’movementandMarxismand,bothinideologyandinthematterofcadres,pavedthewayforthefoundingofChineseCommunistParty.ItwasthebeginningoftheChineseNewDemocraticRevolution.Scarcelylessimportantthanmachineryintheagriculturalrevolutionwasscience.In1862,theMorrillLand-GrantCollegeActallotted[?'l?t](撥給)publiclandtoeachstatefortheestablishmentofagriculturalandindustrialcolleges.在農(nóng)業(yè)革命中與機(jī)械幾乎同等重要的是科學(xué)。1862年,根據(jù)“莫里爾公地興法案”,國(guó)會(huì)把公用地分派給各州,以便建立農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)學(xué)院。Therevolutioninagriculture---paralleling['p?r?,l?li?]thatinmanufacturingafterthewarinvolvedashiftfromhandlabortomachinefarming,andfromsubsistencetocommercialagriculture.農(nóng)業(yè)的革命----和戰(zhàn)后制造業(yè)的革命并駕齊驅(qū)----使手工業(yè)勞動(dòng)變?yōu)闄C(jī)械耕作,從維持生計(jì)的農(nóng)業(yè)變成為商業(yè)化的農(nóng)業(yè).UNIT3GEOGRAPHYAllthissuggestedancientharmonies.這一切使人感到古代的和諧氛圍.Thedevastatingfloodsanddroughtsthatimposedarecurrenttaxofsufferingonthefellahinnolongeroccur.過去給農(nóng)民帶來劫難的水旱災(zāi)害,目前也不再發(fā)生了.Aboutsixyearsagoitbecameanisland.Daybydaytheseaiseatingtheland----thedamhasstoppedthesedimentoftheNilefromreplenishing[ri'pleni?]（加固）theshoreline.大概六年前,那地方變成了一種小島.海水一每天沖刷陸地----水壩已經(jīng)使得尼羅河的泥沙無法沉積下來加固海岸了.舊的教學(xué)法只管三件事,識(shí)中文,讀中文讀物,寫中文作文.冰心在<北京晚報(bào)>刊登過一篇文章:“漫談賞花和玩貓”。TombsandtemplesofancientEgyptfollowtheNilewellintoSudan.DrivingsouthwardfromCairointothevalley,Ienteredalandscapethatowedlittletothepresentera.Forthenext1800milesthethinblueribbonoftheNile,flowingslowlynorth,unwoundoverbrownsoilandgreenfields,someonlyafewyardswide,othersasbroadasanIowacornfield.Attheedgeofthefields,risingindramatichillsorstretchingflattothehorizon,laythebrownbarrendeserts.古埃及的墳?zāi)?廟宇遍及尼羅河兩岸,始終沿至蘇丹.駕車從開羅往南行至尼羅河谷,映入眼簾的是一番與現(xiàn)代截然不同的景色.藍(lán)色玉帶般的尼羅河綿延1800英里,在棕色的土地和綠色的田野間緩緩向北流去.田地有的僅幾碼寬,有的則如依阿華州的玉米地那么寬.田野的外邊沿處是寸草不生的棕色沙漠,有的地方如小山般高高聳起,有的則平平的始終延展至天際.IhadtheillusionthatIwasdrivingthroughoneimmenselylong,narrowfarm.我感到自己宛若駕車穿越一種毫無盡頭的狹長(zhǎng)農(nóng)場(chǎng).TheroadfollowedthecourseoftheNile,nowpassingthroughthefields,nowdrawingablacklineseparatingthemfromthedesert.公路是順著尼羅河修筑的,因此時(shí)而從田間穿過,時(shí)而如一條黑色的分界線將田地與沙漠隔開.Asthefloodreceded,thewaterdrainingthroughthesoilleachedoutthesaltsandcarriedthemofftotheMediterranean.洪水退去時(shí),下滲土壤的水會(huì)沖走土里的鹽分,并最后把鹽帶入地中海.ItenjoysaMediterranean[.medit?'reinj?n]climate.屬地中海氣候Thefertilityofthesurroundingplains,easyaccesstotheMurraylowlandstotheeastandsoutheast,andthepresenceofmineraldepositsinthenearbyhillsallcontributedtothecity’sgrowth.四周平原土壤肥沃,與東和東南方的墨累低地相通.附近山區(qū)有礦藏.原為初期農(nóng)貿(mào)中心,現(xiàn)已工業(yè)化.TheAdelaideFestivalofArtswasthefirstinternationalcelebrationofitskindtobeheldinAustralia.阿德萊德文藝節(jié)每?jī)赡昱e辦一次,是在澳大利亞舉辦的第一種國(guó)際性文藝活動(dòng).Adelaide,thecapitalofSouthAustralia,isoneofAustralia’sbest-plannedcities.南澳大利亞的首府,阿德萊德,是澳大利亞布局最精致的都市之一。Beltsofparklandslinethreesidesoftheareaandfourlargeopensquaresoflawnsandtreesbreaktheregularityofthecitybuildings.NorthAdelaide,whichischieflyresidential,isborderedbymoreparklands,andcontainstwoopensquares.NandSAdelaidearedividedbytheTorrensRiver,spannedbyfourbridgeandlinedwithornamentalgradens.帶狀綠地從三面環(huán)繞,區(qū)內(nèi)的四塊空地上有草坪也有樹木,打破了市內(nèi)建筑物的單調(diào)格局.北部重要是居民區(qū),其周邊也有公園環(huán)繞.此外尚有兩個(gè)大廣場(chǎng).南北阿德萊德的分界是特化斯河,河面上建有四座橋,兩岸則有花園點(diǎn)綴.ThecitycontainsmanyfineexamplesofearlyAustralianarchitecture,includingthetownhallonKingWiiliamStreet---thewidemainN-Sthoroughfare.阿德萊德?lián)碛性S多初期澳式建筑的典范,例如貫穿南北的主干道路----余威廉大街上的市政大廳.jetsofwater,aluminiumsculptures,drawsitswater.噴水孔,鋁質(zhì)雕塑.供水之源Parklands,whichseparatethecityandthesuburbs,arepreservedintheperpetuity[.p?:pi'tju:iti]fortheuseofthepeople.分隔市區(qū)與郊區(qū)的綠地永遠(yuǎn)留作人們活動(dòng)的場(chǎng)合.TheImperialPalace紫禁城OfparticularinterestifyouhavetimemightbetheImperialAncestralTemple,whichistotheright,andtheSunYat-SenPark,ontheleft.Coveringanareaof175acres,thePalaceisenclosedbywallsover35fthighandsurroundedbyamoat57ydwide.ThePalaceMuseum,withfourgates,hasitsmainentrancetothesouth,knownastheMeridianGate.ThisisthegateyouwillapproachasyoucontinuealongthecobbledroadwayfromTianAnMen.TheImperialPalaceisdividedintotwoceremonialareas:theOuterPalaceandtheInnerCourt.ThroughtheMeridianGateandacrosstheGoldenWaterBridge,onecomestotheGateofSupremeHarmony,themaingateoftheOuterPalace.ThemainbuildingintheOuterPalacearetheHallofSupremeHarmony,theHallofPreservingHarmony.TheHallofSupremeHarmony,theMeridianGate,theOuterPalace,theInnerCourt,theGoldenWaterBridge,theGateofSupremeHarmony,theHallofCompleteHarmony,theHallofPreservingHarmony.太和殿theHallofSupremeHarmony,午門theMeridianGate,外朝theOuterPalace,內(nèi)延theInnerCourt,金水橋theGoldenWaterBridge,太和門theGateofSupremeHarmony,中和殿theHallofCompleteHarmony,保和殿theHallofPreservingHarmony總面積共有68.2公頃,燕京八景之一,五龍亭,九龍壁,御花園theimperialgarden,白塔theWhiteDagoba,燕京Beijing,琉璃瓦glazedtiles,影壁Withatotalareaof68.2ha.OneoftheeightviewsofBeijing.TheFiveDragonPavilion.Nine-DragonScreen.TheImperialgarden.TheWhiteDagoba.Beijing.Glazedtiles.Screen.UNIT4ECONOMYPresidentClintonrealized---asalofusmust----thattoday’seconomyisglobal.正如每個(gè)人必須結(jié)識(shí)到的那樣,克林頓總統(tǒng)結(jié)識(shí)到當(dāng)今的經(jīng)濟(jì)具有全球性質(zhì).1977,thesumtotalofChineseimportsandexportswaslessthan$15billion,puttingChina’sshareofworldat0.6percent.Themostpopulouscountryintheworld,Chinarankedadistant30thamongexportingnations.By1993China’sexportsandimportstotalednearly$200billion.Chinahadbecometheworld’stenthlargestexporter.在1977年,中國(guó)進(jìn)出口總額還不到150億美元,僅占世界貿(mào)易總額的0.6%,世界上人口最多的中國(guó)在出口國(guó)家中排名靠后,僅是第30位,到1993年,中國(guó)進(jìn)出口總額接近億美元,它已成為每10個(gè)最大的出口國(guó).PercapitaGNPhasgrownatanaveragerateof7.6%from1980-1992.從1980年至1992年,人均國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值平均增長(zhǎng)率為7.6%.Buttheimportanceoftradeinoureconomyhasexplodedinthepastthreedecades.In1970,thevalueoftwowaytradewasequaltojust13%oftheUSeconomy.Lastyear,thatfigure,at28%,wasmorethantwiceashigh.Injustthelastsevenyears,jobssupportedbyUSexportshaverisenby4million,toatotalof11million.That’salmostoneoutoftenAmericanjobs.LastyearUStradeequaled$1.8trilliondollars.但在過去30年中,我們經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易的重要性大大地增長(zhǎng)了,在1970年,雙邊貿(mào)易的總值占了整個(gè)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的13%.去年上升到28%,比1970年增長(zhǎng)了一倍多.就在過去7年中,美國(guó)的出口發(fā)明的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)增長(zhǎng)了400萬個(gè).總數(shù)上升到1100萬個(gè).這個(gè)數(shù)字就占美國(guó)就業(yè)總數(shù)的1/10.去年,美國(guó)貿(mào)易總額達(dá)到了1.8億美元.NoristheimportanceoftradelikelytodiminishforeitherChinaortheUnitedStates.無論是中國(guó)還是美國(guó),都不會(huì)縮小貿(mào)易的重要性.Foreignexchange外匯Bilateraltrade雙邊貿(mào)易tolayasoundfoundationforfuturecommercialandfinancialties.為將來貿(mào)易與金融關(guān)系打下了一種堅(jiān)實(shí)的基本.China’simportsfromtheUS,whichamountedto$900millionin1978,rosetonearly$3billionin1982.exportsrosefrom$300millionto$2.3billionduringthatperiod.TotalChinesetradehasalsorisenjdramatically,from1978to1983Chineseexportsincreasedfromroughly10billionto22billion,whileimportsincreasedfrom10billiontojustover21billion.中國(guó)從美國(guó)的進(jìn)口額,從??到由9億美元增至近30億美元,對(duì)美出口額在這期間也從3億美元增至23億美元.中國(guó)的對(duì)外貿(mào)易總額也急速攀升,中國(guó)的出口額從1978年的約100億美元增至1982年的220億美元,進(jìn)口額與此同步也從100億美元增長(zhǎng)到了210多種億美元.jointventures合資公司Offshoreoilexploration海上石油勘測(cè)Therearereasonstobeoptimisticandtoexpectthatcommercialandfinancialrelationshipswillgrowinthefuture.我們有理由保持樂觀的態(tài)度,有理由相信,將來貿(mào)易與金融關(guān)系會(huì)繼續(xù)發(fā)展.foodproduction,industrialproduction.lightindustries.糧食產(chǎn)量,工業(yè)生產(chǎn),輕工業(yè)IbelieveChineseeconomicauthoritiesrecognizetheproblemandthenextFive-YearPlanwilladdressiteffectively.我相信中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)管理部門已結(jié)識(shí)到這個(gè)問題,在下一種“五年籌劃”中定會(huì)有效地解決這一問題.Britainlivesbycommerce.With2%oftheworld'spopulation,wearetheworld’sfifthlargesttradingnation.Werelymorethananyothermajoreconomyonthegoodsandservicesthatweexport,theinvestmentthatweattractandwemakeabroad.英國(guó)的生存依賴貿(mào)易.雖然英國(guó)人口只占全球的2%,它卻是世界第五大貿(mào)易國(guó).英國(guó)對(duì)商品和服務(wù)出口以及對(duì)投資和引資的依賴超過了世界上其她重要經(jīng)濟(jì)體.outwardinvestor,netincome,theshareofforeigninvestment.海外投資,凈收入,外商投資份額WhatthismeansisthatBritainhasdirectexperienceofthebenefitsthatinternationaltradeandinvestmentgenerate.這意味著英國(guó)直接享有到了國(guó)際投資所帶來的利益.,國(guó)際投資的蓬勃發(fā)展符合國(guó)內(nèi)利益.Thatisthewaytomaximizehershareofworldmarkets;and----astheUKknowsfromdirectexperience----toattractthestimulus,thetechnologyandthefundingthatinwardinvestmentcanoffer.最大限度地?cái)U(kuò)大其在世界上的市場(chǎng)份額的措施,英國(guó)從自身直接的經(jīng)歷中體會(huì)到,吸引外資可以帶來動(dòng)力,技術(shù)和資金.嚴(yán)復(fù)--<天演論>,信—忠實(shí),達(dá)—流暢,雅—爾雅,她并不十分注重“信”,她說“譯文取明深義,故詞句之間,時(shí)有所顛倒附益,不斤斤于字比句次.”周煦良專家在“翻譯三論”一文中說:我覺得應(yīng)當(dāng)作為“得體”來理解.multilateraldisciplines多邊公約.Broughtthishome.Zero-sumgame賺錢損失總體持平.Finitestock.Donorandrecipient.,感觸頗深,,經(jīng)濟(jì)利益增長(zhǎng)值,投資方與被投資方立足國(guó)內(nèi)資源,實(shí)現(xiàn)糧食基本自給,是中國(guó)解決糧食供需問題的基本方針.ThebasicprincipleforsolvingtheproblemofgrainsupplyanddemandinChinaistoreplyonthedomesticresourcesandbasicallyachieveself-sufficiencyingrain.根據(jù)中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)自然資源,生產(chǎn)條件,技術(shù)水平和其她發(fā)展條件,糧食增產(chǎn)潛力很大.Naturalagriculturalresources,productionconditions,technicallevelandsomeotherconditionsensuregreatpotentialinthisrespect.雖然考慮到土地報(bào)酬率遞減的因素,也是有條件實(shí)現(xiàn)的.Toachievethetargetistotallypossibleevenifthefactorofdiminishinglandreturnsrateisconsidered.中國(guó)政府將在加強(qiáng)對(duì)既有耕地保護(hù)的同步,加快宜農(nóng)荒地的開發(fā)和工礦廢棄地的復(fù)墾.TheChinesegovernmentwillmakeeffortstospeedupthereclamationofwastelandsuitableforfarmingaswellaslanddiscardedbyfactoriesandmines.inlandwaters,aquaculture['?kw?.k?lt??],aquatic[?'kw?tik]products,intensification,animalby-products,arbor['ɑ:b?]foodstuffs.內(nèi)陸水域,養(yǎng)殖,水產(chǎn)品,集約化,畜產(chǎn)品,木本食物.UNIT5CULTUREIt’srainingagain.AsIlieawakeinbed,listeningtothesoundofthoserazor-sharpdropspoundingonthepavement,mymindgoesreelingdowndarkcorridorsteemingwithagonizing['?g?naizi?]（苦惱的）flashbacks,andachillfromwithinfillsmewithdread.It’sraining,again.又下雨了,我躺在床上,睡不著,聽著雨點(diǎn)兒落在路面上啪啪作響.我思路萬千,恍恍惚惚進(jìn)入了一條條幽暗的甬道,回憶起許多痛苦的往事.心里一陣冰冷,不禁感到毛骨悚然.是的,又在下雨了.ItdoesthiseveryyearinSouthernCalifornia;atleastthat’swhattheytoldmelastyearwhenImarveledattherelentlessdeterminationoftherain.加利福尼亞南部,年年如此;去年,雨無情地下個(gè)不斷.我表達(dá)驚異,人們就是這樣對(duì)我說的.EverychildraisedintheWestknowsaboutthesedangers.Atleastthat’swhatIusedtothink.I’mnotsosureanymore.在西部長(zhǎng)大的孩子都懂得洪水的厲害.至少我過去是這樣想的,目前就不敢說的.Habitsform,however,and,inachild’smind,mostofthetimebecomesallofthetime,andnobodygivesitmuchthought.Thentherainscome.然而孩子們習(xí)覺得常,在她們心目中,“大部分時(shí)間”變成了“所有時(shí)間”,而誰也沒有仔細(xì)去想這件事.后來就下起雨來了.\在理論方面,魯迅曾針對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)趙景深的”寧順而不信”的提法,提出了“寧信而不順”的主張.1935年,魯迅在“題未定‘草’”一文中又對(duì)翻譯作了新的概括.她說:”但凡翻譯,必須兼顧著兩面,一固然力求其易解,一則保存著原作的豐姿.”也就是說,翻譯既要通順,又要忠實(shí).Eachdaywemakechoicesthataffectourlivesand,sometimes,thelivesofothers.每一天我們都要做出許多選擇,大部分是為自己,有的也為別人.Somehowourpathtookustowardthepark,acrossthefootbridgehighabovetherollingwateroftheLosAngelesRiver.不知怎的,我們就踏上了通向公園的小路.Manychildrenwereplayingclosetothewater,andwewerestunnedbytheirignoranceanddaring.Thefarbank.許多孩子在告近水邊的地方玩耍.她們的無知與魯莽把我倆看呆了.Hejumpedintothewatertogethisbikeandwascarriedrapidlydownstream,alookofpanicandhorrorregisteringonhisyoungface.她跳進(jìn)河里去撈車.急流一下子就把她給沖走了,她嚇壞了,臉上現(xiàn)出驚恐的表情.剎那間,我們要做出選擇.Thegreatestinstinct,Ibelieve,istohelpachildinneed.我想,是本能驅(qū)使我們?nèi)ゾ葷?jì)一種危難中的孩子.Icouldseethathehadconfrontedmuchmorethanhecouldhandle,evenbeingasstrongandathleticashewas.從艾勒的表情,我懂得,盡管她身強(qiáng)力壯,但當(dāng)時(shí)她面臨的困境是她無法掙脫的.Feelingofguilt,asamatterofcourse.Thatlittlewasluckytogetout.內(nèi)疚心理,理所固然,那孩子命大的話會(huì)脫險(xiǎn)的.Althoughbothmyparentsdiedyoung,Ihavedonewellinthisrespectasregardsmyotherancestors.Mymaternalgrandfather,itistrue,wascutoffintheflowerofhisyouthattheageofsixty-seven,butmyotherthreegrandparentsalllivedtobeovereighty.我的父母年齡輕輕就去世了,可是說到祖輩,我還是選得不錯(cuò)的.我外祖父固然是在風(fēng)華正茂之年就棄世了,當(dāng)時(shí)她只有六十七歲,但是我的祖父,祖母和外祖母卻都活到了八十以上.Mymaternalgrandmother,afterhavingninechildrenwhosurvived,onewhodiedininfancy,andmanymiscarriages,assoonasshebecameawidowdevotedherselftowomen’shighereducation.我外祖母有九個(gè)孩子活了下來,有一種孩子很小就死了,她還流產(chǎn)過多次.丈夫一死,她就致力于女子高等教育.Ifyouhavewideandkeeninterestsandactivitiesinwhichyoucanstillbeeffective,youwillhavenoreasontothinkaboutthemerelystatisticalfactofthenumberofyearsyouhavealreadylived,stilllessoftheprobablebrevityofyourfuture.你要是有廣泛的愛好和強(qiáng)烈的愛好,并且尚有能力參與某些活動(dòng),你就沒有理由去考慮自己已經(jīng)活了多少歲這樣的具體數(shù)字,更沒有理由去考慮自己的余年大概是很有限的了.One’sthoughtsmustbedirectedtothefuture,andtothingsaboutwhichthereissomethingtobedone.一種人應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮將來,考慮某些可以有所作為的事情.Itiseasytothinktooneselfthatone’semotionsusedtobemorevividthantheyare,andone’smindmorekeen.人們往往會(huì)對(duì)自己說,我過去感情多么豐富,思想多么敏銳,目前不行了.Theotherthingtobeavoidedisclingingtoyouthinthehopeofsuckingvigourfromitsvitality.另一件需要避免的事就是老想和年輕人呆在一起,但愿從青年的活力中吸取力量.Animalsbecomeindifferenttotheiryoungassoonastheiryoungcanlookafterthemselves,buthumanbeings,owingtothelengthofinfancy,findthisdifficult.動(dòng)物,一旦它們的后裔可以自己照顧自己,它們就不管了;但是人,由于撫養(yǎng)子女的時(shí)間長(zhǎng),是難以這樣做的.在國(guó)內(nèi),從二十年代開始從事翻譯工作,從五十年代乃至八十年代還在討論翻譯問題的,大概只有兩個(gè)人,一種是郭沫若,一種就是茅盾.Ithinkthatasuccessfuloldageiseasiestforthosewhohavestrongimpersonalinterestsinvolvingappropriateactivities.我覺得,如果老年人對(duì)個(gè)人以外的事情懷有強(qiáng)烈的愛好,并參與合適的活動(dòng),我們的晚年是最容易過得好的,她們的晚年才會(huì)是畢生收獲的季節(jié).Yongmenwhohavereasontofearthattheywillbekilledinbattlemayjustifiablyfeelbitterinthethoughtthattheyhavebeencheatedofthebestthingsthatlifehastooffer.Butinoldmanwhohasknownhumanjoysandsorrows,andhasachievedwhateverworkitwasinhimtodo,tofearofdeathissomewhatobjectandignoble.年青時(shí)有這種想法是可以理解的.年青人膽怯陣亡疆場(chǎng),并且一想到人生最美好的一切就這樣被葬送了,恐驚的心情會(huì)更加嚴(yán)重.這種恐驚無可厚非.但作為老年人,人生的悲歡離合你已都經(jīng)歷過了,自己要做的事情也都做了,這時(shí)若還恐驚死亡,那就有些讓人瞧不起了.Anindividualhumanexistenceshouldbelikeariver---smallatfirst,narrowlycontainedwithinitsbanks,andrushingpassionatelypastbouldersandoverwaterfalls.Graduallytherivergrowswider,thebanksrecede,thewatersflowmorequietly,andintheend,withoutanyvisiblebreak,theybecomemergedinthesea,andpainlesslylosetheirindividualbeing.一種人的畢生應(yīng)像一條河----起初窄窄的,夾在兩岸之中,急速地流動(dòng)闃,沖過巖石,沖下瀑布,徐徐地,河面變寬了,兩岸變得越來越遠(yuǎn),河水靜靜地流動(dòng)著,直到最后,再也沒有什么阻礙了,由于這時(shí),你已融入了大海,毫無痛苦地結(jié)束了自己?jiǎn)为?dú)存在的那一段歷程.如今,能為她的這本散文集作序,我覺得很榮幸.Ifinditagreathonourtobeaskedtowriteaprefacetothiscollectionofhisessays.<心上的河流>寫出了她對(duì)于小河流水的深情,這使我憶起死回我所熱愛的無邊的大海.In“ARiveratHeart”,heexpressedhisdeepfeelingstowardstheflowingwaterofacreek,whichremindedmeofmyownlovefortheboundless,vastsea.這幾年,我因行動(dòng)不便,成天過著“井蛙”的無聊生活,讀了這游記,絢麗生動(dòng)得如經(jīng)其境,給了我很大的快樂.Inrecentyears,unabletomoveabouteasily,Ihavebeenleadingadulllifelikethatof“afrogatthebottomofawell”.ReadinghistravelnotesgavemegreatpleasurebecausetheyaresocolourfulandvividthatIfeltIwasactuallythere.猶如舊夢(mèng)重溫一般,我回憶起1936年在倫敦的3個(gè)星期,在晝夜看不到日,月,星三光的濃霧之中,參觀了大英博物館,敏納斯教學(xué)-----訪問了某些英國(guó)朋友.Justlikegoingthrougholddreams,IrememberedthethreeweeksIhadspentinLondonin1936.duringthattime,whenthesun,themoonandthestarswerehiddenbehindthethickfogdayandnight,IvisitedtheBritishMuseumandtheWestminsterandcalledonmyEnglishfriends.由于住處離羅浮宮很近,我就整個(gè)上午“泡”在羅浮宮里.AsIwasveryclosetotheLouvre,Iwouldloiterinthepalacethewholemorning.吃過早餐,就出來坐在宮門臺(tái)附上,欣賞宮門口那一大座花壇,花壇里栽的是紅,黃,白,紫四色分明的盛開的郁金色.Afterlunch,Iwouldcomeoutandsitonthestepsattheentranceofthepalace,enjoyingthebigflowerbedsnearthegatefilledwithbloomingtulipsofdistinctivered,yellow,whiteandpurple.意大利是我最喜歡的一種歐洲國(guó)家.OneofmyfavoritesEuropeancountriesfallsonItalywhichisbuiltofstone.佛羅倫薩給我留下的,除了美術(shù)館里的雕像和壁畫之外,尚有一座座府弟墻壁上的燈座,每座燈下均有一只拴馬的鐵環(huán),是約會(huì)或宴客時(shí)拴馬用的,十分別致.ThingsIcanrememberinFlorencearethestatuesandmuralsintheArtGalleryaswellasthelampstandsonthewallsofeachhouse.Undereachlampstand,thereisquniqueironringusedtotiethehorseswhenpartiesorbanquetsareheld.UNIT6LITERATURES重神似不重形似“這是在討論翻譯問題時(shí)常說的一句話.傅雷—人間喜劇,約翰.克利斯朵夫,最難應(yīng)付的是原文中最簡(jiǎn)樸最明白而最短.“No,no,no,”repliedthisindividual,whowasblondandvigorousandbynaturealittleirritableandcontentious.“沒有,沒有,沒有,”這個(gè)人回答說.她長(zhǎng)得漂美麗亮,精神飽滿,生性有點(diǎn)暴躁,喜歡爭(zhēng)執(zhí).茅盾:“直譯的意義若就淺處說,只是‘不妄改原文的字句’;就深處說,還求’能保存原文的情調(diào)與風(fēng)格.”“No,sir,butcouldn’tIpickitupprettyquickifItriedhard?”“是沒干過,先生.但只要我用心,不久就會(huì)學(xué)會(huì)的,是吧?”Clyde,leftaloneinthisfashion（用這種方式）,andnotknowingjustwhatitmeant,stared,wondering.克萊德就這樣給甩在這兒了,弄不明白什么意思,兩眼直愣愣地想呀想呀.出名翻譯家王佐良專家以翻譯英詩(shī)為主,兼及散文和戲劇.1980年出版的她的<英國(guó)詩(shī)文選擇集>中,有她譯的袁斯詩(shī)11首,雪萊詩(shī)8詩(shī),麥克迪兒米詩(shī)10首,有她譯的培根的散文3篇,科貝特的散文6篇.1985年出版了她譯的<彭斯詩(shī)選>.此外她還曾將曹禺的<雷雨>譯成英語.Iremembermychi